Clavicle (collarbone)

CLAVICLE
First Aid Treatment
1. Help the victim to sit down and ask him to support his elbow on the
affected side with the other hand.
2. Loosen any items of clothing that may be adding to the discomfort,
such as a tight collar or bra strap.
3. Gently place the affected arm diagonally across the chest, with the
fingertips on the opposite shoulder.
4. Ask the patient to move the elbow outwards slightly so that you can slip
some soft padding – such as a folded towel or item of clothing –
between his arm and chest wall.
5. Support the affected arm with an elevation sling. If a sling is not
available, improvise with a scarf or other piece of fabric.
6. Secure the sling in place with a broad bandage around the affected arm
and the trunk – tie the knot over the arm on the uninjured side.
7. Arrange transport to a hospital or urgent care centre
Humerus (upper arm bone)
First aid for all limbs

 Stop any bleeding: If they’re bleeding, elevate and

apply pressure to the wound using a sterile
bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean piece of clothing.
 Immobilize the injured area: If you suspect
they’ve broken a bone in their neck or back, help
them stay as still as possible. If you suspect they’ve
broken a bone in one of their limbs, immobilize the
area using a splint or sling.
 Apply cold to the area: Wrap an ice pack or bag of
ice cubes in a piece of cloth and apply it to the
injured area for up to 10 minutes at a time. And
elevate above heart level if possible.
 Treat them for shock: Help them get into a
comfortable position, encourage them to rest, and
reassure them. Cover them with a blanket or
clothing to keep them warm.
 Get professional help: Call 911 or help them get
to the emergency department for professional care
Rib Fracture
First aid for fractured ribs (for one break in
rib)
 Sit the person down
 check for any open injuries to the chest and
treat
 place the arm on the affected side into
an elevation sling
 observe for any breathing problems
 seek medical aid immediately

Flail Chest first aid (2 or more breaks per rib)

(two or more contiguous rib fractures with two or more
breaks per rib)

First aid for a flail chest

 call for emergency medical help
 check for any open injuries to the chest
 check for other injuries: if major trauma, do not
move the patient unless they are unconscious
(to place them into the recovery position)
Femur Fracture (thighbone)

 If the broken bone is the result of major trauma or injury,
call 911 or your local emergency number.

 Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to the wound with a
sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing.
 Immobilize the injured area. Don't try to realign the bone or
push a bone that's sticking out back in. If you've been trained
in how to splint and professional help isn't readily available,
apply a splint to the area above and below the fracture sites.
  For that purpose you need two firm boards or sticks along
the leg, suitably padded, one on the inside and one along
the leg and the body on the outside.
 Any soft material such as clothing, blankets, etc. can be
used as emergency padding.
 The splints should then be kept in place by bandages
around both splints and the leg as well as the body.
 Suitably splinted, the patient can be transported to the
chosen hospital facility.
 If no boards are available some stabilization can be
achieved by splinting the fractured leg to the uninjured leg,
with padding in between.
  For that purpose you need two firm boards or sticks along
the leg, suitably padded, one on the inside and one along
the leg and the body on the outside.

 Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve
pain. Don't apply ice directly to the skin. Wrap the ice in a
towel, piece of cloth or some other material.
Proximial Femur Fracture (hip)

1. Call 911. Do CPR, if Necessary ,If the person is not breathing or

you can't find a pulse, start CPR.
2. Protect From Further Injury - Keep the person lying on their back,

Tie legs together at ankle and knee. Legs may be straight or bent.

3. Immobilize Leg -If you have been trained in how to apply a splint,
do it.

 Secure leg with stiff padding, such as wadded-up blankets or

towels, held in place with heavy objects. Padding should extend
above the hip and below the knee.
 If no materials are available, place one hand behind the
person’s knee and your other arm along the top of the thigh, so
your hand is just below the pelvic area.
Radius and ulna (lower arm)
First Aid for radius and ulna

LOOK AT HUMERUS PAGE-SAME AS IT

But add…
-Elevate the arm above the heart, if possible to
reduce swelling -----(note: add with ice part)

-Cut away the sleeve if it cannot be removed

without moving the injured arm. (before
immobalizingg)
Tibia and Fibula (lower leg)
First Aid for tibia and fibula

LOOK AT HUMERUS FIRST AID

For closed fracture

Or LOOK AT COMPOUND FRACTURE

PAGE FOR OPEN FRACTURES
Ankle Fracture (Distil Fibula and Tibia)
First aid for ankle fractures

Call 911 if the person:

 Is bleeding uncontrollably
 Has a numb, cold, pale, or blue ankle/foot
 Is unable to move the foot
 Is in shock (faint, pale, with rapid shallow breathing)

1. Leave Protruding Bone Alone

 If a bone has broken through the skin, don't push it back into place. Cover the area
with a clean bandage and seek immediate medical attention.

2. Stop Bleeding

 Apply steady, direct pressure with a cloth for 15 minutes and elevate the wound.
If blood soaks through, apply another cloth over the first and seek immediate
medical attention.

3. Control Swelling

 Remove ankle bracelets or toe rings.

If medical attention is not immediately available, apply RICE therapy:

 Rest ankle by having the person stay off of it. Use crutches if necessary.

 Ice area. Use an ice pack or wrap the ice in a clean cloth. Do not place ice directly
against the skin.

