TYPE 1

TYPE 2

TYPE 3

IF CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

- Present simple
- Present continuous
- Present perfect

- WILL Future
- Modal auxiliary (may, can, must, should)
- Imperative
- Expression of request

Examples:
If he runs, he'll get there on time.
If you are looking for Peter, you'll find him upstairs.
If he has written the letter, I'll post it.

Examples:
If your documents are in order, you can leave.
If you want to lose weight, eat less bread.
If you see Tom later, could you ask him to ring me?

- Past simple
- Past continuous

- Conditional simple (would + infinitive)

- Conditional continuous (would + be + gerund)
- Past simple (expressing a past habit)

Examples:
If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
If my car were working, I would drive you home.

Examples:
If I were on holiday, I would be visiting Italy.
If anyone interrupted him, he got very angry.

- Past perfect
- Past perfect continuous (had+been+gerund)

- Conditional perfect (would+have+past

participle)
- Could/might + have + past participle
- Conditional perfect continuous
(would+have+been+gerund)

Examples:
If I hadn't been so tired, I would have gone out.
If they had not been wearing a seat belt, they would
have been seriously injured.

Examples:
If I had found him earlier, I might have saved his life.
He would have been sitting on a comfortable chair if
he had worked harder at school.

EXERCISES:
1.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
a. If it ............... (rain), none of us will go out.
b. We (not/go) to that show even if it were free.
c. If the Smiths get rid of their old piano, they (offer) it to me first.
d. She would have gone to college if it . (be) possible.
e. If they can get their parents consent, they . (get married) before the end of the year.
f. If you (see) his clothes, youd never believe he was so rich.
g. I shouldn't drink that wine if I ................. (be) you .
h. I'd climb over the wall if there ................. (not/be) so much broken glass on top of it.
i. He would spend a lot of money on clothes if he .. (can) afford it.
j. If I .. (smoke) less, my sore throat would get better.
2.- Answer the questions in the same way as in sentence 1.
1. Someone describes you as miserly. Are you pleased or annoyed?
If someone described me as miserly I would be annoyed.
2. Someone describes you as witty. Are you flattered or insulted?
3. In a restaurant you order leek. Do you drink it or eat it?
4. Theres a leak in your bathroom. Do you call the plumber or a carpenter?
5. You buy a badge. Do you put it on your finger or on your jacket?
6. You have a budgie as a pet. Do you keep it in a tank or a cage?
7. Someone gives you a pair of mittens. Do you wear them or give them some milk?
8. You have to change a wheel on your car. Do you need a saw or a spanner?
3.- Retell the story below using conditional sentences:
Ex:

If Peters alarm clock had worked, he wouldnt have woken up late.

If he hadnt woken up late, he wouldnt have been late for work.

Peters alarm clock didnt work.

He woke up late.
He was late for work.
His boss was annoyed.
His boss criticised him.
He made a sarcastic remark.
He was dismissed.

4.-Change the following type 1 into type 2 and type 3 conditional sentences.
1. If I get lost, Ill ask a policeman to help me find the way.
2. Ill come to see you if I have time.
3. If they are more tolerant towards each other, they will quarrel less.
4. If we have a better teacher, well learn more.
5. Youll find the answers to your questions if you read this essay.
5. Make sentences with IF which have the same meaning as the sentences below.
1. Lie down for a few minutes and youll feel better.
2. Drive more carefully or youll cause an accident.
3. The money had better arrive before Thursday, otherwise therell be trouble.
4. In my opinion you ought to rest for a few days.
5. I dream of winning a lottery in order to buy a large car.
6. Jim fell down the stairs, so he couldnt play football yesterday, but if .
7. Tina was unhappy because Tom didnt go to the party
8. The baby wasnt fed on time, now hes crying.
9. I ate too much last night. I feel ill now.
6. COMPLETE THESE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN ANY WAY APPROPRIATE.
1. Had I known you were angry with me, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2. Hell receive it tomorrow .
3. She will feel much better .
4. . if its cheap enough.
5. If the ship has arrived punctually, .
6. Unless we lose your way,
7. If it werent for the wrong advice they gave me, ..
8. I would never have done such a thing
OTRAS FORMAS DE EXPRESAR LA CONDICIN
1)

SUPPOSE / SUPPOSING

Se puede emplear tambin suppose o supposing en lugar de if, sobre todo en condiciones
improbables.
Ex:

Suppose/Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?

2)

AS LONG AS = SO LONG AS = ON (THE) CONDITION THAT = PROVIDED (THAT) =

PROVIDING (THAT)

Usamos estas expresiones para expresar una idea muy fuerte de limitacin. Siguen la forma de los
tres condicionales. Se emplean con el significado de if but only if. La traduccin de todas ellas
podra ser: SIEMPRE QUE, CON TAL QUE, A CONDICIN DE QUE + subjuntivo
Ex:

Ill go to the party as long as you go too.

She agreed to come on (the) condition that she could bring her pet.
He could have recovered provided (that) he had followed the doctors orders.

3)

UNLESS

Se suele emplear en lugar de if not

En espaol se traduce por A MENOS QUE, SI NO (= except if)
Generalmente indica una excepcin a lo que se dice. Cuando se usa unless, no se usa if not.
Ex:

Well be late unless we hurry (= except if we hurry)

We wont go out unless it stops raining (= if it doesnt stop raining)

4)

CONDITIONAL INVERSION

Cuando tenemos WERE, HAD y SHOULD en una oracin condicional, podemos omitir IF e invertir el
orden del sujeto y el verbo.
Compara:

If we have enough time, well visit Robert = Should we have enough time, well visit Robert
If I were president, . = Were I president,
If I had known the answer, = Had I known the answer,
5)

IN CASE

A.

