Tutorial Letter 101/3/2018: General Chemistry 1A
Tutorial Letter 101/3/2018: General Chemistry 1A
Tutorial Letter 101/3/2018: General Chemistry 1A
General Chemistry 1A
CHE1501
Semesters 1 and 2
Chemistry Department
BARCODE
CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 3
2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES ....................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Outcomes ....................................................................................................................................... 3
3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS .................................................................................. 4
3.1 Lecturer(s) ...................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Department ..................................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 5
4 RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................ 5
4.1 Prescribed books ............................................................................................................................. 5
4.2 Recommended books ....................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves) ......................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Library services and resources information ......................................................................................... 6
5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES ................................................................................................. 7
6 STUDY PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 8
7 PRACTICAL WORK AND WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING ................................................ 11
8 ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................ 11
8.1 Assessment criteria ........................................................................................................................ 11
8.2 Assessment plan ............................................................................................................................ 26
8.3 Assignment numbers ..................................................................................................................... 27
8.3.1 General assignment numbers .......................................................................................................... 27
8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers ........................................................................................................... 27
8.4 Assignment due dates .................................................................................................................... 28
8.5 Submission of assignments ............................................................................................................. 28
8.6 The assignments ............................................................................................................................ 30
8.7 Other assessment methods .............................................................................................................. 84
8.8 The examination............................................................................................................................ 84
9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 85
10 SOURCES CONSULTED ............................................................................................................ 86
11 IN CLOSING .............................................................................................................................. 86
12 ADDENDUM .............................................................................................................................. 86
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Dear Student
1 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the subject General Chemistry 1A. I trust that you will find this module both stimulating and
personally enriching.
2.2 Outcomes
The Learning Outcomes for General Chemistry are: to understand the molecular nature of all phases of
matter, to understand the various ways of depicting chemical compounds and chemical reactions, to
develop an ability to solve basic quantitative problems regarding the properties of molecules, chemical
equilibria, and chemical kinetics, and to develop the ability to appropriately apply this knowledge to
general scientific problems in various fields of science and engineering.
Explain and apply principles related to the foundations of chemistry, atomic structure and the
periodic table.
Explain and apply basic principles of Quantum Chemistry and Periodicity.
Apply chemical bonding and bonding theories.
Explain acid-base theories, and analyse, compare and balance different types of chemical
reactions.
Apply principles of stoichiometry and the mole concept.
Define and calculate various expressions of concentrations.
Explain and demonstrate how collision theory and energy considerations affect the rate of
reactions.
Explain and apply basic chemical equilibrium concepts
Apply concepts relating to acid-base equilibrium and perform relevant calculations.
Apply thermo-chemical principles (temperature, heat and energy) when analysing substances.
Define and evaluate the gaseous state and the Gas Laws.
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3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS
3.1 Lecturer(s)
The following lecturer will be responsible for this module.
Mr M G Smith
Unisa Science Campus, Florida
Eureka Building, K-M-007
Tel: (011) 670-9314
E-mail: smithm2@unisa.ac.za
Unisa is dedicated to service. Students are advised to resend their queries to the respective lecturers and
then carbon copy the Chair of Department (mphahmj@unisa.ac.za) on queries that are not addressed by the
lecturers within 3 working days.
3.2 Department
If you have any problem in contacting your lecturer you may contact the secretary on
(011) 670-9318 or (011) 670-9327 and leave a message for the relevant lecturer.
Should you prefer to write to me, the letter should be sent to:
The CHE1501 Lecturer
Department of Chemistry
Private Bag X 6
UNISA (Florida Campus)
1710
Alternatively, you can e-mail the secretary on chemistry@unisa.ac.za.
If you want to contact me via e-mail, please make sure that you give us the module code and your student
number. Lecturers work on a number of modules each, and we many get e-mails to which we must reply:
"Which module are we talking about?" Also make sure that your subject line is descriptive, like "CHE1501
- Query about Assignment 2". If your subject is something like "hello", your message may be viewed as
junk e-mail by the system and deleted before it even gets to us.
All queries that are not of a purely administrative nature but are about the content of this module should be
directed to us.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
3.3 University
If you need to contact the University about matters not related to the content of this module, please
consult the publication my Studies @ Unisa that you received with your study material. This booklet
contains information on how to contact the University (e.g. to whom you can write for different
queries, important telephone and fax numbers, addresses and details of the times certain facilities are
open).
Always have your student number at hand when you contact the University.
4 RESOURCES
4.1 Prescribed books
READ THIS ENTIRE SECTION CAREFULLY BEFORE BUYING THE PRESCRIBED BOOK
The prescribed book and material that must be purchased for this module is as follows:
Publisher: Pearson
IMPORTANT!!!: Please ensure that you purchase the book with MasteringChemistry® access, as
this is required to complete your assignments. The same edition is also sold without
MasteringChemistry®, so please be extra careful that you do not purchase the wrong one.
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The UNISA chemistry pack can be purchased at the following bookshops:
Van Schaiks, Protea, Juta, Armstrong and on-line at http://www.takealot.com:
http://www.takealot.com/chemistry-13th-edition-the-central-science-with-
masteringchemist/PLID32856971
The University does not provide copies of this book. Students are expected to obtain their own copies. As
most of the study material for this module is included in this book, it is essential to have access to a copy.
Chemistry & chemical reactivity : John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John R. Townsend, David A. Treichel.,
9th edition, Cengage Learning, ISBN: 9781133949640
Note that the recommended book covers the same concepts and topics as the prescribed book, and is not
compulsory. Some students simply prefer a different author’s style to the prescribed book, and some topics
are explained in a different way which may aid your understanding.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
The online tutorials are conducted by qualified e-tutors who are appointed by Unisa and their services are
offered free of charge. All you need to be able to participate in e-tutoring is a computer with internet
connection. If you live close to a Unisa regional Centre or a Telecentre contracted with Unisa, please feel
free to visit any of these to access the internet. E-tutoring takes place on myUnisa where you are expected
to connect with other students in your allocated group and on the myUnisa discussion forum. It is the role
of the e-tutor to guide you through your study material during this interaction process. For you to get the
most out of online tutoring, you need to participate in the online discussions that the e-tutor will be
facilitating.
myUNISA
You can quickly access resources and information at the University on the internet. The myUnisa system
is Unisa’s online campus that will help you communicate with other students, your lecturers and the
administrative departments of the University.
To go to the myUnisa website, start at the main Unisa website, http://www.unisa.ac.za and then click on
the ‘Login to myUnisa’ link on the right-hand side of the screen. This should take you to the myUnisa
website. You can also go there directly by typing in http://my.unisa.ac.za.Please consult the publication my
Studies @ Unisa which you received with you study material for more information on myUnisa.
The module CHE1501 has an active discussion forum on myUNISA. Many resources are made available
throughout the year, and these are not necessarily posted to students. We have found that students who use
myUNISA regularly for this module perform much better than those who do not.
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We recommend that you check in at myUNISA regularly for discussions, announcements and new
resources. myUNISA is where the lecturer talks about the material, drop hints about what is and what is not
important for exam purposes, set additional tasks to set you thinking more deeply about the material – the
sort of thing you would get in class if this was a contact university.
Discussion classes
If discussion classes are arranged for this module, you will receive a separate tutorial letter with the relevant
information soon after registration.
6 STUDY PLAN
First semester
Assignment 1 is a multiple choice assignment and is based on study units 1-6.
Assignment 2 is a multiple choice assignment and is based on study units 7-11.
