Exercise Problem #1:

For Laminar flow condition, what minimum size of pipe will deliver 6 liters/s
of oil having a kinematic viscosity of 6.10 x 10-6 m2/s.

Solution:
𝑄
𝑄
𝐷 π 2𝐷 4𝑄
𝑉𝐷 𝐴 4𝐷 π𝐷 4𝑄
Re = = = = =
ν ν ν ν π𝐷 ν
4𝑄
Re =
π𝐷 ν
4𝑄
D= ; For Laminar flow, Re = 2000
π ν Re
4(0.006)
D=
π (6.10 𝑥 10^−6)(2000)

D = 0.6316 m

Used: D = 0.64 m
Exercise Problem #2:
Oil with a dynamic viscosity of 0.10 Pa.s and specific
gravity of 0.85 flow through a 3000 m of 30 cm cast-iron pipe at
the rate of 44 litres/s. Find the head loss due to friction.
Solution:
Given : μ = 0.10 Pa.s D = 30 cm = 0.30 m
s.g. = 0.85 Q = 44 li/s = 0.044 m3/s
𝑉𝐷ρ
Re =
μ
ρ = 0.85(1000) = 850 kg/m3
𝑄 0.044
V= = 𝐴
π
0.3 2
= 0.622 𝑚/𝑠
4
0.622(0.30)(850)
Re = = 1587 < 2000 − 𝐿𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟
0.10
64 64
f= = = 0.040
𝑅𝑒 1587
𝐿 𝑣2 3000 0.622 2
HL = hf = f = 0.040 ( )( )
𝐷 2𝑔 0.30 2(9.81)

hf = 7.89 m
Exercise Problem #3:
Determine the type of flow occurring in a 30 cm diameter pipe when:
a) water at 600F (ν = 1.13 x 10-6 m2/s) flows at a velocity of 1 m/s
b) heavy oil at 600F (ν = 2.05 x 10-4 m2/s) flows at a velocity of 1 m/s
Solution: 𝑉𝐷 1(0.30)
a) Re = ν
=
1.13 x 10−6 m2/s

Re = 265, 486 > 2000 ( Turbulent )

𝑉𝐷 1(0.30)
B) Re = ν
=
2.05 x 10−4 m2/s

Re = 1, 463 < 2000 ( Laminar )

 PIPES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL

(A) Series A B C D
Q Q
1 2 3

(1) Total head loss = hf1 + hf2 + hf3

(2) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 2

(B) Series and Parallel 1

3 5

A B C D
4

(1) Total head loss = hf1 + hf3 + hf5

(2) hf2 = hf3 = hf4
(3) Q1 = Q2 + Q3 + Q4
(4) Q1 = Q5
Exercise Problem #19
Determine the discharged through three new
cast-iron pipes connected in series, having the diameters
as shown in the figure. The total frictional loss, excluding
minor losses is 5 J/N. Use n=0.011 for all pipes.
400 m 600 m
300 m
Q Q
1 2 3
15 cm Ǿ 20 cm Ǿ 25 cm Ǿ
Solution: 10.30 𝑛2 𝐿 𝑄2
hf = In terms of discharge
𝐷16/3

Total head loss = hf1 + hf2 + hf3

10.30 0.011 2 (300) 𝑄12 10.30 0.011 2 (400) 𝑄22 10.30 0.011 2 (600) 𝑄32
5= + +
(0.15)16/3 (0.20)16/3 (0.25)16/3

5 = 9,266.67 Q12 + 2,663.93 Q22 + 1,215.52 Q32

Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3
5 = 9,266.67 Q2 + 2,663.93 Q2 + 1,215.52 Q2
Q = 0.020 m3/s or 20 liters/s
Exercise Problem
The discharge of the pipe system shown in the figure is 440 liters/s.
Determine the head loss from A to D. Use f=0.020 for all pipes
600 m 2

30 cm Ǿ
Q= 440 li/s 1000 m 500 m 3 1200 m
1 5
A 75 cm Ǿ B 25 cm Ǿ C 90 cm Ǿ D
800 m 4
Solution: 0.083 𝑓𝐿 𝑄2
40 cm Ǿ
hf = 𝐷5
hf2 = hf3 = hf4
0.083 0.02 (600) 𝑄22 0.083 0.02 (500) 𝑄32 0.083 0.02 (800) 𝑄42
= =
(0.30)5 (0.25)5 (0.40)5
409.88 Q22 = 849.92 Q32 = 129.69 Q42
Q3 = 0.694 Q2
Q4 = 1.778 Q2
Q1 = Q2 + Q3 + Q4
0.440 = Q2 + 0.694 Q2 + 1.778 Q2
Q2 = 0.127 m3/s 0.083 0.02 (1200) (0.44)2
hf5 = = 0.653 𝑚
0.083 0.02 (600) (0.127)2 (0.90)5
hf2 = = 6.611 𝑚
(0.30)5 HL = hf1+ hf2 + hf5 = 1.354 + 6.611 + 0.653
2
0.083 0.02 (1000) (0.44)
hf1 = (0.75)5
= 1.354 𝑚 HLA-D = 8.618 m
Determine the flow in each pipe in the network shown.
Use the Manning equation with n =0.011.

L1 = 1200m
L2 = 900m
L3 = 1500m
D1 = 30cm
D2 = 20cm
D3 = 15cm

Solution:
10.30 𝑛2 𝐿 𝑄2
hf = 𝐷16/3

10.30 (0.011)2 (1200) 𝑄12

hf1 = = 918.5 𝑄12 Eq.(1)
(0.30)16/3

10.30 (0.011)2 (900) 𝑄22

hf2 = = 5988 𝑄22 Eq.(2)
(0.20)16/3

10.30 (0.011)2 (1500) 𝑄32

hf3 = (0.15)16/3
= 46288 𝑄32 Eq.(3)
To determine direction Q2, assume first that Q2 = 0

hf1 = 6 m

hf3 = 9 m
Q1

Q3
In the Figure:
hf1 = 6 Subst. to Eq.(1)

6 = 918.5 Q12
Q1 = 0.08 m3/s

hf3 = 9 Subst. to Eq.(3)

9 = 46288 Q32
Q3 = 0.014 m3/s

Since Q1 > Q3, the flow Q2 is towards B

 hf1 6m
hf2
hf3
9m
Q1

Q3

hf1 + hf2 = 6
918.5 Q12 + 5988 𝑄22 = 6
𝑄2 = 0.001 − 0.153 𝑄12 Eq.(4)

hf1 + hf3 = 15
918.5 Q12 + 46288 𝑄32 = 15
𝑄3 = 0.00032 − 0.0198 𝑄12 Eq.(5) 𝑄2 = 0.001 − 0.1534 (0.044)2
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q2 = 0.027 m3/s
Q1 = 0.001 − 0.1534 𝑄12 + 0.00032 − 0.0198 𝑄12
𝑄3 = 0.00032 − 0.0198 (0.044)2
Q1 = 0.044 m3/s
Q3 = 0.017 m3/s