Se usa con presente o pasado para indicar una condicin que puede ocurrir o no. In case se
refiere a cosas que hacemos por adelantado para estar preparados para algo.
Ex: Take an umbrella in case it rains.
Nota: La oracin con in case da la razn o explicacin de la oracin principal. La idea de la
oracin permanece verdadera y no depende de la oracin subordinada introducida por in
case. Por tanto la estructura no expresa una condicin verdadera.
Ex: She brought her swimming costume in case the hotel had a pool.
(porque pensaba que el hotel podra tener piscina)

B.

In case of + nombre = If there is a / an

Ex: In case of accident, notify the police.

6)

OTHERWISE

Una condicin puede a veces entenderse aunque no se manifieste. Otherwise aparece en lugar de
la oracin condicional. Su traduccin podra ser: DE LO CONTRARIO.
Ex: Youd better hurry. Otherwise, youll be late for your appointment.
hurry)

(Otherwise= if you dont

I WISH
1. DESEOS SOBRE EL PRESENTE Y EL FUTURO
A) Wish expresa pesar porque las cosas no son de la forma que al que habla le gustara
que fueran. En espaol se suele traducir por: OJAL QUE
Ex: I wish I knew English better
B) Wish va seguido de pasado simple (aunque normalmente se refiere al presente o al
futuro)
Ex: I wish they were here now.
(Its raining) I wish I had an umbrella
She wishes she didnt have so many exams
C) En ingls formal el verbo to be aparece siempre con la forma were como ocurre en
el segundo condicional.
Ex: He wishes he were younger. (No es tan joven como quisiera)
D) Wish + would suele expresar desagrado o queja sobre la situacin presente. Slo
puede usarse cuando hay dos sujetos diferentes.
Ex: She seldom writes. I wish she would write more often
La idea es como si el segundo sujeto se empeara en no hacer lo que el primero
desea

2. DESEO/LAMENTO CON RESPECTO AL PASADO

A. La estructura wish + had + participio pasado se emplea para lamentarnos de un
hecho en el pasado, es decir, alGo que nos hubiera gustado que ocurriera pero que
no ocurri.
Ex: Im sorry that I didnt know Dianas phone number and couldnt invite her to the
party. I wish I had known her phone number.
B. El modal que se puede emplear en esta estructura es could + have + participio
pasado.
Ex: I wish she could have come (Ojal hubiese podido venir, siento que no viniera)
IF ONLY
Es equivalente a I wish. Se emplea para sugerir un deseo o pesar ms fuerte sobre el
presente o el pasado. Va seguido de pasado simple o pasado perfecto, o would + raiz del
verbo.
Ex:

If only he were here. (Si al menos estuviera aqu)

If only we hadnt taken the bus, we would have arrived earlier.
If only he would stop talking. (Si al menos dejara de hablar)

EXERCISES:
1. JOIN THE CLAUSES IN COLUMN A WITH THOSE IN COLUMN B TO MAKE 8
LOGICAL SENTENCES:
A
B
1. As long as its not raining
a) you should be all right in a few days.
2. Unless you have more practice
b) we wouldnt have got the message.
3. If I hadnt telephoned
c) the match would have been
cancelled.
4. If I were stronger
d) I wouldnt have gone to bed
early.
5. Even if she apologised
e) you wont pass the driving test.
6. If the weather had been wet
f) I would never invite her again.
7. If I hadnt been so tired
g) well go out for a walk.
8. Provided that you rest
h) I would carry it myself.
2. CHANGE THE SENTENCES USING UNLESS.
1. If we dont leave now, well miss the start of the film.
2. Your cough wont get better if you dont stop smoking.
3. If she doesnt give me her address, I cant write to her.
4. He wont receive the letter tomorrow if you dont post it before 1 oclock today.
5. Barbara usually walks to work if no one gives her a lift.
3. CHOOSE THE RIGHT OPTION.
1. Unless / Provided you tell the truth, everything will be all right.
2. In Britain you can marry at the age of sixteen unless / providing you have your
parents permission.
3. He wont forgive you unless / as long as you say youre sorry.
4. Unless / Providing you lend me the money, I wont be able to go on holiday.

5. Ill buy the car unless / as long as its not too expensive.
4. REWRITE AS INDICATED:
1. They won the competition because they had a great coach. (hadnt)
2. She isnt tall; thats why she cant reach that shelf. (taller)
3. I think Ill arrive at the meeting on time, but if I am late, please start without me. (should)
4. If he fails the exam, he can always take it again. (should)
5. If I had signed the contract last year I would have saved a lot of money in taxes.
(inversion)
5. CORRECT THE MISTAKES:
1. If I would be in his place, I would do it differently.
2. I wish that youll be with us soon.
3. Unless their plans changed, theyll wait for us at the station.
4. I would have called you if Id have had a mobile phone.
6. REWRITE THE SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS IN BRACKETS:
1. You cant leave home if you dont tell me where youre going. (unless)
2. You can go to the party only if you have been invited. (provided that)
3. Im really sorry I cant come with you to the theatre tonight. (wish)
4. What a shame we were unable to meet your brother when we were n England. (if only)
5. Had the government acted earlier, the present crisis could have been avoided. (if)
6. Should the flight be delayed, passengers will be informed immediately. (if)
7. Bob may attend the seminar this week. Hell only go if Mary goes too. (as long as)
8. It was possible that I would forget the name of the street, so I wrote it down. (in case)
7. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1. She slept next to the baby in case .
2. Ill lend you the car on condition that
3. The sun wouldnt have damaged your skin provided that ..
4. You will lose weight as long as
5. Take my phone number in case .
6. I wish you