Assignment 3 is an online assignment to be done on MasteringChemistry. It contains four interactive tasks
with immediate feedback and hints and is extremely effective in getting students to understand the content
of this module. Task 1 is based on study units 1-2. Task 2 is based on study units 3 and 4. Task 3 is based
in study units 5, 6, 7 and 8. Task 4 is based on study units 9, 10 and 11. I would recommend doing the
MasteringChemistry Tasks simultaneously with assignments 1, 2 and 4, as they cover the same work, but
using a different teaching method. Thus, when you are finished assignments 1, 2 and 4, you should be
finishing assignment 3 on MasteringChemistry around the same time.
Assignment 4 is a self-assessment assignment which covers the longer type questions and explanation type
questions that cannot be easily covered by multiple choice or MasteringChemistry. It does not count
towards your semester mark but the questions covered are vital for your exam preparation, as the longer
questions in the exam will be similar to the type found in this assignment.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Compulsory!
Must be in by 19 March in order to gain admission to the
1 19 March
examination. This assignment counts 25% of your semester mark;
in other words, 7.5% of your final mark.
3 27 April your final mark, and it contains interactive tutorial questions, which
will be extremely effective in aiding your understanding of the
contents of this module.
Self-Assessment
Do not submit this assignment!
4 27 April This assignment is not compulsory and does not count towards your
final semester mark. However, it contains extremely important
material and questions which are examinable in the final exam.
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Second semester
Assignment 1 is a multiple choice assignment and is based on study units 1-6.
Assignment 2 is a multiple choice assignment and is based on study units 7-11.
Assignment 3 is an online assignment to be done on MasteringChemistry. It contains four interactive tasks
with immediate feedback and hints and is extremely effective in getting students to understand the content
of this module. Task 1 is based on study units 1-2. Task 2 is based on study units 3 and 4. Task 3 is based
in study units 5, 6, 7 and 8. Task 4 is based on study units 9, 10 and 11. I would recommend doing the
MasteringChemistry Tasks simultaneously with assignments 1, 2 and 4, as they cover the same work, but
using a different teaching method. Thus, when you are finished assignments 1, 2 and 4, you should be
finishing assignment 3 on MasteringChemistry around the same time.
Assignment 4 is a self-assessment assignment which covers the longer type questions and explanation type
questions that cannot be easily covered by multiple choice or MasteringChemistry. It does not count
towards your semester mark but the questions covered are vital for your exam preparation, as the longer
questions in the exam will be similar to the type found in this assignment.
Compulsory!
Must be in by 20 August in order to gain admission to the
1 20 August
examination. This assignment counts 25% of your semester mark;
in other words, 7.5% of your final mark.
Self-Assessment
Do not submit this assignment!
4 01 October
This assignment is not compulsory and does not count towards your
final semester mark. However, it contains extremely important
material and questions which are examinable in the final exam.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
8 ASSESSMENT
8.1 Assessment criteria
This section contains important information regarding the CHE1501 syllabus and examination:
The following tutorial letter details the complete syllabus for CHE1501 and what you need to do in order
to ace the examination.
The text book should be your primary study material. The syllabus which must be studied is detailed below.
This tutorial letter will guide you as to what depth you must learn the content in the textbook for the
examination. I have developed a comprehensive checklist for each study below. If you understand all your
assignment questions and answers, and you can say ‘yes’ to, and answer all the questions in the checklists
below (and learn the given equations), and you should be able to get very high marks in the exam.
To prepare for the exam, you should start with the checklists, and then read in the textbook all that is
necessary to answer the questions. i.e. to make sure that you understand the concepts. The tasks that were
set for you on Mastering Chemistry will test how well you understand these concepts.
The study guide is not the primary source of study material. It was written mainly to simplify topics in the
textbooks which students often have trouble understanding. It is therefore not designed to be a repetition of
the textbook and does not cover all the material in the course. The textbook and this tutorial letter should
be your primary guide to your studies, and the study guide should be considered an additional helpful
resource. Topics in the study guide which are not listed in the checklist below will not be directly examined
(although it may be necessary to understand these topics in order to answer questions in other study units).
Use this tutorial letter and the checklist below as the definitive guide as to what is or is not
examinable. If you have trouble with the textbook, then consult the relevant section in the study guide.
I did not give out specific page numbers or textbook sections to study because every student’s chemistry
background may be different, and for a student with little or no knowledge of chemistry, it may be necessary
to read a much larger section of the textbook in order to understand a topic than a student with a solid
background.
Finally, you should continually keep an eye on myUNISA for further study material, especially closer to
exam time, as I may be posting further material, such as a sample examination paper, or a last-minute exam
preparation tutorial letter before the exam.
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Study Unit 1 – Review of chemical foundations
Checklist:
Can you distinguish between atoms, elements and molecules? Can you explain what is meant by pure
substances, and distinguish between elements, compounds and mixtures?
Do you know understand what is meant by the terms atomic number, mass number, isotope, element and
ion?
Can you write nuclide symbols for ions, and determine how many protons, neutrons and electrons are in
any given element, isotope or ion?
Do you understand the concept of average atomic mass and can you calculate average atomic masses and
relative abundance of isotopes?
Can you name and write formulas for simple molecular and ionic compounds?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Checklist:
Can you draw the orbital diagram of any given atom and determine the number of paired and unpaired
electrons from the diagram?
Can you predict trends in atomic radii, electronegativity, ionization energy and electron affinity?
Can you distinguish between orbits and orbitals?
Can you name the classes and characteristics of groups on the periodic table (ie. alkali metals, halogens
etc.)?
Can you draw and identify the characteristic shapes for s and p orbitals?
Can you define the quantum numbers and relate them to the position of an electron?
Can you determine if a given set of quantum numbers is valid or not?
Do you know what is meant by valence and core electrons?
Do you know the relationship of valence electrons to the position of the elements in the periodic table?
Do you understand what is meant by effective nuclear charge?
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Study Unit 3 – Chemical bonding and bonding theories
Checklist:
Do you know the difference between ionic, polar-covalent, non-polar covalent, coordination (or dative
covalent) bonds and hydrogen bonds? Can you predict when each type will occur in bonding and identify
these bond types in any given molecule?
Do you understand valence electrons and the octet rule and can you determine how many valence
electrons there are in any given molecule?
Can you explain what is meant by bond polarity and dipole moment and identify these in a given
molecule?
Do you understand the properties of polar and non-polar solvents and the concept of 'like dissolves like.'
Can you predict the products in simple ionic/covalent reactions and write balanced equations for these
reactions?
Do you understand what is meant by hybrid orbitals, and can you predict the hybridization of the orbitals
in a given molecule?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Checklist:
Can you describe the common characteristics of chemical reactions such as combination, combustion,
decomposition, displacement, precipitation, neutralization, acid-base and redox reactions? Given a
reaction, can you determine the type?
Do you know the rules for determining oxidation numbers, and can you apply them to determine the
oxidation number of every atom in an ion or molecule?
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Study Unit 5 – Stoichiometry
n = m/M
Checklist:
Can you balance a reaction?
Can you calculate the mass percentage of an element in a compound?
Can you interconvert grams, moles and number of molecules using molar masses and Avogadro’s
number?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Checklist:
Can you define, calculate and express concentrations in terms of molarity, molality, mole fraction,
percentage composition, ppm and ppb and interconvert between them? Do you know when it is
appropriate to use each term?
