A Demonstration Lesson Plan in 10th Grade Science

I. TARGETS

General Objectives: After the 60 minutes session, the students will characterize the information stored
in DNA as being used to make proteins.

Specific Objectives: After the 60 minutes session, the students with 90% mastery through the help of
different online instructional materials will able to;

a) describe the stages of DNA replication. Transcription and Translation;

b) demonstrate the process of protein synthesis;
c) explain how protein is made using information from DNA;

II. LEARNING TASKS

A. Subject Matter
Topic: Central Dogma (DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation)

B. References
1. Science Learner’s Material, DepEd pp.263-279
C. Science Concepts
 DNA is made up of sugar phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases and its shape is
a double helix.
 Adenine paired with Thymine and Guanine to Cytosine.
 RNA has different types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
 The sequence of nucleotides in DNA directs the order of the nucleotide of mRNA called
transcription.
 The process of converting the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids
that make a protein is known as translation.
 The role of tRNA is to bring the amino acids in the cytoplasm to the ribosomes to
make proteins.
D. Skills
 Make a model of the translation process.
 Simulate the steps in translation.
 Development of observational and psychomotor laboratory skills.
 Questioning skills and experience of inquiry process.

E. Materials
 Educational gadgets (laptop, cellphone, computer or etc.)
 Colored papers
 Coloring materials
 Illustration board/long size folder
 Scissors
 Glue

F. Values
 Sense of Appreciation
 Focus
 Self-discipline
 Systematic
G. Teaching Strategies
 Inquiry Based Discussion
 Lesson Objective Transparency
 Sci-Awit
 Graphic Organizer
 Simulation

III. PRESENTATION

A. Preliminary Activities
1. Opening Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Checking/ Submission of Assignment (if any)
5. Review on Previous Topic
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional
Materials

“Good day, how are you today class?”

“We are excited for today Ma’am.”
“Are you ready to learn something new today?”
“Yes Ma’am”
“That’s good to hear! Before we move on to
our new topic, let’s recall our topic last meeting.
Can you recall?”
“Yes Ma’am, our topic last meeting is
about the structure of DNA and RNA .”
“Yes very good! To fully recall our topic last
meeting, let’s complete the table. Is it clear?”
Basis of DNA RNA
Comparison “Yes Ma’am”
1.Number of
strands
2.Location PowerPoint
in the cell Presentation
3. Type of
Sugar
Nitrogenous
base pair

“Who can give the answers for row number

“DNA has two strands while RNA has

one? “Very Good, On the second row?” single strand.”

“DNA found in the nucleus while RNA

“Precisely! How about in number three?” found in cytoplasm.”

“DNA has the deoxyribose while ribose is

the sugar backbone of RNA.”

“That’s correct! I will show you the picture of

the following sugar.”
 ‘In DNA the Guanine for Cytosine which PowerPoint
is the same with RNA and Adenine is Presentation
always pair with Thymine but this base is
“For the last number, the nitrogenous base pair.” Uracil in RNA.”

“Very good class! You really learned a lot from

our previous lesson.” “None Ma’am.”

“Are there any questions or clarifications about

our previous lesson?”

B. Motivation

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional

Materials

“Are you ready to learn something new today?”

“Yes Ma’am”
“Before we start on our topic, I have here a
game entitled quick match to text. The
mechanics are easy, I will call from you and
will tell what is the name of the following
pictures, if the answer is wrong it will turn red
and if it is right, it will turn green.”
“Yes, Ma’am.”
“Is it clear class? Let’s start! What is shown in
the picture?” “DNA”
PowerPoint
Persentation

“You got the right answer!” Let’s Proceed”

C1. Lesson Proper

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional
Materials

“Based on our game, what do you think is our

topic for today?” “Ma’am with the following pictures, our
topic for today is about the relationship of
DNA, RNA and protein.”
“Exactly! We will discuss for today how DNA
makes RNA and RNA makes protein. I want you

“Do you have any idea how can this happen?

To guess the exact title of our topic for today, I
have set of pictures that will give a clue about
it.”
v

“Ma’am, I think the answer is CENTRAL

DOGMA.”

“Right Answer! For our lesson today here are

our objectives:

a) describe the stages of DNA

replication. Transcription and
Translation;
b) demonstrate the process of
protein synthesis; PowerPoint
c) explain how protein is made Presentation
using information from DNA”

“Now, we will recall our last activity that is

necessary so you will learn our ne lesson, you “Deoxyribonucleic ma’am”
made a model of DNA what does it stand for?”

“DNA is a double helix molecule

“Good, will someone describe the structure of composed of complementary strands of
DNA?” deoxyribonucleic units. The
complementary base pairs of the DNA
are held by hydrogen bond.”

“Brilliant! Did you know that during the

interphase or the preparation before cell
division takes place, the DNA is copied and
this process called DNA Replication. It’s like
making replica.”

“I’ll show you the pictures of the steps and try “Yes Ma’am”
to arrange them in chronological order. Is that
clear?
 “Ma’am the correct process starts from
letter a to c.”

“Excellent! The first step is, an enzyme

helicase breaks the bond between nitrogenous
bases. Then it split.”

