Locus

Locus
1. Introduction:
o In Mathematics, locus means a curve shape formed by all the points satisfying a specific equation of
the relation between the coordinates, or by a point, line, or moving surface. Every shape such as
circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, etc. is represented by the locus as a collection of points.
o In real-life you must have heard about the word ‘location’. The word location is derived from the
word locus itself. Locus defines the position of something. When an object is situated somewhere,
or something happened at a place, is described by locus.
2. Locus: {Core content}

In geometry, a locus is a set of all points, whose location satisfies or is determined by one or more specific
conditions.
Locus of a Circle
The locus of a circle is the collection of all points which form geometrical shapes such as line, a line
segment, circle, a curve, etc., and whose location agrees the condition is the locus. Generally, we can say
that instead of examining them as a collection of points, they can be seen as places where the points can
situate or move.
In terms of the locus of point or loci, the locus of a circle is represented as the collection of all points which
are equally distant from a fixed point.,where the fixed point is the center of the circle and the distance of
the collection of points is from the center is the radius of the circle.
Locus of Points
In two-dimensional geometry, the locus of points is a curve or a line. A shape is defined in geometry
by the locus of points. A circle is the locus of all points equidistant from a fixed point known as its
centre. The locus of the points also defines other shapes like an ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola.
Example: The locus of a point whose sum of distances from the two fixed points is constant will be an
ellipse.
The locus of all points whose distance is constant from a fixed point will be a circle. Similarly, the
locus of all points that are equidistant from a line segment is basically the perpendicular bisector of
that line segment.
3. Locus in Two-Dimensional Geometry

Perpendicular Bisector
The collection of points which bisect the line, molded by joining two points and equally distant from two
points is called perpendicular bisector.
Angle Bisector
A locus of collection of points that bisect an angle and are equally distant from two intersecting lines,
which forms an angle is known as an angle bisector.
Ellipse
The ellipse is defined as a collection of points that fulfill the condition where the sum of the distances of
two focal points is fixed.
Parabola
It is the group of points that are equally distant from a fixed point and a line is identified as a parabola. The
fixed point depicts the locus and the line is interpreted as the directrix of the parabola .
Hyperbola
A hyperbola possesses two distinct focal points which are uniformly distant from the center of the semi-
major axis. Hyperbola is defined as the set of points, which satisfies the condition where the absolute value
of the difference between the lengths to two given foci is a constant
4. The Six Theorems
Locus Theorem 1
The locus from the point “p” at the fixed distance “d” is considered as a circle with “p” as its center and “d”
as its diameter.
With this theorem, we can determine the region formed by all the points which are located at the same
distance from a single point
Locus Theorem 2
The locus from the line “m” at a fixed distance “d” is said to be a pair of parallel lines that are located on
either side of “m” from the line “m” at a distance “d”.
We can find the region formed by all the points which are located at the same distance from the single line
with the help of this theorem.
Locus Theorem 3
The locus that is equidistant from the two specified points say A and B, are considered as perpendicular
bisectors of the line segment that joins the two points.
The region formed by all the points which are located at the same distance from point A and as from point
B can be determined with the help of this theorem. The region formed have to be the perpendicular
bisector of the line segment AB.
Locus Theorem 4
The locus that is equidistant from the two parallel lines say m1 and m2, is said to be a line parallel to both
the lines m1 and m2 and it must be halfway between them.
This theorem helps to find out the region formed by all the points which are at the same distance from the
two parallel lines.
Locus Theorem 5
The locus that is present on the interior of an angle and is equidistant from the sides of an angle is
considered to be the bisector of the angle.
The region formed by all the points which are at the same distance from both sides of an angle can be
determined with the help of this theorem. The region should be the angle bisector.
Locus Theorem 6
The locus that is equidistant from the two intersecting lines say m1 and m2, is considered to be a pair of
lines that bisects the angle produced by the two lines m1 and m2.
This theorem helps to find the region formed by all the points which are located at the same distance from
the two intersecting lines. The region formed should be a pair of lines that bisect the angle formed.
5. Solved Questions --- Concise mathematics + ML Agarwal + Rachna Sagar
Locus Formula
There is no specific formula to find the locus. To find the locus of points in two-dimensional geometry,
 Assume any random point P(x,y) on the locus.

 Write an equation depending on the given condition.
 Simplify it to get the equation of the locus.
6. Summary –
Locus is the path traced by a moving point, which moves so as to satisfy the certain given
condition/conditions. Any point equidistant from 2 lines and halfway between them is
parallel to the lines. Lines equidistant from a fixed point form the locus of a circle. Locus of
a point present on the interior of an angle and equidistant from 2 points forms the angle
bisector. Locus that is equidistant from 2 fixed points is the perpendicular bisector of the
line joining the points.
7. Conclusion:
All geometries, including circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas, are defined by the locus as a set of
points. This helped me understand how loci is used in other areas apart from “typical” Mathematical settings.
For example, opening and closing a door, use of sprinklers etc. It further enabled me to visualise how Geometric
shapes, before the twentieth century, were considered as an entity or place where points can be located or can
be moved, however, in modern Maths, the entities are considered as the set of points that satisfies the given
condition.
8. Bibliography
 vedantu.com
 icsecbsemaths.com
 collegedunia.com
 embibe.com
 testbook.com
 cuemath.com

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Locus

2. Locus: {Core content}

3. Locus in Two-Dimensional Geometry

4. The Six Theorems

5. Solved Questions --- Concise mathematics + ML Agarwal + Rachna Sagar

 Assume any random point P(x,y) on the locus.

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