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Study Unit 7 – Introductory kinetics Rates
Checklist:
Do you know which factors affect the rate and the rate constant in chemical reactions?
Can you determine the rate of a chemical reaction given times and concentrations?
Can you interpret the rate law and predict changes to the rate if the concentration of the reagents or other
factors are changed?
Can you explain the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous catalyst?
Can you describe the action of an enzyme and how it speeds up a biological reaction?
How does temperature affect the rate of a reaction? Is it different for an endothermic or exothermic
reaction?
Do you know and understand the Arrhenius equation? Can you determine the activation energy of a
reaction graphically?
Do you understand why rusting occurs and why salt and acid solutions increase the rate of rusting?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Checklist:
Do you understand what is meant by chemical equilibrium and how it relates to reaction rates? Can you
derive the equilibrium constant expression from the reaction rates?
Can you write the equilibrium constant expression for any reaction?
Do you understand the significance of the value of the equilibrium constant and how it relates to the
amounts of reactants and products in the equilibrium mixture?
Can you write the equilibrium constant expression for a heterogeneous equilibrium?
Can you calculate Kc from concentration measurements?
Do you understand how changing the concentrations, volume, pressure or temperature of a system at
equilibrium affects the equilibrium position? (Le Chatelier's Principle)
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Study unit 9 – Acid-bases equilibria
[H+ ]equilibrium
Kw = Ka × Kb pKa + pKb = 14 % Ionization = × 100%
[HA]initial
Checklist:
Can you define and identify Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acids and bases and identify conjugate
acid-base pairs?
Do you understand the autoionization of water and how [H3O+] and [OH-] are related?
Dou you understand the relationships between [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH? If you are given any one of
[H+], [OH-], pH and pOH, can you calculate the other three?
Do you understand the strengths of acids and bases and their conjugates, and are you able to predict how
these will react?
Can you calculate the pH or pOH of a strong acid or base given its concentration?
Can you calculate the percentage ionization of a weak acid or base?
Do you understand the relationship between Ka, Kb and Kw?
Do you understand what a titration and an endpoint mean?
Can you write solubility equilibria equations and calculate the solubility of partially soluble substances?
Can you determine the pH of a weak acid or base using ICE tables?
Can you explain how acid rain is formed, including the relevant chemical equations?
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Exam Checklist:
Do you understand the concept of enthalpy?
What information is contained in a thermochemical equation?
Do you understand fully the guidelines for using thermochemical equations? Can you apply this reasoning
to calculations?
Can you calculate the heat transferred in a process, given temperature measurements and heat capacities?
Do you know the difference between ‘heat capacity,’ ‘molar heat capacity’ and ‘specific heat capacity’ and
the units for each?
Do you understand ‘exothermic’ and ‘endothermic’ reactions? Would you consider the melting of ice to be
exothermic of endothermic? What is the sign of ∆H?
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Study Unit 11 – Gases
Checklist:
Do you know the conditions corresponding to STP?
Can you derive relations between sets of initial and final conditions from the ideal gas law?
Can you convert between atm, Torr, kPa and bar; L, mL and dm3; and °C and K
Can you calculate P, V, n or T using the ideal gas equation? Do you know which units to use in PV=nRT
calculations?
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COMPLETE SYLLABUS
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Study unit 5: Stoichiometry
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chemical equations and stoichiometry
5.3 Percentage composition of an element in a compound
5.4 The mole concept and Avogadro’s number
5.5 The empirical and molecular formulae of compounds
5.6 Limiting reagents and percentage yield
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
25
8.2 Assessment plan
As soon as you have received the commentaries, please check your answers. The assignments and the
commentaries on these assignments constitute an important part of your learning and should help you to be
better prepared for the examination.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
Semester mark
Assignment 1 and assignment 2 each make up 25% of your final semester mark. Assignment 3 contributes
50% to your semester mark. This semester mark will count for 30 % of the final mark for the examination.
For example, if you submit assignment 1 and get a mark of 70 %, assignment 2 for which you get 54 %,
and assignment 3 for which you get 80%, you will have earned a semester mark of 71 %, calculated as
follows:
70 % × 0.25 = 17.5 %
54 % × 0.25 = 13.5 %
80 % × 0.50 = 40.0 %
Total: 71 %
Then let's assume that you write the examination and get 50 %.
Your final mark is calculated as follows
Semester mark: 71 × 30 % = 21 %
Exam mark: 50 × 70 % = 35 %
Final mark: 21 % + 35 % = 56 %
In addition to the general assignment number (eg. Assignment 1), assignments each have a unique
assignment number which must be entered on your MCQ (multiple choice questions) answer sheet or on
your assignment cover. Make sure that you use the correct unique number.
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8.4 Assignment due dates
1 19 March 1 20 August
2 16 April 2 17 September
3 27 April 3 01 October
4 27 April 4 01 October
The closing dates for assignments 1, 2 and 3 are fixed - no extensions can be granted since these
assignments carry a year mark, and the solutions to the assignments are posted immediately after the closing
dates. Assignments reaching us after the closing dates will be awarded 0% which will seriously affect your
year-mark.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
For detailed information and requirements as far as assignments are concerned, see the brochure my
Studies @ Unisa that you received with your study material.
Should you encounter any problems in submitting an assignment on myUnisa, you may phone the following
number: (012) 429-3689 or contact the help line at: myUnisaHelp@unisa.ac.za
Assignments 1 and 2 are multiple choice assignments and should be submitted on myUnisa.
Assignment 3 should be done on MasteringChemistry. Shortly after the due date, the marks will be
automatically transferred to the myUnisa system. Please do not submit anything for assignment 3 on
myUnisa as this will confuse the system and you may end up with your assignment getting cancelled
and receiving a mark of 0%. Your marks on MasteringChemistry are automatically stored after you save
your work. There is no need to submit the assignment after you have completed it.
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8.6 The assignments
SEMESTER 1
NB: PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU HAVE READ THE STUDY PLAN ON PAGE 8 OF THIS
TUTORIAL LETTER BEFORE CONTINUING
Assignment 1 is a multiple choice assignment that consists of 50 questions, and must be completed
by the due date in order to gain admission to the exam.
Assignment 2 is multiple choice assignment that consists of 50 questions, and must be completed
by the due date in order to contribute to your semester mark
Assignment 3 is an online assessment comprised of 4 tasks to be completed on
MasteringChemistry®. Details of this assignment can be found on myUnisa. Assignment 3 requires
the use of a computer and internet access.
Assignment 4 is a self-assessment assignment. It must not be submitted. This assignment is not
compulsory and does not count towards your final semester mark. However, it contains extremely
important material and questions which are examinable in the final exam.
Assignments 1 and 2 have unique assignment numbers which must be written on your assignment cover
or entered on myUnisa when submitting the assignments. These are tabulated below:
UNIQUE NUMBERS
Assignment 1 667821
Assignment 2 761916
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
ASSIGNMENT 1
Due date: 19 March
(1) Copper sulphate can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. It is therefore
[1] a mixture
[2] an element
[3] an atom
[4] a compound
[5] an electron
[1] soil
[2] cake flour mixed with baking powder
[3] air
[4] pizza
[5] none of the above
(3) The mass of a metal cylinder was determined on an analytical balance to be 50.208 g. The volume
of a cylinder is measured and determined to be 5.6 mL. What is the density of a cylinder,
expressed to the proper number of significant figures?