“Next is where the bases attached to each

strand then pair up with the free nucleotides
found in the cytoplasm”

“Based on the picture would you please “The complementary nucleotides are
describe the last process?” added to each strand and new DNA
molecules, each with a parent strand and
each with a new strand are formed.”
“Very Good! Now observe the pictures and tell
me what is the next process in Central Dogma.”

“It is transcribing Ma’am.”

“Okay, or in another word transcription, it is a

process by which the DNA is copied to RNA”

“With the same thing we did on replication will

someone try to arrange the steps or process
taking place in transcription?”

“Initiation is the first, followed by

elongation and last is the termination.”

“Precisely! The first step is where ribonucleic

acid polymerase enzyme binds and open DNA
molecule that will be transcribed.”

“The next picture shows the process, would “As the DNA molecule opens, the RNA
someone describe.” polymerase links free RNA nucleotide s
that pair with the nitrogenous bases of the
complementary DNA strand.”
“And for the last step, the molecule breaks
away as the DNA strands rejoin. The RNA
leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm.

“Before we continue, let’s have an activity to

understand the last process in Central Dogma.”

(Explaining of activity…)
C2. Activity Proper

(Refer to the attached activity sheet)

(The students are performing their activity while the teacher is facilitating.)

After 15 minutes

C3. Presentation of the data

(The students will answer the following guide questions.)

C4. Post-Activity Discussion

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional
Materials

“Based on the activity, what are the types of

RNA” “tRNA and mRNA”

“Correct! But there is another one which is

rRNA or ribosomal RNA.”

“What is the last process in Central Dogma

based on the picture.”

“Translation”
PowerPoint
Presentation

“Now arrange the following steps in

translation.”

“The first picture is the first step then it

goes from second to third.”

“Very Good!”
“As Translation begins, mRNA binds to a
ribosome. The tRNA molecules, each carrying
a specific amino acid, approach the ribosome.”

“The first codon on mRNA, which is the

methionine signal the starts of protein
synthesis.” “A new tRNA molecule carrying an
amino acid pair with the second mRNA
“What do you think is the next procedure?” codon”

“Peptide bond form in the first and second

amino acid”
“Molecules that combine to form protein.”
“What is amino acid?”

“For the last step, a chain of amino acids is

formed until the ribosome reaches a stop codon
on the mRNA strand. The polypeptide chain is
released. Protein synthesis is complete.”
“Because it denotes that the protein is in
“Why it is important to have a stop codon?” full size and can start for a new protein
synthesis”

“It is the building block of life and many

“How important protein in our body?” cellular process needs it.”

C5. Generalization
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional
Materials
“To sum up our topic for today, I have here a song with the tune of nasaan si tatay.”

Central Dogma, Central Dogma

DNA, DNA, DNA makes RNA PowerPoint
RNA makes protein Presentation
Transcription, Translation

C6. Application
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional
Materials

“Answer this graphic organizer about our topic for today.”

Graphic
Organizer
 C7. VALUING
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Instructional
Materials

Explain the statement below.

“Our God is the God of order. For He (the students will raise their answers and
made sure that everything is done properly opinion)
and in order.”

IV. EVALUATION

A. Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Write T if the statement is correct and F if
not.

1. Helicase unzip the DNA in the process of replication.

2. Proteins can be only synthesized in the body.
3. tRNA serve as base in translation that has stop and start codon.
4. DNA is a double helix strand.
5. In DNA, Uracil is paired with Thymine.

B. Directions: Answer the following questions with at least five sentences.

1. In your own words explain the process of transcription and translation and state their importance.

2. How important the information of DNA in protein synthesis?

V. AGREEMENT

1) Research about mutation and genetic engineering and answer the following questions.
a) Define mutation.

b) What are the positive and negative effect of genetic engineering?

Science 10
Central Dogma

RELAY THE MESSAGE: TRANSLATION

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:
1. Make a model of the translation process.
2. Simulate the steps in translation.
II. MATERIALS:
Crayons
Colored paper
1/8 size of illustration board or long size folder.
Scissors
Paste/Tape
III. PROCEDURE:
1. Use the patterns of the components of the DNA and RNA.
Blue- deoxyribose sugar green-ribose sugar
Yellow- adenine orange- uracil
Violet- guanine red- cytosine
Green- amino acid
2. Cut out the shapes of each nucleotide.
3. Using the same model of DNA last activity, use the patterns of the components of the RNA.
4. Cut out the shapes of each nucleotide of RNA.
5. With your DNA model, pull apart the DNA model.
6. Using the right strand of the DNA model, begin matching complementary RNA nucleotides with
the exposed bases on the DNA model to make mRNA.
7. Tape the RNA nucleotides.
8. Fasten molecule together using clear tape. Imagine that mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves out to the
cell’s ribosomes. Meanwhile, tRNA is present in the cell cytoplasm that has a three base sequence that
can match with the bases of mRNA.
9. Join the tRNA molecules to the mRNA model,
10. Tape model of the translation process on the illustration board or folder.

IV. GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

2. How does tRNA molecule carrying its amino acid recognize which codon to attach?

3. Why is it is important that a stop codon be part of protein synthesis?

VI. CONCLUSION: