2A, 24V Input, 600Khz 2/3-Cell Switching Li-Ion Battery Charger

MP26123
2A,24V Input, 600kHz

2/3-Cell Switching Li-ion Battery Charger
The Future of Analog IC Technology
DESCRIPTION FEATURES
The MP26123 is a monolithic DC-DC step-  Charges 2- or 3-Cell Li-Ion Battery Packs
down switching charger for 2- or 3-cell Li-ion  Wide Operating Input Range
battery packs. It has an integrated high-side  Programmable Charging Current of up to 2A
power MOSFET can output up to a 2A charge
 ±0.75% VBATT Accuracy
current. It also has peak-current–mode control
 0.2Ω Integrated Power MOSFET
for fast loop response and easy compensation.
 Up to 90% Efficiency
The MP26123 uses a sense resistor to control a  Fixed 600kHz Frequency
programmable charge current, and accurately  Preconditioning for Fully Depleted Batteries
regulates the charge current and charge  Charging Status Indicator
voltage using two control loops.  Input Supply Fault Indicator
The MP26123 has multiple fault condition  Thermal Shutdown
protections that include cycle-by-cycle current  Cycle-by-Cycle Over-Current Protection
limiting and thermal shutdown. Other safety  Battery Temperature Monitor and Protection
features include battery temperature monitoring
and protection, charge status indication and APPLICATIONS
programmable timer to cease the charging  Mobile Internet Device
cycle when timer out.  Portable Media Player
The MP26123 requires a minimal number of  Netbook
readily-available external components.  Charger for 2- or 3-Cell Li-Ion Batteries
 Distributed Power Systems
The MP26123 is available in a 4mm x 4mm 16-
pin QFN package. For MPS green status, please visit MPS website under Quality Assurance.
“MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of
Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 1

10/28/2011 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited.
© 2011 MPS. All Rights Reserved.
MP26123 – 2A, 24V INPUT, 600kHz 2-3 CELL SWITCHING LI-ION BATTERY CHARGER
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number* Package Top Marking Free Air Temperature (TA)
MP26123DR QFN16 (4x4mm) M26123 -40°C to +85°C
*For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (e.g. MP26123DR–Z)

For RoHS compliant packaging, add suffix –LF (e.g. MP MP26123DR–LF–Z)
PACKAGE REFERENCE
PIN 1 ID TOP VIEW
VIN SW BST TMR
16 15 14 13
VCC 1 12 GND
NTC 2 11 CSP
ACOK 3 10 BATT
CHGOK 4 9 COMPI
5 6 7 8
VREF33 EN CELLS COMPV

EXPOSED PAD
ON BACKSIDE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Thermal Resistance

(4)
θJA θJC
Supply Voltage VCC, VIN ............................ 26V QFN16 (4x4mm) ..................... 46 ...... 10... °C/W
VSW ..................................... -0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V)
Notes:
VBST ...................................................... VSW + 6V 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device.
VCSP, VBATT, ...................................-0.3V to +18V 2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the
VACOK, VCHGOK, ..............................-0.3V to +26V maximum junction temperature TJ(MAX), the junction-to-
ambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature
All Other Pins ..................................-0.3V to +6V TA. The maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at
(2) any ambient temperature is calculated by
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = 25°C) PD(MAX)=(TJ(MAX)-TA)/θJA. Exceeding the maximum
............................................................. 2.7W allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die
Junction Temperature ...............................150°C temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown.
Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from
Lead Temperature ....................................260°C permanent damage.
Storage Temperature............... -65°C to +150°C 3) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its
operating conditions.
(3)
Recommended Operating Conditions 4) Measured on JESD51-7 4-layer board.
Supply Voltage VIN ..............................9V to 24V

Maximum Junction Temp. (TJ) ..................125°C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VIN = 19V, TA = 25°C, CELLS=0V, unless otherwise noted.
Parameters Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units
CELLS=0V 8.337 8.4 8.463
Terminal battery voltage VBATT V
CELLS=Float 12.505 12.6 12.695
CSP，BATT current ICSP,IBATT Charging disabled 1 µA
Switch on resistance RDS(ON) 0.2 Ω
Switch leakage EN = 4V, VSW = 0V 0 1 μA
(5)
CC 4.1 A
Peak current limit
TRICKLE 2 A
CC current ICC RS1=100mΩ 1.8 2.0 2.2 A
Trickle charge current ITRICKLE 10% ICC
Trickle charge voltage threshold VTC 3 V/cell
Trickle charge hysteresis 350 mV
Termination current threshold IBF 5% 10% 15% ICC
CELLS=0V,
Oscillator frequency fSW 600 kHz
VBATT =7V
Fold-back frequency VBATT =0V 190 kHz
Maximum duty cycle 90 %
Maximum current sense voltage
VSENSE 170 200 230 mV
(CSP to BATT)
Minimum on time (5) tON 100 ns
Under-voltage lockout threshold
3 3.2 3.4 V
rising
Under-voltage lockout threshold
200 1000 mV
hysteresis
Open-drain sink current VDRAIN =0.3V 5 mA
In trickle mode
Dead battery indicator 30 min
CTMR=0.1μF
Recharge threshold at VBATT VRECHG 4.0 V/cell
Recharge hysteresis 100 mV
%of
NTC low-temp rising threshold RNTC=NCP18X103, 0°C 70.5 73.5 76.5
VREF33
RNTC=NCP18X103, %of
NTC high-temp falling threshold 27.5 29.5 31.5
50°C VREF33
VIN min head-room (reverse
VIN−VBATT 180 mV
blocking)

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = 19V, TA = 25°C, CELLS=0V, unless otherwise noted.
Parameters Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units
EN input low voltage 0.4 V
EN input high voltage 1.8 V

EN =4V 4
EN input current μA
EN =0V 0.2
EN =4V 0.5 mA
Supply current (shutdown)

EN =4V,
Consider VREF33 pin 0.665 mA
output current,
R3=10k,RNTC=10k
Supply current (quiescent) EN =0V, CELLS=0V 2.0 mA
(5)
Thermal shutdown 150 °C
VREF33 output voltage 3.3 V
VREF33 load regulation ILOAD =0 to 10mA 30 mV
Notes:
5) Guaranteed by design.

PIN FUNCTIONS
Pin # Name Description
1 VCC IC supply voltage.
Thermistor Input. Connect a resistor from this pin to VREF33, and the thermistor from this
2 NTC
pin to ground.
Valid Input Supply Indicator. Open drain output. Add pull-up resistor. Logic LOW indicates
3 ACOK the presence of a valid input supply.
Charging Status Indicator. Open drain output. Add pull-up resistor. Logic LOW indicates
4 CHGOK normal charging. Logic HIGH indicates either a completed charge process or suspended
process because of some fault.
Internal Linear Regulator, 3.3V Reference Output. Bypass to GND with a 1μF ceramic
5 VREF33
capacitor.
6 EN On/Off Control Input.
Command Input for the Number of Li-ion Cells. Connect to VREF33 or float for 3-cell
7 CELLS
operation. Ground for 2-cell operation.
8 COMPV V-LOOP Compensation. Decouple this pin with a capacitor and a resistor.
9 COMPI I-LOOP Compensation. Decouple this pin with a capacitor and a resistor.
10 BATT Positive Battery Terminal.

Battery-Charge Current-Sense–Positive Input. Connect a resistor RS1 between CSP and
200mV
BATT. The full charge current is: ICHG A  
11 CSP
.
RS1mΩ 
Ground. This pin is the voltage reference for the regulated output voltage. This node should
12 GND be placed outside of the switching diode (D2) to the input ground path to prevent switching
current spikes from inducing voltage noise into the part.
Set Safe Timer Period. 0.1µA current charges and discharges the external capacitor
13 TMR
decoupled to GND. The capacitor value programs the timer period.
Bootstrap. Requires a charged capacitor to drive the power switch’s gate above the supply
14 BST voltage. Connect a capacitor between SW and BST pins to form a floating supply across the
power switch driver.
15 SW Switch Output.
Regulator Input Voltage. The MP26123 regulates a 9V-to-24V input to a voltage suitable for
16 VIN charging either a 2- or 3-cell Li-ion battery. Requires capacitors to prevent large voltage
spikes from appearing at the input.

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

VIN=19V, C1=4.7μF, C2=22μF, L=4.7μH, RS1=100mΩ, Real/Simulation Battery Load, TA=25°C,
unless otherwise noted.

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)


TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)


FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1—Functional Block Diagram

OPERATION
The MP26123 is a peak-current–mode controlled If the charge stays in the “trickle-charging mode”
switching charger for use with Li-ion batteries. until “time out” condition is triggered, charging
terminates and will not resume until the input
At the beginning of a cycle, M1 is off, and the
power or EN signal refreshes. Otherwise, GMI
COMP voltage is higher than the output of
regulates the charge current to the level set by
current sense amplifer, A1. The PWM
RS1. The charger is operating at “constant
comparator’s output is low, and the rising edge of
current charging mode.” The duty cycle of the
the 600kHz CLK signal sets the RS flip-flop,
switcher is determined by the COMPI voltage
which turns on M1, thus connecting the SW pin
that is regulated by the amplifier GMI.
and the inductor to the input supply.
When the battery voltage reaches constant-
As the inductor current increases, the output of
voltage–mode threshold, GMV regulates the
A1 increases. While the sum of A1’s output and
COMP pin and the duty cycle for constant
the slope compensation remains below the
voltage mode. When the charge current drops to
COMP voltage, the falled edge of the CLK resets
the battery-full threshold, IBF (typical 10% CC),
the RS flip-flop. When this signal exceeds the
the battery is defined as fully charged, the
COMP voltage, the RS flip-flop resets and turns
charger stops charging, and CHGOK goes high
M1 off. The external switching diode D2 then
to indicate the charge-full condition. If the total
conducts the inductor current.
charge time exceeds the timer period, the
The MP26123 uses COMP to select the smaller charging terminates at once and will resume
value of GMI and GMV to implement either when either the input power or EN signal can
current loop control or voltage loop control. restart the charger.
Current loop control occurs when the battery
Figure 2 shows the typical charge profile of
voltage is low, which results in the saturation of
MP26123.
the GMV output. GMI compares the charge
current (as a voltage sensed through RS1)
against the reference voltage to regulate the
charge current to a constant value. When the
battery voltage charges up to the reference
voltage, the output of GMV goes low and initiates
voltage loop control to control the duty cycle to
regulate the output voltage.
The MP26123 has an internal linear regulator—
VREF33—to power internal circuitry. It can also Figure 2—Li-Ion Battery Charge Profile
power external circuitry as long as the load does
not exceed the maximum current (30mA).
Connect a 1μF bypass capacitor from VREF33 to
GND to ensure stability.
Charge Cycle (Mode change: Trickle CC
CV)
At the start of a charging cycle, the MP26123
monitors VBATT. If VBATT is lower than the trickle-
charge threshold, VTC (typically 3.0V/cell), the
charging cycle will start in “trickle-charge mode”
(10% of the RS1 programmed constant-charge
current, ICC) until the battery voltage reaches VTC.

Automatic Recharge auto-recharge (The event that VBATT falls through

After the battery has completely recharged, the 4V/cell) can restart the charge cycle.
charger disables all blocks except the battery
Negative Thermal Coefficient (NTC)
voltage monitor to limit leakage current. If the
Thermistor
battery voltage falls below 4.0V/Cell, the chip will
The MP26123 has a built-in NTC-resistance
begin recharging using soft-start. The timer will
window comparator that allows the MP26123 to
then reset to avoid timer-related charging
sense the battery temperature through the
disruptions.
thermistor included in the battery pack. Connect
Charger Status Indication a resistor with an appropriate value from VREF33
MP26123 has two open-drain status outputs: to the NTC pin, and connect the thermistor from
ACOK and CHGOK . The ACOK pin goes low the NTC pin to GND. A resistor divider
when the IC supply voltage VCC exceeds the determines the voltage on the NTC pin as a
under-voltage lockout threshold and the function of the battery temperature. Charging
regulated voltage VIN is 300mV higher than VBATT halts when the NTC voltage falls below the lower
to make sure the regulator can operate normally. NTC window threshold. Charging resumes when
the voltage is within the NTC window range.
CHGOK indicates charge status. Table 1
Power Path Management
describes ACOK and CHGOK outputs under MP26123 is a stand-alone switching charger.
different charge conditions. Typically, the regulated input voltage VIN
Table 1―Charging Status Indication receives power from the adapter input, VIN,
through a diode that blocks the battery voltage to
ACOK CHGOK Charger Status VCC. For power path application, however, VIN
low low In charging powers the system and charges the battery
End of charge, NTC simultaneously so the user can start-up a device
low high fault, timer out, thermal with a drained battery when it is connected to an
shutdown, EN disable adapter. Replace the diode from the stand-alone
VIN –VBATT<0.3V. switching charger circuit with a MOSFET to
high high improve system efficiency and reduce voltage
VCC<UVLO,
drop of the block device.
Timer Operation
An additional MOSFET between VIN and the
MP26123 uses the internal timer to limit the battery allows the battery to charge even in the
charge period during trickle charge and total absence of an adapter or connection to an invalid
charge cycle. Once the charge time exceeds the adapter. Figure 3 shows a typical application
time limit the MP26123 terminates charging. A circuit with power-path management. When the
good battery should fully recharge within the adapter input is invalid or absent, the block diode
allotted time period; otherwise the battery has a
is replaced by a MOSFET controlled by ACOK
fault. An external capacitor at the TMR pin
programs the time period. signal.
The trickle mode charge time is:

C TMR
TTRICKLE _ TMR  30 min s 
0.1F
The total charge time is:

C TMR
TTOTAL _ TMR  3hours 
0.1F
When time-out occurs, charger is suspended.
And only refresh the input power or EN signal or

R6
10k
D2
Figure 3—MP26123 with Power-Path Management

OPERATION FLOW CHART
Figure 4— Normal Charging Operation Flow Chart

OPERATION FLOW CHART (continued)
Figure 5—Fault Protection Flow Chart

According to equation (4) and equation (5), we

APPLICATION INFORMATION determine R3 = 9.63k and R6 = 505k.
Setting the Charge Current
For simplification, select R3=10k and R6 no
The charge current of MP26123 is set by the
connect to approximate the specification.
sense resistor RS1 (See Typical Application), and
determined with the following equation:
200mV
ICHG A   (1)
RS1mΩ  VREF33
Selecting the Inductor