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(4) Consider the species 72Zn, 75As and 74Ge. These species have:
(6) Suppose there is an element consisting of only three naturally occurring isotopes:
(7) A bottle containing a greenish substance was labelled ferric chlorate. The material in this bottle is
made up of
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(8) Which of the following orbital diagrams is impossible according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
1s 2s 2p
[1] __ __ _ _
[2]
[3] __ __ __
[4] _
[5] _ _
1s 2s 2p
[1] _ _
[2] _ _ _
[3] _
[4] All of the above
[5] None of the above
(11) When combining with nonmetallic atoms, metallic atoms generally will
(12) All of the following properties of the alkaline earth metals increase going down the group except
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(13) All of the following statements about different elements are true except
[1] 3s
[2] 2p
[3] 4d
[4] 4f
[5] All of the above.
(15) Which statement about the four quantum numbers which describe electrons in atoms is incorrect?
[1] n = 1, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = + ½
[2] n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = + ½
[3] n = 2, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = + ½
[4] n = 2, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = - ½
[5] n = 3, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = - ½
(17) The outer electronic configuration ns2np3 corresponds to which one of the following elements in its
ground state?
[1] S
[2] Ca
[3] Cr
[4] Br
[5] As
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(20) An example of a compound that contains an atom with an expanded octet of electrons is
[1] KBF4
[2] NH4Br
[3] SeF4
[4] NaIO4
[5] BF3
[1] 12
[2] 20
[3] 24
[4] 28
[5] 32
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(22) The following Lewis structure of urea is incomplete because it does not show the lone pairs:
O
C
H N N H
H H
Draw the lone pairs on the diagram. How many lone pairs of electrons should there be in the
Lewis structure?
[1] 2
[2] 3
[3] 4
[4] 5
[5] 8
(23) How many lone pairs of electrons are there in the Lewis structure of XeF4
[1] 2
[2] 4
[3] 6
[4] 12
[5] 14
(24) Draw the Lewis structure of SO3. The formal charge of the O atoms is
[1] +2
[2] +1
[3] 0
[4] -1
[5] -2
(25) In the AB4 molecule there are 2 lone pairs of electrons on the A atom. What is the shape of the
molecule?
[1] tetrahedral
[2] trigonal pyramidal
[3] bent
[4] square planar
[5] linear
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(26) Find a pair that are isoelectronic with one another and hence have the same geometry:
[1] IF5
[2] XeF4
[3] SF6
[4] PCl5
[5] CH4
(28) From your knowledge of solubility guidelines, state which of the following compounds will
precipitate in water?
(29) What is the net ionic equation for the acid-base reaction that occurs when acetic acid and potassium
hydroxide solutions are mixed?
(30) Which of the following species would not function as an oxidizing agent?
[1] MnO4-
[2] Mn2+
[3] H+
[4] S
[5] Br-
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(31) What type of reagent is required to convert SO2 to S?
[1] acid
[2] base
[3] reducing agent
[4] oxidizing agent
[5] precipitating agent
(32) Which of the following reactions involves neither oxidation nor reduction?
[1] 2H2O2 2H2O
[2] 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
[3] NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
[4] NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
[5] All of the above reactions involve both oxidation and reduction.
(35) How many moles of hydrogen atoms does one mole of (NH4)2SO4 contain?
[1] 1
[2] 2
[3] 4
[4] 8
[5] 15
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(38) What is the empirical formula of a compound whose molecular formula is P4O10?
[1] PO
[2] PO2
[3] P2O5
[4] P4O10
[5] P8O20
(39) What is the empirical formula for a compound which contains 0.0130 mol C, 0.390 mol H and 0.065
mol O?
[1] CHO
[2] CH5O2
[3] CH30O5
[4] CH39O6
[5] C2H60O10
(40) What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 17.34 % hydrogen and 82.66 % carbon
by mass?
[1] CH
[2] CH2
[3] CH3
[4] C2H5
[5] C5 H
39
Consider the following balanced reaction:
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
2 moles of Mg and 5 moles of O2 are allowed to react according to the above reaction. Answer questions
41-44 below for this reaction:
(41) Which reagent is the limiting reagent?
[1] Mg
[2] O2
[3] MgO
[4] There is no limiting reagent
[5] Both Mg and O2 are limiting reagents
(42) What is the maximum number of moles of MgO that can be formed?
[1] 1 mol
[2] 2 mol
[3] 5 mol
[4] 40.3 mol
[5] 80.6 mol
(44) If the actual mass of MgO produced was 0.5 mol, what is the percentage yield of MgO?
[1] 0.62%
[2] 1.2%
[3] 10%
[4] 25%
[5] 50%
(45) The value of a solution concentration unit that may change with temperature is
[1] molarity.
[2] mole fraction.
[3] molality.
[4] mole percentage.
[5] weight percentage.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
A solution is prepared by mixing 25 mL (0.22 mol, 16 g) of pentane (the solute) with 45 mL (0.34 mol, 30
g) of hexane (the solvent). Assuming that the volumes add on mixing, answer questions 46-48 below.
(49) If I prepare a solution by adding 25 mL of 2.0 M NaOH into a 500 mL volumetric flask, and filling
the flask to the mark with water, what will the final concentration of the solution be?
[1] 0.05 M
[2] 0.1 M
[3] 0.5 M
[4] 2.0 M
[5] 40.0 M
(50) 25.00 cm3 of a 0.7892 mol.dm-3 solution of potassium hydroxide is transferred to an empty 350.00
cm3 volumetric flask. This flask is made up to the mark with distilled water and then shaken well.
The concentration of the potassium hydroxide in this second flask is:
41
ASSIGNMENT 2
The experimental rate law for the reaction 2A + B → 3C + D is: Rate = k[A][B]3
Answer questions 3-4 that follow:
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
(5) For the reaction: O2 (g) + 2NO (g) ⇆ 2NO2 (g), the observed rate law is: Rate = k[O2][NO]2
What are the units of k for this reaction, assuming time in seconds and concentration in mol/L?
[1] s
[2] L.(mol.s)-1
[3] L2.(mol2.s)-1
[4] mol/L
[5] None of the above
[N2 O][NO2 ]
[2] Kc = [NO]
[N2 O][NO2 ]
[3] Kc =
3[NO]
43
(9) Consider the reaction:
If the value of the equilibrium constant is very large, which species will predominate at equilibrium?
[1] HF
[2] H+
[3] F-
[4] Both H+ and F-
[5] All species will have the same concentration.
[Ni][CO]4
[1] Kc = [Ni(CO)4 ]
[Ni][CO]
[2] Kc = [Ni(CO)4 ]
[CO]4
[3] Kc = [Ni(CO)4 ]
[4] Kc = [Ni][CO]4
(11) Which of the following will not affect the position of a chemical equilibrium?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
(12) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if some H2 (g) is removed?
(13) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if the temperature is increased?
(14) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if an inert gas is added?
(15) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if the volume of the container is increased?
(16) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if the pressure is increased?
[1] HCl
[2] NaCl
[3] LiOH
[4] KOH
[5] Mg2+
[1] Cl-
[2] SO42-
[3] F-
[4] NH3
[5] PO43-
[1] KOH
[2] KCl
[3] CH3OH
[4] CH3COOH
[5] HF
(22) As the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution increases, what will happen to the
hydroxide ion concentration?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
A solution has a pOH of 9.36. For this solution, answer questions 23-26 below.
