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    Loci Notes

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    libundandasena

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    Loci Notes

    Uploaded by

    libundandasena
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    15 views5 pages

    Loci Notes

    Uploaded by

    libundandasena

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Loci

    Locus

    Let us look at the following figure.

    This is a circle with centre at O; and P, Q and R are points on it.

    Now, the question arises − what is a circle?

    A circle is a set of points, which are equidistant from a fixed point. The fixed point is
    called the centre and the fixed distance is called the radius of the circle.

    Does the circle satisfy any geometrical condition?

    Yes, it does. The geometrical condition is that “the set of all points are equidistant from
    a fixed point”. Such geometrical condition satisfied by a circle for all points on it is called
    locus.

    Therefore, locus can be defined as:

    The locus is the set of all those points, which satisfy the given geometrical
    condition(s).

    Or

    The locus of a point is the path traced out by the point moving under given
    geometrical condition(s).

    Clearly, circle is a locus of a point equidistant from a fixed point.


    Similarly, we can define a parallel line to a fixed line as “the locus of point equidistant
    from a fixed line” as shown below:

    There are two theorems associated with locus. These are explained below.

    Theorem 1:

    The locus of a point, which is equidistant from two fixed points, is the
    perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the two fixed points.

    The converse of the above theorem can be stated as:

    Any point on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment joining two fixed
    points is equidistant from the fixed points.

    Theorem 2:

    The locus of a point, which is equidistant from two intersecting straight lines,
    consists of a pair of straight lines, which bisect the angle between the two
    given lines.

    The converse of the above theorem can be stated as:

    Any point on the bisector of an angle is equidistant from the arms of the
    angle.
    Let us understand locus in some standard cases.

    (1) The locus of a point, which is inside a circle and is equidistant from two different
    fixed points on the circle, is the diameter of the circle and it is perpendicular to the chord
    joining the points.

    (2) If A and B are fixed points, then the locus of a point P such that ∠APB = 90° is the
    circle with AB as diameter.

    Let us solve some examples in order to understand these concepts better.

    Example 1:

    The internal bisectors of angles A, B, and C intersect each other at I. Let M be a


    point on BC and IM ⊥ BC. A point P moves so that it maintains a distance of IM
    from I. What is the locus of P? Justify your answer.

    Solution:

    The locus of point P will be the incircle of ΔABC as shown below.


    Let IL ⊥ AC and IN ⊥ AB

    Now, in ΔBIN and ΔBIM,

    BI = BI (Common)

    ∠IBN = ∠IBM (Angle bisector)

    ∠BNI = ∠BMI (Each 90°)

    ∴ ΔBIN ≅ ΔBIM (AAS congruence)

    Therefore, by CPCT,

    IN = IM

    Similarly, it can be proved that IN = IL

    ∴ IM = IN = IL

    That means the circle with centre I touches each side of ΔABC. Therefore, the locus of
    point P is an incircle of ΔABC.

    Example 2:

    Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Draw three parallel chords of this circle. Join the
    mid-points of these chords. What can you say about the locus of the mid-points
    of these chords by looking at the figure?

    Solution:

    Steps of construction:

    (1) Draw a circle of radius 4 cm taking O as centre.


    (2) Draw three parallel chords AB, CD, and EF parallel to each other.

    (3) Draw the perpendicular bisectors of these chords.

    (4) Let the perpendicular bisectors intersect AB, CD, and EF at the points X, Y, and Z
    respectively.

    (5) Join X to Y and Y to Z.

    Clearly, XYZ is a straight line and it is perpendicular to AB, CD, and EF.

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