Low Temp Threshold
Use a 1µH to 10µH inductor for most applications. R3 VTH_Low
The inductance value can be derived from the NTC
following equation.
VOUT  (VIN  VOUT ) R6 RNTC
L (2)
VIN  IL  fOSC
High Temp Threshold
Where ΔIL is the inductor ripple current. Choose VTH_High
ΔIL to be approximately 30% of the maximum
charge current, 2A. VOUT is the 2- or 3-cell battery
voltage. Figure 6— NTC function block
The maximum inductor peak current is: Selecting the Input Capacitor
The input capacitor reduces the surge current
IL drawn from the input and also the switching noise
IL(MAX)  ICHG  (3)
2 from the device. Chose an input capacitor with an
impedance at the switching frequency less than
Under light load conditions below 100mA, use a
the input source impedance to prevent high-
larger inductor value to improve efficiency.
frequency–switching current. Use ceramic
Select an inductor with a DC resistance of less capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics with low
than 200mΩ to optimize efficiency. ESR and small temperature coefficients. A 4.7µF
capacitor is sufficient for most applications.
NTC Function
As Figure 6 shows, the low temperature threshold Selecting the Output Capacitor
and high-temperature threshold are preset The output capacitor limits output voltage ripple
internally to 73.5%·VREF33 and 29.5%·VREF33 and ensures regulation loop stability. The output
using a resistive divider. For a given NTC capacitor impedance should be low at the
thermistor, we can select appropriate R3 and R6 switching frequency. Use ceramic capacitors with
resistors to set the NTC window. X5R or X7R dielectrics.
For the thermistor (NCP18XH103) noted in above PC Board Layout
electrical characteristic, Connect the high frequency and high current
paths (GND, IN and SW) to the device with short,
At 0°C, RNTC_Cold = 27.445k;
wide, and direct traces. Place the input capacitor
At 50°C, RNTC_Hot = 4.1601k. as close as possible to the IN and GND pins.
Assuming that the NTC window is between 0°C Place the external feedback resistors next to the
and 50°C, we can derive the following equations: FB pin. Keep the switching node SW short and
away from the feedback network.
R6 // RNTC _ Cold VTH _ Low
  73.5% (4)
R3  R6 // RNTC _ Cold VREF33
R6 // RNTC _ Hot VTH _ High

  29.5% (5)
R3  R6 // RNTC _ Hot VREF33

PACKAGE INFORMATION
QFN16 (4 x 4mm)
3.90 2.15
4.10 2.45
0.50 PIN 1 ID
0.70 13 16 SEE DETAIL A
PIN 1 ID
MARKING
0.25
12 1
0.35
3.90 0.65 2.15

PIN 1 ID 2.45
4.10 BSC
INDEX AREA
9 4
8 5
TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW
PIN 1 ID OPTION A PIN 1 ID OPTION B

0.45x45º TYP. R0.25 TYP.
0.80
1.00
0.20 REF
0.00
0.05
SIDE VIEW DETAIL A
3.80 NOTE:
2.30
1) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
2) EXPOSED PADDLE SIZE DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
1.00 3) LEAD COPLANARITY SHALL BE 0.10 MILLIMETER MAX.
4) JEDEC REFERENCE IS MO-220, VARIATION VGGC.
0.35 5) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE.
0.65
RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Please contact MPS for current specifications.
Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS
products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications.


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MP26123

2A,24V Input, 600kHz

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 1

*For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (e.g. MP26123DR–Z)

VREF33 EN CELLS COMPV

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Thermal Resistance

Supply Voltage VIN ..............................9V to 24V

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 2

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 3

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

EN input high voltage 1.8 V

Supply current (shutdown)

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 4

10 BATT Positive Battery Terminal.

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 5

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 6

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 7

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 8

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1—Functional Block Diagram

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 9

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 10

Automatic Recharge auto-recharge (The event that VBATT falls through

The trickle mode charge time is:

The total charge time is:

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 11

Figure 3—MP26123 with Power-Path Management

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 12

OPERATION FLOW CHART

Figure 4— Normal Charging Operation Flow Chart

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 13

OPERATION FLOW CHART (continued)

Figure 5—Fault Protection Flow Chart

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 14

According to equation (4) and equation (5), we

Selecting the Inductor

R6 // RNTC _ Hot VTH _ High

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 15

3.90 0.65 2.15

TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW

PIN 1 ID OPTION A PIN 1 ID OPTION B

SIDE VIEW DETAIL A

RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN

MP26123 Rev. 1.01 www.MonolithicPower.com 16

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