[1] -2.36
[2] -0.97
[3] 4.37 x 10-10
[4] 2.36
[5] 4.64
[1] -0.67 M
[2] 4.37 x 10-10 M
[3] 2.29 x 10-5 M
[4] 4.37 x 10-4 M
[5] 0.67 M
[1] -0.67 M
[2] 4.37 x 10-10 M
[3] 2.29 x 10-5 M
[4] 4.37 x 10-4 M
[5] 0.67 M
[1] -1.30
[2] -0.60
[3] 0.60
[4] 1.30
[5] 7.00
47
(28) What is the pH of a 0.50 mol/L NaOH solution?
[1] -0.30
[2] 0.30
[3] 0.32
[4] 3.16
[5] 13.7
(29) What is the concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOH (a strong base) which has a pH of 11.50?
(30) What is the concentration of an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2 (a strong base) which has a pH of
12.05?
[1] -1.08 M
[2] 2.244 x 10-3 M
[3] 5.610 x 10-3 M
[4] 1.122 x 10-2 M
[5] 1.08 M
(31) Acetic acid, CH3COOH, is a weak acid. A 1.0 M solution of this acid has a pH of 2.38. What is the
Ka value of this acid?
[1] -4.1
[2] 6.3 x 10-14
[3] 1.7 x 10-5
[4] 4.2 x 10-3
[5] 6.4 x 10-2
(32) Lactic acid has one acidic proton. What is the pH of a 0.10 M solution of this acid?
(Ka = 1.4 x 10-4 for lactic acid.)
[1] 1.6
[2] 2.4
[3] 3.7
[4] 9.1
[5] 12.6
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[1] Kw = [OH-][H+]
[2] Kw = Ka x Kb
[3] pKw = pKa + pKb
[4] pKa + pKb = 14
[5] None of the above
[1] Normal rainwater is usually slightly acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide.
[2] Acid rain is usually caused by dissolved sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the
atmosphere.
[3] Burning coal for fuel is one of the primary causes of acid rain.
[4] Acid rain usually contains sulphuric acid.
[5] None of the above.
(35) What is the solubility of PbI2 in moles per liter? (Ksp = 1.4 x 10-8)
[1] H3PO4
[2] HCl
[3] CH3COOH
[4] HNO3
[5] BF3
(37) If ΔH = +32 kJ for a certain reaction, which of the following is true for that reaction?
[1] The reaction is exothermic.
[2] The reaction is endothermic.
[3] The reaction cannot occur.
[4] The reaction requires a catalyst to occur.
[5] None of the above.
(38) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1.00 g of copper 1°C is called its
[1] Enthalpy
[2] Specific heat
[3] Molar heat
[4] Molar heat capacity
[5] Potential energy
49
(39) The specific heat of nickel is 0.444 J/g.°C. If 85.0 J of heat are added to a 50.0 g piece of nickel at
22°C, what is the final temperature of the nickel?
[1] 18.2 °C
[2] 25.8 °C
[3] 29.1 °C
[4] 31.8 °C
[5] 78.3 °C
If the same amount of heat is added to 100 g samples of each of the metals which are all at the same
temperature, which metal will reach the highest temperature?
[1] Copper
[2] Cobalt
[3] Gold
[4] Silver
[5] They will all reach the same temperature
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(42) When concentrated sulphuric acid is diluted with water, the solution becomes warm. Therefore,
(43) What is the total number of joules of heat energy absorbed by 15 grams of water when it is heated
from 30 °C to 40 °C? (C(water) = 4.18 J/g.°C)
[1] 10 J
[2] 62 J
[3] 149 J
[4] 627 J
[5] 1327 J
(44) A gas sample occupies a volume of 400 mL at a pressure of 2.00 atm. If the pressure is changed to
20.0 atm while the temperature remains constant, the volume will be
[1] 0.5 mL
[2] 20 mL
[3] 40 mL
[4] 800 mL
[5] 4000 mL
(45) For a gas, which two variables are inversely proportional to each other (if all other conditions
remain constant)?
[1] Pressure and temperature
[2] Pressure and volume
[3] Volume and temperature
[4] Amount (number of moles) and volume
[5] Pressure, temperature and volume
(46) A 3.20 mol sample of a gas occupies a volume of 350 mL at 300.0 K. What is its pressure?
[1] 1.32 atm
[2] 67.0 atm
[3] 184 atm
[4] 225 atm
[5] 312 atm
51
(47) The density of N2 gas at 0°C and 2.00 atm is
(48) What is the partial pressure of oxygen in a container that contains 2.0 mol of oxygen, 3.0 mol of
nitrogen, and 1.0 mol of carbon dioxide when the total pressure is 900 Torr?
[1] 100 Torr
[2] 200 Torr
[3] 300 Torr
[4] 400 Torr
[5] None of the above
(49) A flask of 1.00 L contains a mixture of 1.00 g of hydrogen gas and 1.00 g of helium gas at 27°C.
What is the total pressure in the flask?
[1] 6.15 atm
[2] 12.2 atm
[3] 18.4 atm
[4] 22.1 atm
[5] None of the above
(50) The properties of a real gas are most likely to deviate from those properties predicted for an ideal
gas when
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
ASSIGNMENT 3
Due date: 27 April
IMPORTANT:
You will need two codes to access to MasteringChemistry and to do the assignment. The first code is the
access code, which you got when you bought the textbook, and the second is the course code, which is
given below:
To access MasteringChemistry, you must use the access code that came with the textbook that you
bought.
Once you have the access code and have finished registering for MasteringChemistry and already have
access to MasteringChemistry, then, you need to locate the course by entering the course code:
CHE1501S1Y2018
Any changes to the above will be announced on myUnisa, so it is important to check for announcements
regularly.
Once the due date for assignment 3 has passed, your mark on MasteringChemistry® will be automatically
transferred to the Unisa assignment system.
You may complete the 4 online tasks at your own pace, provided that you have completed all four tasks by
the due date. Your final mark for assignment 3 will be determined by your performance on the four tasks
that you have done on MasteringChemistry®.
If you have any questions regarding this assignment, please post your questions on the myUnisa
CHE1501 discussion forum in the forum called ASSIGNMENT 2.
53
ASSIGNMENT 4
(Self – Assessment Assignment)
Note: This assignment covers very important material and topics which are examinable in
the final exam.
(b) Explain the difference between a theory and a scientific law. Which addresses how matter
behaves, and which addresses why it behaves that way?
(2) Write the correct symbol, with both superscript and subscript for each the following:
(c) The isotope of sodium that has an equal number of protons and neutrons.
(3) Why is SnF2 named using a Roman numeral, tin (II) oxide, whereas MgO is named without a
Roman numeral, magnesium oxide?
(4) What is the difference between an orbit in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom and an orbital in
the quantum mechanical model?
(5) Explain, referring to sodium levels in the body, how drinking too much water can kill you.
Explain how electrolytes in sports drinks solve the problem when consuming large amounts of
liquid.
(6) Effective nuclear charge generally increases when you move down a column of the periodic table,
whereas the ‘size’ of an orbital increases as the principal quantum number n increases. With
respect to atomic radii, do these trends work together or against each other? Which effect is
larger?
(7) Ionizing an H2 molecule to H2+ changes the strength of the bond. Do you expect the H─H bond in
H2+ to be weaker or stronger than the H─H bond in H2?
(8) The rhodopsin molecule is the chemical basis of vision. Briefly explain how the rotation around a
carbon-carbon bond allows us to see.
(9) Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following, and assign oxidation
numbers and formal charges to each atom:
(a) OCS
(b) BrO3-
(c) NF3
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
(11) (a) Explain why BrF4- is square planar, whereas BF4- is tetrahedral.
