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    2 Organisation of The Organism Notes

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    arayana sharma
    This document provides information about the organization of organisms from the cellular level to organ systems. It describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including that eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotes do not. The document also outlines several universal cellular features, important organelles found in cells, and provides definitions for tissue, organ, and organ system.

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    2 Organisation of The Organism Notes

    Uploaded by

    arayana sharma
    44 views5 pages
    This document provides information about the organization of organisms from the cellular level to organ systems. It describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including that eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotes do not. The document also outlines several universal cellular features, important organelles found in cells, and provides definitions for tissue, organ, and organ system.

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    2 Organisation of the organism Notes

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    This document provides information about the organization of organisms from the cellular level to organ systems. It describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including that eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotes do not. The document also outlines several universal cellular features, important organelles found in cells, and provides definitions for tissue, organ, and organ system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views5 pages

    2 Organisation of The Organism Notes

    Uploaded by

    arayana sharma
    This document provides information about the organization of organisms from the cellular level to organ systems. It describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including that eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotes do not. The document also outlines several universal cellular features, important organelles found in cells, and provides definitions for tissue, organ, and organ system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Unit 2 Organisation of the organism

    2.1 Types of Cells:


    PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
    • No true nucleus • True nucleus enclosing chromosomes
    • Genetic material usually consists of a made up of DNA.
    single circular DNA which is not
    enclosed in a nucleus.
    • No membrane bound organelles • Membrane bound organelles present

    CELL THEORY:
    1. All living things are composed of cells
    2. The cell is the smallest unit of life
    3. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells

    Features of cells common to all living organisms:


    • Cytoplasm
    • Cell membrane
    • DNA as genetic material
    • Ribosomes used for protein synthesis
    • Enzymes involved in respiration

    ORGANELLES [can be seen with a light microscope]


    Organelle Function
    Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes.
    Nucleus
    Genetic information is stored on chromosomes.
    Cytoplasm Site of metabolic reactions
    Cell Partially permeable - controls the entry and exit of substances in a cell.
    membrane Forms a barrier - separates a cell from surroundings
    Cell wall Provides protection and support. Prevents plant cells from bursting.
    Permanent structures in plant cells - contain cell sap which helps to maintain
    Vacuole
    the shape of the cell.
    Site of photosynthesis - contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for
    Chloroplasts
    photosynthesis

    1
    Unit 2 Organisation of the organism

    Organelles [that can be seen only with an Electron microscope]:

    Organelle FUNCTION
    Mitochondria • Found in almost all cells except prokaryotes.
    • Site of aerobic respiration
    • cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of
    mitochondria to provide sufficient energy

    Ribosomes • Present in all cell types.


    • They are the site of protein synthesis.
    • They can be freely scattered in cytoplasm.
    • They can be bound to surface of endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Use information carried by chromosomes to make these
    proteins.

    Vesicles [in Animal cells] Animal cells have smaller membrane bound spaces called vesicles
    which may contain food or water.

    Definitions/ descriptions:
    • Tissue: a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared
    function.
    • Organ: a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform
    specific functions.
    • Organ system: a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform
    body functions

    2
    Unit 2 Organisation of the organism

    2.2 Bacteria – cell structure

    3
    Unit 2 Organisation of the organism

    4
    Unit 2 Organisation of the organism

    2.3 Specialised Cells

    Name Function
    Ciliated cells movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
    Neurones conduction of electrical impulses
    Red blood cells transport of oxygen
    Egg cells and sperm reproduction
    Root hair cells absorption
    Palisade mesophyll cells photosynthesis

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