 Compress by wrapping ankle lightly (not tightly) with an "ace" bandage or elastic
ankle brace. Do not try to align the bones.

 Elevate ankle above heart level.

4. Manage Pain and Inflammation

 Give an over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen or aspirin. Avoid

ibuprofen and other NSAIDs if the person has heart failure or kidney failure. Do NOT
give aspirin to anyone ages 18 or younger.
Wrist fractures (Distal Radius and
scaphoid)
Treatment for a Distal Radius Fracture

1.Immobilize the wrist with a splint or brace.

The splint is folded double,  and then carefully laid under the injured arm. The
splint is now tied loosely to the arm using a gauze or elastic bandage to fix it in
place.

2.Elevate the wrist above the level of the heart

using a sling
3.Use ice therapy for 5 to 10 minutes every hour,
which can ease swelling and dull pain signals.
Scaphoid fracture x ray (wrist)
Scapula (Shoulder blade)
First aid for scapula

 Immobilize the arm immediately. Don't move it.

This can be accomplished with a sling looped over
the neck and the bent elbow, which holds the
affected arm close to the body.
 Apply ice to the area to reduce swelling and
discomfort.
 Apply ice for 20 minutes at a time, and avoid direct
contact of the ice to the skin.
 Go to the emergency department for evaluation if
you experience the following:
o Severe pain or deformity of the shoulder
o Inability to move the shoulder or arm
o Weakness, numbness, or persistent tingling in
the injured arm
Metatarsals (feet bones)
FIRST AID FOR METATARCAL FRACTURE
Call 911 if:
 The person is seriously injured.
 Bone is sticking out of skin.
 Bleeding doesn't stop after several minutes of firm
pressure.
 Blood spurts from the wound.
1. Stop Bleeding if Necessary
 Apply pressure to wound area with a clean cloth until
bleeding stops.

 If the bone is pushing through the skin, do not touch it

or try to put it back in place.
2. Control Swelling
 Apply ice.

 Elevate the foot and have the person stay off it as much
as possible.
3. Get Medical Help Immediately
 See a health care provider. Foot injuries can develop
into long-lasting problems if they go untreated.
METACARPALS
First aid treatment for Metacarpals
Control any bleeding by placing a clean cloth or gauze
pad over the wound and apply direct pressure.

As soon as the injury has occurred, apply ice wrapped in

a towel to the injured area to decrease pain and reduce
swelling.

Remove any jewelry immediately. The hand may swell

dramatically, and jewelry will be almost impossible to
remove after the swelling has started. Jewelry on the
hand may have to be cut off by a healthcare practitioner
if there is a chance that it will impede the circulation of
the fingers.

Contact a doctor, who will often refer the injured person

to an emergency department, orthopedist, or hand
specialist for diagnosis and treatment.

If the hand is obviously deformed, try to support the

injured hand by placing it on a pillow and carrying the
pillow to the hospital or doctor's office.
PHALANGES (fingers and toes)
FIRST AID FOR FINGER-PHALANGES

Broken fingers should be treated by medical professionals; however, a

person can minimize some pain and stabilize the injury on the way to
seek medical treatment.

 To reduce swelling and bruising, apply ice to the injured finger on

the way to an emergency department. Do not apply ice directly to
the skin; put a towel between the ice and the finger.
 Make a splint to immobilize the finger. A Popsicle stick or pen may
be placed next to the broken finger, and then wrap something
around the stick and the finger to hold it in place. Wrap loosely - if
the finger is wrapped too tightly it can cause additional swelling
and may cut off circulation to the injured digit.
 Keep the injured finger elevated.
 Remove all rings or jewelry from the affected hand before swelling
occurs.

FIRST AID FOR TOES-PHALANGES

1. Prevent Swelling and Further Injury

 Stay off the foot as much as possible.

 Avoid movement or pressure that causes pain.
 Apply ice up to 20 minutes at a time. Wrap it in a towel; do
not apply directly to skin.
 Keep the foot elevated as often as possible, especially the
first 2 days after injury, to help control pain and swelling.
 For pain, take acetaminophen (Tylenol)
or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

2. Get Help

 If you have severe pain, can’t walk, the toe looks bent or
deformed, or the pain lasts for a long time, see a doctor.
VERTEBRAE (spine)

SKULL FRACTURES
FIRST AID FOR SKULL FRACTURE

Call emergency services immediately

Administer the following first-aid steps while
waiting for emergency medical help to arrive:

Keep the person still. The injured person should lie

down with the head and shoulders slightly
elevated. Don't move the person unless
necessary, and avoid moving the person's neck. If
the person is wearing a helmet, don't remove it.
Stop any bleeding. Apply firm pressure to the
wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth. But don't
apply direct pressure to the wound if you suspect a
skull fracture.
Watch for changes in breathing and alertness. If
the person shows no signs of circulation — no
breathing, coughing or movement — begin CPR.
DISLOCATIONS
FINGER DISLOCATION

First aid on dislocation page

Toe dislocation
ELBOW DISLOCATION

SHOULDER DISLOCATION
Knee dislocation

FIRST AID FOR JOINTS ON JOINT

DISLOCATION PAGE
HIP DISLOCATION

First aid for hip dislocation

ON JOINT DISLOCATION PAGE

Or if no pain is felt try excercises for hip

Butterfly stretches

Side lunge

Pigeon pose