(b) How would you expect the H―X―H bond angle to vary in the series H2O, H2S and
H2Se? Explain your answer
(12) Is water vapour more or less dense than N2 under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
(13) Determine the oxidation number of the underlined atom in each of the following species:
(a) Ni(OH)2-
(b) Na2O2
(c) FeCl63-
(d) Br2
(e) BrF4+
(14) Balance the following redox reactions by using the half-reaction method:
(b) Why does rusting occur faster in salt solution than pure water?
(c) Suggest why rusting also occurs faster in acid solution than in pure water
55
(16) What two ions are central to the Arrhenius definitions of acids and bases?
(17) Given that HClO4 is a strong acid, how would you classify the basicity of ClO4-?
(18) Briefly explain the chemistry behind the formation of smog in urban environments.
(19) (a) Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid, HOCl.
(Ka = 3.5 x 10-8)
(b) Calculate the pH of a 1.0 M solution of methylamine, CH3NH2. (Kb = 4.38 x 10-4)
(c) The Ksp value for copper (II) iodate, Cu(IO3), is Ksp = 1.4 x 10-7 at 25°C. Calculate its
solubility at 25°C.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
SEMESTER 2
NB: PLEASE MAKE SURE YOU HAVE READ THE STUDY PLAN ON PAGE 9 OF THIS
TUTORIAL LETTER BEFORE CONTINUING
Assignment 2: 17 September
Assignment 3: 01 October
Assignment 4: 01 October
Assignment 1 is a multiple choice assignment that consists of 50 questions, and must be completed
by the due date in order to gain admission to the exam.
Assignment 2 is multiple choice assignment that consists of 50 questions, and must be completed
by the due date in order to contribute to your semester mark
Assignment 3 is an online assessment comprised of 4 tasks to be completed on
MasteringChemistry®. Details of this assignment can be found on myUnisa. Assignment 3 requires
the use of a computer and internet access.
Assignment 4 is a self-assessment assignment. It must not be submitted. This assignment is not
compulsory and does not count towards your final semester mark. However, it contains extremely
important material and questions which are examinable in the final exam.
Assignments 1 and 2 have unique assignment numbers which must be written on your assignment cover
or entered on myUnisa when submitting the assignments. These are tabulated below:
UNIQUE NUMBERS
Assignment 1 874594
Assignment 2 693909
57
ASSIGNMENT 1
(3) 5.2 cm3 of a metal is found to weigh 46.6 g on a three decimal balance. What is the density of the
metal, expressed to the proper number of significant figures?
[1] 9 g/cm3
[2] 9.0 g/cm3
[3] 8.96 g/cm3
[4] 0.11 g/cm3
[5] 0.112 g/cm3
75 3−
(4) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in 33𝐴𝑠 ?
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
19
(5) The nuclear symbol of a species that is an isotope of F is
9
20
[1] F
9
20 +
[2] Ne
10
20
[3] Ne
10
19 −
[4] F
9
19 +
[5] F
9
69 71
(6) Only two gallium isotopes are naturally occurring, Ga (mass = 68.9256 amu) and Ga
(mass = 70.9247 amu). The atomic mass of gallium is 69.72. What percent of the gallium atoms
(% abundance) is the heavier isotope?
[1] 36 %
[2] 38 %
[3] 40 %
[4] 59 %
[5] 61 %
59
(9) Which of the following orbital diagrams represents a diamagnetic atom?
1s 2s 2p
[1]
[2] __ __ __
[3] _ _
[4] [1] and [2] only
[5] [1], [2] and [3]
(13) All of the following statements about different elements are true except
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
[1] 2s
[2] 3p
[3] 3d
[4] 4f
[5] All of the above.
(15) All of the following statements about the quantum numbers are true except
[1] n = 3, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = + ½
[2] n = 2, l = l, ml = 0, ms = + ½
[3] n = 3, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = + ½
[4] n = 2, l = 2, ml = -1, ms = - ½
[5] n = 2, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = - ½
(17) The outer electronic configuration ns2np4 corresponds to which one of the following elements in
its ground state?
[1] As
[2] Ca
[3] Cr
[4] Br
[5] S
[1] ionic
[2] polar covalent
[3] nonpolar covalent
[4] coordinate covalent
[5] bipolar
61
(19) Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
[1] ClF
[2] SO2
[3] NaCl
[4] SO3
[5] NaCN
(20) An example of a compound that contains an atom with an expanded octet of electrons is
[1] NaBF4
[2] NH4Cl
[3] SF4
[4] NaClO4
[5] BF3
[1] 8
[2] 24
[3] 26
[4] 30
[5] 32
(22) The following Lewis structure of acetic acid is incomplete because it does not show the lone pairs:
H O
H C C
O H
H
Draw the lone pairs on the diagram. How many lone pairs of electrons should there be in the
Lewis structure?
[1] 2
[2] 3
[3] 4
[4] 5
[5] 8
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
[1] +2
[2] +1
[3] 0
[4] -1
[5] -2
(25) The shape of a molecule is square planar. How many lone pairs of electrons are there on the
central atom?
[1] 1
[2] 2
[3] 3
[4] 4
[5] 5
(26) A species that is isoelectronic with the nitrate ion and hence would have the same shape is
[1] SF6
[2] PCl5
[3] BF3
[4] SF4
[5] CCl4
63
(28) From your knowledge of solubility guidelines, state which of the following compounds will
precipitate in water?
(29) What is the net ionic equation for the acid-base reaction that occurs when nitric acid is added to
copper(II) hydroxide?
(30) During a certain reaction, element X was converted to X2-. In the reaction, X acts as
(32) Which of the following reactions involves neither oxidation nor reduction?
[1] Cl2 + H2O HCl + HOCl
[2] 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
[3] 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO
[4] POCl3 + 3H2O H3PO4 + 3HCl
[5] 2H2O 2H2 + O2
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
[1] exothermic
[2] endothermic
[3] all reactions can occur spontaneously
[4] no reactions can occur spontaneously
[5] both [1] and [2]
(35) Avogadro’s number is 6.02 x 1023. Arrange the following samples in order of increasing number of
carbon atoms:
12g 12C; 1 mol C2H2; 9 x 1023 molecules
[1] 12g 12C < 1 mol C2H2 < 9 x 1023 molecules
[2] 12g 12C < 9 x 1023 molecules < 1 mol C2H2
[3] 1 mol C2H2 < 12g 12C < 9 x 1023 molecules
[4] 1 mol C2H2 < 9 x 1023 molecules < 12g 12C
[5] 9 x 1023 molecules < 12g 12C < 1 mol C2H2
(36) How many moles of hydrogen atoms does one mole of CuSO4·5H2O contain?
[1] 1
[2] 2
[3] 5
[4] 10
[5] 20
65
(38) Consider the balanced equation:
[1] 1.01 %
[2] 5.9 %
[3] 16.8 %
[4] 17.0 %
[5] 17.8 %
(40) What is the empirical formula of a compound whose molecular formula is S6O9?
[1] SO
[2] SO1.5
[3] S2O3
[4] S6O9
[5] S12O18
(41) What is the empirical formula for a compound which contains 0.104 mol K, 0.052 mol C and 0.156
mol O?
[1] KCO
[2] KCO2
[3] K2CO3
[4] K4C2O6
[5] K104C52O156
(42) What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 87.5 % nitrogen and 12.5 % hydrogen
by mass?
