Application of Differentiation

Topic 6 to find minimum/maximum value

to find a critical point and determine
whether the critical point is
maximum/minimum value for a
Application of Differentiation
function
function f(x)
function f(x,y)

1 2

Minimum/maximum value Minimum/maximum value

The maximum or minimum area of a Maximum value is determined if

location or shape can be found using d2 y
<0
differentiation dx 2
The formula for the location or shape Minimum value is determined if
must be known first before finding
its maximum/minimum area. d2 y
>0
Maximum/minimum value occurs when dx 2
dy
=0
dx 3 4

Example Example

Solution: Step 2
Find differentiation for V = 60x2 – 10x3
An open top box is to be made as shown in the dV
above diagram. What is the maximum volume of = 120x - 30x 2
the box?
dx
dV
Solution: Step 1 Maximum/minimum value occur when =0
dx
Formula for volume of a box is 120x – 30x2 = 0
V=long x width x height x(120 - 30x) = 0
V=(12-2x)(5x)(x) x = 0 , 120 – 30x =0
=60x2 – 10x3 120 = 30x
5 6
x=4

1
Example Example

Solution: Step 3 Solution: Step 4

Find differentiation for dV = 120x - 30x 2 Substitute value of x = 4 into V
dx V = 60x2 – 10x3
d2 V
= 120 - 60x
dx 2
= 60(4)2 – 10(4)3
d2 V
Maximum value occur when dx 2 < 0 =320
Substitute x = 0, 120 – 0 = 120 > 0 maximum value of the open top box is 320
Substitute x = 4, 120 – 240 = -120 < 0
Value of x = 4 make the maximum volume
for the box
7 8

Critical point for a function f(x) Example 1

function f(x) – one variable Find the critical point and determine
find value of x by f ’(x) = 0 whether its maximum or minimum
critical point = (x, f(x)) value for
Determine the minimum/maximum value y = 2x 2 − 8 x + 9
of the critical point (refer slide number
4)

9 10

Example 1 Example 2

a) y = 2x 2 − 8 x + 9 Substitute x = 2 into y Find the critical point and determine whether

dy 2 its maximum or minimum value for
= 4x − 8 = 0 y = 2(2) − 8(2) + 9
f(x) = x3 – 12x + 1
dx = 2(4) − 16 + 9 Solution:
4x = 8
=1 f ’(x) = 3x2 – 12 = 0
x=2 3x2 = 12
x2 = 4
d2 y
= 4 > 0 (minimum value) x = 2 and -2
dx 2
The critical point is (2,1) and it is a minimum value
11 12

2
Example 2 Example 2

substitute x into f(x) f’’(x) = 6x

substitute x = 2 and x = -2 into f’’(x)
x=2, f(x) = 23 – 12(2) + 1 =8- 24 + 1 = -15 x = 2, f’’(2) = 6(2) = 12 > 0 (minimum value)
x = -2, f’’(-2) = 6(-2) = -12 < 0 (maximum
value)
x=-2, f(x) = (-2)3 – 12(-2) + 1 = -8 + 24 + 1 = 17
so critical points (2,-15) is minimum value
and (-2,17) is maximum value
so critical points are (2,-15) and (-2,17)

13 14

Critical point for a function Critical point for a function

f(x,y) f(x,y)
function f(x,y) – two variables Example: find critical point for
find partial differentiation for f(x,y) f(x,y) = 2xy - 3x – y - x2 – 3y2
and assign each partial differentiation d
f(x, y) = 2y - 3 - 2x = 0.....(1)
with 0. (forming 2 equations) d(x)
find value of x and y by solving the Solution:
d
equation f(x, y) = 2x - 1 - 6y = 0.....(2)
d(y)
critical point = (x, y) (1) + (2) : -4 – 4y = 0
Determine the maximum/maximum value - 4y = 4
of the critical point (refer slide number y = -1
4) 15 16

Critical point for a function Critical point for a function

f(x,y) f(x,y)
substitute y into (1):
2(-1) – 3 – 2x = 0 d2
f(x, y) = -2 < 0
d(x)2
-2 – 3 – 2x = 0
d2
- 2x = 5 f(x, y) = -6 < 0
5 d(y)2
x= -
2 5
The critical point ( - , -1) is maximum
5 value 2
The critical point is ( - ,-1)
2
17 18