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Conditionals

The document discusses conditional sentences in English and Spanish. It explains the three main types of conditional sentences: first, second, and third conditional. The first conditional is used for possible future events. The second conditional expresses hypothetical or unlikely situations. The third conditional talks about unreal past events. Examples are provided to illustrate the form and usage of each conditional type. The document also covers mixed conditionals and provides exercises for learners to practice forming conditionals.

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jorge fernandez camiño
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12 views6 pages

Conditionals

The document discusses conditional sentences in English and Spanish. It explains the three main types of conditional sentences: first, second, and third conditional. The first conditional is used for possible future events. The second conditional expresses hypothetical or unlikely situations. The third conditional talks about unreal past events. Examples are provided to illustrate the form and usage of each conditional type. The document also covers mixed conditionals and provides exercises for learners to practice forming conditionals.

Uploaded by

jorge fernandez camiño
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

“Conditionals are our fantasy world, the world of


hypothetical situations”
They are composed of a “condition” clause (if- clause) and
a main clause, expressing what happens if the condition is
true.

(0) Zero Conditional (the least common): (si te cortas el


dedo, sangra)

Usage: Facts or things that are always true

Form: If / when + present simple- present simple

Example: If ice melts, it turns to water.


If you don’t pass, you fail.

1) First Conditional: (si vienes conmigo, te compro el


billete)

Usage: Possible future. Attention: In Spanish we use si +


presente simple, presente simple. In English they use the
future in the clause not containing “if”.

Form: If + present simple, will (or other modal verbs,


might, can, may)

Example: If John passes the exam, he will celebrate.


Jack can visit his aunt if he returns to Rome.
If I see him, I will tell him.

2) Second Conditional: (si vinieses conmigo, te


compraría el billete)

Usage: Present unreal hypothetical situation that is not true


and probably will never be true. In Spanish we use If +
pretérito de subjuntivo, condicional. In English the
subjunctive is hardly ever used, so they use a simple past
(preterite). Exception: there is a remnant of the subjunctive
, the form "were", which is often used instead of “was” (I
was, he was, she was, it was) in conditional sentences.

Form: If + past simple, would (could/might )+ infinitive

Example: If I had more time, I would travel more.


But, with "to be": If I were (was- more common in
British English) a rich man, I would buy myself a mansion.

3) Third Conditional: (si hubieses venido conmigo, te


habría comprado el billete)

Usage: Past action that never happened

Form: If + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past


participle ( Present Perfect )

Example: If Mary had studied harder, she would have


passed the exam.
John might/would have been angry, if his friend
had got a higher grade.
If Mary had been a better player, we would have
won the game.

Mixed Conditional:

(second and third conditional)


Usage: Past action with a present result

Form: If + past perfect, would + infinitive

Example: If I had stayed home, I would be bored now.


If Gabor had caught a fish, we would have
dinner now.

NOTE: THE ORDER OF THE “IF-CLAUSE” (condition)


AND THE MAIN CLAUSE (result) CAN BE
REVERSED:

1) If you had told me the truth, I wouldn’t have got


annoyed with you
OR
2) I wouldn’t have got annoyed with you if you had
told me the truth.
EXERCISE: Translate into English and construct in
conditionals 1, 2 and 3.

1. Si me das el dinero, te doy el libro.


2. No voy al concierto si no vienes conmigo.
3. Si rompes la tetera (teapot), tienes que pagarla (pay for
it).
4. Aprendes mucho inglés si escuchas la radio.
5. Si no solucionamos el problema, hay una guerra.
6. Te compro un jersey, si quieres uno.
7. Si estudias mucho, apruebas el examen.
8. Lavo el coche si está muy sucio.
9. Si estoy cansado, me siento.
10. Compro más comida si es necesario.
SOLUTIONS

1. Si me das el dinero, te doy el libro.


a) If you give me the money, I will give you the book.
b) If you gave me the money, I would give you the book.
c) If you had given me the money, I would have given you
the book.
2. No voy al concierto si no me compras las entradas.
a) I will not go to the concert if you don't buy me the
tickets.
b) I would not go to the concert if you didn't buy me the
tickets.
c) I would not have gone to the concert if you hadn't
bought me the tickets.
3. Si rompes la tetera, tienes que pagarla.
a) If you break the teapot, you will have to pay for it.
b) If you broke the teapot, you would have to pay for it.
c) If you had broken the teapot, you would have had to pay
for it.
4. Aprendes mucho inglés si escuchas la radio.
a)You will learn a lot of English if you listen to the radio.
b) You would learn a lot of English if you listened to the
radio.
c) You would have learnt a lot of English if you had
listened to the radio.
5. Si el problema no se soluciona, hay una guerra.
a) If the problem is not solved, there will be a war.
b) If the problem weren't solved, there would be a war.
c) If the problem hadn't been solved, there would have
been a war.

6. Te compro un jersey, si quieres uno.


a) I will buy you a sweater if you want one.
b) I would buy you a sweater if you wanted one.
c) I would have bought you a sweater if you had wanted
one.

7. Si estudias mucho, apruebas el examen.


a) If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
b) If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
c) If you had studied hard, you would have passed the
exam.
8. Lavo el coche si está muy sucio.
a) I will clean the car if it is very dirty.
b) I would clean the car if it were very dirty.
c) I would have cleaned the car if it had been dirty.
9. Si estoy cansado, me siento.
a) If I'm tired, I will sit down.
b) If I were tired, I would sit down.
c) If I had been tired, I would have sat down.
10. Compro más comida si la necesitamos.
a) I will buy some food if we need it.
b) I would buy some food if we needed it.
c) I would have bought some food if we had needed it.

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