[1] N87H12
[2] NH4
[3] NH3
[4] NH2
[5] NH
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
[1] NaOH
[2] CO2
[3] Na2CO3
[4] There is no limiting reagent
[5] Both NaOH and CO2 are limiting reagents
(44) What is the maximum number of moles of Na2CO3 that can be formed?
[1] 1 mol
[2] 1.5 mol
[3] 2 mol
[4] 4 mol
[5] 6 mol
[1] 1 mol
[2] 1.5 mol
[2] 2 mol
[4] 2.5 mol
[5] No excess reagent remains unreacted
(46) If the actual mass of Na2CO3 produced was 0.5 mol, what is the percentage yield of Na2CO3?
[1] 0.62%
[2] 25 %
[3] 33.3 %
[4] 50 %
[5] 100 %
67
A solution is prepared by dissolving 50.0 g (0.297 mol) of cesium chloride (CsCl) in 50.0g (2.77 mol) of
water. The volume of the solution is 63.3 mL. For this solution, answer questions 47-49 below.
[1] 0.0968
[2] 0.107
[3] 0.790
[4] 9.68 %
[5] 10.7%
(50) If I prepare a solution by adding 75 mL of 1.25 M HCl into a 250 mL volumetric flask, and filling
the flask to the mark with water, what will the final concentration of the solution be?
[1] 0.10 M
[2] 0.30 M
[3] 0.38 M
[4] 1.3 M
[5] 4.2 M
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
ASSIGNMENT 2
Due date: 17 September
(1) Which statement explains why the speed of some chemical reactions is increased when the surface
area of the reactant is increased?
Rate = k[A][B]2
What is the overall order of this reaction?
[1] 0
[2] 1
[3] 2
[4] 3
[5] 4
Rate = k[A][B]2
If the concentration of B is doubled, what happens to the reaction rate?
[1] The reaction rate remains the same.
[2] The reaction rate is doubled.
[3] The reaction rate is tripled.
[4] The reaction rate will increase by 4 times.
[5] The reaction rate will decrease.
69
(4) The rate law for a second order reaction can be written as:
Rate = k[A]2.
What are the units of k for a second order reaction, assuming time in seconds and concentration in
mol/L?
[1] s
[2] L.(mol.s)-1
[3] L2.(mol2.s)-1
[4] mol/L
[5] None of the above
(5) Which of the following factors will affect the rate of a reaction?
[1] The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur is called the activation
energy.
[2] The rate of a reaction depends on the magnitude of the activation energy.
[3] A catalyst increases the rate constant in a reaction.
[4] The frequency of collisions is ultimately the only factor which affects the rate of a
reaction.
[5] None of the above.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
[H2 ][Br2 ]
[1] Kc =
[HBr]2
[H2 ][Br2 ]
[2] Kc = [HBr]
[HBr]2
[3] Kc = [H2 ][Br2 ]
2[HBr]
[4] Kc = [H2 ][Br2 ]
[HBr]
[5] Kc = [H2 ][Br2 ]
[1] H2
[2] Br2
[3] HBr
[4] Both H2 and Br2
[5] All species will have the same concentration.
[TiCl4 ]
[2] Kc = [Ti][Cl2 ]2
[TiCl4 ]
[3] Kc =
[Cl2 ]2
[TiCl4 ]
[4] Kc = [Cl2 ]
(11) Which of the following will not affect the position of a chemical equilibrium?
71
Consider the following exothermic reaction: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇆ 2NH3 (g)
For this reaction, answer questions 12-16 below.
(12) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if some more N2 (g) is added?
(13) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if the temperature is decreased?
(14) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if some helium gas is added?
(15) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if the volume of the container is increased?
(16) What will happen to the reaction mixture at equilibrium if the pressure is increased?
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[1] HCl
[2] BF3
[3] Ca2+
[4] HF
[5] NH3
[1] HNO3
[2] HF
[3] H2S
[4] CH3COOH
[5] HPO42-
[1] KOH
[2] HBr
[3] BF3
[4] NaBr
[5] NH3
(22) As the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution increases, what will happen to the
hydroxide ion concentration?
73
A solution has a pOH of 3.71. For this solution, answer questions 23-26 below.
[1] -1.01 M
[2] 5.13 x 10-11 M
[3] 1.95 x 10-4 M
[4] 1.01 M
[5] 1.95 x 1010 M
[1] -1.01 M
[2] 5.13 x 10-11 M
[3] 1.95 x 10-4 M
[4] 1.01 M
[5] 5.13 x 103 M
[1] -0.121
[2] 0.121
[3] 1.32
[4] 7.00
[5] None of the above
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[1] -0.80
[2] 0.80
[3] 11.16
[4] 13.2
[5] None of the above
(29) What is the concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOH (a strong base) which has a pH of 10.1?
[1] 126 M
[2] 1.26 x 10-3 M
[3] 1.26 x 10-4 M
[4] 7.94 x 10-11 M
[5] None of the above
(30) What is the concentration of an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2 (a strong base) which has a pH of
12.05?
[1] 1.08 M
[2] 1.122 x 10-2 M
[3] 5.610 x 10-3 M
[4] 2.244 x 10-3 M
[5] -1.08 M
(31) Lactic acid is a weak acid with one acidic proton. A 0.10 M solution of this acid has a pH of 2.44.
What is the Ka value of this acid?
[1] 275.4
[2] 2.44
[3] 3.6 x 10-3
[4] 1.4 x 10-4
[5] 1.4 x 10-5
(32) Hydroflouric acid, HF, is a weak acid with one acidic proton. What is the pH of a 0.20 M solution
of this acid? (Ka = 6.8 x 10-4 for HF.)
[1] 0.42
[2] 1.9
[3] 2.6
[4] 5.3
[5] 12.1
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(33) Which of the following is false?
[1] Kw = [OH-][H+]
[2] Kw = Ka x Kb
[3] pKw = pKa x pKb
[4] pKa + pKb = 14
[5] None of the above
[1] Normal rainwater is usually slightly acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide.
[2] Acid rain is usually caused by dissolved sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the
atmosphere.
[3] Burning coal for fuel is one of the primary causes of acid rain.
[4] Acid rain usually contains sulphuric acid.
[5] None of the above.
(35) What is the solubility of CaCO3 in moles per liter? (Ksp = 8.7 x 10-9)
[1] HI
[2] Mg2+
[3] H2CO3
[4] HNO3
[5] BF3
(37) If ΔH = -512 kJ for a certain reaction, which of the following is true for that reaction?
[1] The reaction is exothermic.
[2] The reaction is endothermic.
[3] The reaction cannot occur.
[4] The reaction requires a catalyst to occur.
[5] None of the above.
(38) The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C is called its:
[1] Heat capacity.
[2] Specific heat.
[3] Enthalpy.
[4] Work.
[5] Potential energy.
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(39) What is the specific heat of ethyl alcohol if 700.0 J of heat are required to raise the temperature of
an 80.0 g sample from 30.0°C to 45.0°C?
[1] 0.004 J/(g.°C)
[2] 0.194 J/(g.°C)
[3] 0.292 J/(g.°C)
[4] 0.583 J/(g.°C)
[5] 131 J/(g.°C)
(41) How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 30.0 g of silver from 18.2°C to 35.6°C? The
specific heat of silver is 0.226 J/(g.°C)
[1] 2.31 J
[2] 118 J
[3] 123 J
[4] 241 J
[5] None of the above
(43) What is the total number of kilojoules of heat energy absorbed by 50 grams of solid iron when it is
heated from 20°C to 700°C? (C(water) = 0.45 J/g°C)
[1] 10 kJ
[2] 15 kJ
[3] 165 kJ
[4] 927 kJ
[5] None of the above
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(44) A balloon contains 1.0 L of gas at sea level, where the pressure is 1.0 atm. What will the volume be
when the pressure is 0.80 atm, if the temperature remains constant?
[1] 0.20 L
[2] 0.80 L
[3] 1.0 L
[4] 1.3 L
[5] None of the above
(45) The pressure of 4.0 L of nitrogen in a flexible container is decreased to one third of its original
pressure, and its absolute temperature is decreased by one half. The volume is now
[1] 1.0 L
[2] 4.0 L
[3] 6.0 L
[4] 24 L
[5] None of the above
(46) How many moles of gas are there in a sample occupying 1.74 L at 0.136 atm and 25°C?
[1] 0.00967 mol
[2] 0.0463 mol
[3] 0.0926 mol
[4] 7.36 mol
[5] None of the above
(48) A flask of 7L contains a mixture of 6g of O2 and 15g of N2 at 30°C.What is the partial pressure of
the oxygen gas?
[1] 0.67 atm
[2] 1.9 atm
[3] 2.59 atm
[4] 22.1 atm
[5] None of the above
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(49) A 1.00 L flask contains 2.073 g O2 and 20.13 g N2 at 25.0°C What is the total pressure?
(50) Under which set of conditions does NH3 (g) best follow the ideal gas law?
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ASSIGNMENT 3
Due date: 01 October
IMPORTANT:
You will need two codes to access to MasteringChemistry and to do the assignment. The first code is the
access code, which you got when you bought the textbook, and the second is the course code, which is
given below:
To access MasteringChemistry, you must use the access code that came with the textbook that you
bought.
Once you have the access code and have finished registering for MasteringChemistry and already have
access to MasteringChemistry, then, you need to locate the course by entering the course code:
CHE1501S2Y2018
Any changes to the above will be announced on myUnisa, so it is important to check for announcements
regularly.
Once the due date for assignment 3 has passed, your mark on MasteringChemistry® will be automatically
transferred to the Unisa assignment system.
You may complete the 4 online tasks at your own pace, provided that you have completed all four tasks by
the due date. Your final mark for assignment 3 will be determined by your performance on the four tasks
that you have done on MasteringChemistry®.
If you have any questions regarding this assignment, please post your questions on the myUnisa
CHE1501 discussion forum in the forum called ASSIGNMENT 2.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
ASSIGNMENT 4
(Self – Assessment Assignment)
Note: This assignment covers very important material and topics which are examinable in
the final exam.
(1) Which of these changes are physical and which are chemical? Explain.
(a) Plants make sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
(b) Water vapour in the air forms frost
(c) A goldsmith melts a nugget of gold and pulls it into a wire.
(2) Bromine is a halogen. Locate this element in the periodic table. What is its symbol? In which
period and in which group is the element located? What is its atomic number? Is it a metal or a
non-metal?
(3) Describe the electron transfers that occur in the formation of magnesium bromide from elemental
magnesium and elemental bromine.
(5) Which element forms a 3+ ion that has the electron configuration [Kr]4d6?
(6) Based on differences in electronegativity, how would you characterize the bonding in sulphur
dioxide, SO2? Do you expect the bonds between S and O to be nonpolar, polar covalent or ionic?
(7) Nitroglycerin is a highly explosive chemical which can explode merely by shaking the liquid.
Write the decomposition reaction for the explosion of nitroglycerin. Also explain what Alfred
Nobel did to make this substance safer to form which we now call dynamite.
81
(8) (a) Draw the Lewis structure of:
(i) A fluorine atom.
(ii) A bromine ion.
(iii) An iodine molecule.
(9) Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following, and assign oxidation
numbers and formal charges to each atom:
(a) SOCl2
(b) HClO2
(c) TeO3
(9) (a) The molecule O=C=S is linear and has a Lewis structure analogous to that of CO 2. Would
you expect this molecule to have a dipole moment?
(b) Use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular geometry for SF4 and IF5.
(10) Antacids are often used to relieve heartburn and promote healing in the treatment of mild ulcers.
Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions between the HCl(aq) in the stomach and the
following substances used in the various antacids:
(a) Mg(OH)2(s)
(b) CaCO3(s)
(11) Determine the oxidation number of the underlined atom in each of the following species:
(a) CaCl2
(b) Fe(NO3)3
(c) Ni(OH)2-
(d) H2O2
(e) BrF4+
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(13) What happens to the pressure of a gas if you halve the volume while its temperature is held
constant?
(14) In the forward reaction of this equilibrium, which substance acts as the Brønsted-Lowry base?
(15) The CH3- ion is the conjugate base of CH4, and CH4 shows no evidence of being an acid in
water. What happens when CH3- is added to water?
(16) Briefly explain the chemistry behind the formation of acid rain.
(17) (a) Formic acid (HCO2H) is secreted by ants. Calculate the pH of a 0.0025 M solution of
formic acid. (Ka = 3.5 x 10-8)
(b) Calculate the pH of a 15.0 M aqueous solution of NH3. (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5)
(c) The Ksp value for lead (II) iodide, PbI2, is Ksp = 1.4 x 10-8 at 25°C. Calculate its solubility
at
25°C.
83
8.7 Other assessment methods
There are no other assessment methods for this module.
Examination admission
Submission of the first assignment before 19 March (Semester 1) or 20 August (Semester 2) will confirm
your registration for that semester and you will be noted as an "active student". (This is so that Unisa will
receive subsidy from the Department of Education for you as a student).
NB: Please note that if you do not submit assignment 1 on time, you will NOT be allowed to write the
examination.
A sub-minimum of 40%
Because you can earn a semester mark which will contribute to the final mark, the university requires that
a sub-minimum of 40% must be achieved in the examination to pass the module.
Examination period
This module is offered in a semester period of fifteen weeks. This means that if you are registered for the
first semester, you will write the examination in May / June 2018 and the supplementary examination will
be written in October / November 2018. If you are registered for the second semester you will write the
examination in October / November 2018 and the supplementary examination will be written in May / June
2019.
During the semester, the Examination Section will provide you with information regarding the examination
in general, examination venues, examination dates and examination times. If your final mark (taking the
semester mark into account) is between 40% and 49%, you will be given an opportunity to rewrite the
examination in the next examination period. This examination will count out of 100% and the semester
mark will not be brought into account. However, if you write an aegrotat examination the semester mark
will count towards the final mark.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
2) Firstly, you will need the valid access code that you will receive with your
textbook. Register on MasteringChemistry using your access code.
3) Only after you have registered on MasteringChemistry, you will need the Course ID.
Enter the CourseID. Enter your student number when prompted and you are ready to
go!
Answer: If you do not have a valid access code, you will not be able to do assignment 3.
The prescribed book and access code are prescribed material and it is expected that you will
obtain them.
Answer: Assignment 3 count 15% towards your final mark. If you don't do assignment 3, you will
have a lower semester mark and will have to do well in the exam to pass (at least 55-60
percent for the exam depending on your assignment 1 and 2 marks).
85
Question: Can I reuse my previously used access code?
Answer: Yes, a MasteringChemistry access code can be used for up to three semesters (18 months)
before it expires.
10 SOURCES CONSULTED
None.
11 IN CLOSING
Good luck with your studies!
12 ADDENDUM
A periodic table is attached on the following page.
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CHE1501/101/3/2018
87
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