District Cooling Metering Code

District Cooling Regulatory Framework

Date of issuance: July 2019

[“DoE/PD/C01/002”]
Preface
The District Cooling Metering Code has been developed to govern the design and operation
of Meters used in the provision of District Cooling Service in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.

The District Cooling Code is divided into the following Chapters:

1. Introduction that describes the legal basis, purpose and scope of the Code;

2. Definitions, Abbreviations & Units that describes certain words and abbreviations
used in the Code, and explains the units of measurement used in the Code;

3. District Cooling Metering General Conditions that describe provisions of general

application and include requirements and arrangements not otherwise referred to in
the Code including the role and constitution of the District Cooling Metering Code
Review Panel; and

4. District Cooling Metering Technical Requirements that describe the requirements

for meter design, accuracy, testing and data collection.

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Contents
1. Introduction........................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Citation ........................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Commencement .......................................................................................... 4
1.3 Purpose ....................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Scope .......................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Revision ...................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Codes, Standards and References .............................................................. 4
2. Definitions, Abbreviations & Units ...................................................................... 5
2.1 Interpretation ............................................................................................... 5
2.2 Definitions ................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 9
2.4 Units ............................................................................................................ 9
3. General Conditions............................................................................................. 10
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 10
3.2 Registration ............................................................................................... 10
3.3 Maintenance of Register and Documents .................................................. 10
3.4 Code Exemptions ...................................................................................... 10
3.5 District Cooling Metering Code Review Panel ........................................... 10
3.6 Duty of Good Faith and Standard of Conduct ............................................ 11
4. District Cooling Metering Technical Requirements ......................................... 12
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 12
4.2 Measured Quantities ................................................................................. 12
4.3 Meter Components and Technology .......................................................... 14
4.4 Metering Points ......................................................................................... 15
4.5 Alternative Metering Solution for Tenant Meters ........................................ 15
4.6 Accuracy Requirements ............................................................................ 16
4.7 Calibration, Installation, Testing and Commissioning ................................. 17
4.8 Periodic Inspection and Testing ................................................................. 17
4.9 Data Requirements and Procedures.......................................................... 18
4.10 Disputes .................................................................................................... 19
Appendix A – ETS Metering Points............................................................................... 20

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Tables
Table 1: Units ................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 2: Measured Quantities in DC Plant Meters ........................................................................ 12
Table 3: Measured Quantities in ETS Meters................................................................................ 13
Table 4: Calculated Quantities in DC Plant Metering .................................................................... 13
Table 5: Calculated Quantities in ETS Metering............................................................................ 13
Table 6: Meter Accuracy Requirements ........................................................................................ 17
Table 7. Maximum Interval Between Meter Component Inspection and Testing ......................... 18
Table 8: Overview of Potential Relationships Between DC Provider, DC Retailer and Customers
................................................................................................................................................. 21
Table 9: Definitions of Point of Delivery and Point of Return ........................................................ 22

Figures
Figure 1: Points of Delivery and Return When DC Provider is DC Retailer .................................. 23
Figure 2: Points of Delivery and Return When DC Provider and DC Retailer Are Separate Entities
................................................................................................................................................. 24

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1. Introduction
1.1 Citation

This Code is the District Cooling Metering Code ______, implemented pursuant to Law ___.

1.2 Commencement

This Code came into force on _______, and is issued by the Regulator pursuant to Article ___
of Law No ___.

1.3 Purpose

This Code is intended to ensure that Meters used in conjunction with the provision of DC
Services are designed, operated and maintained to meet minimum levels of performance
reliability and accuracy.

1.4 Scope

1.4.1 DC Plant Meters

Provisions of this Code apply, as specified, to DC Providers relative to DC Plant Meters. Some
provisions, as specified, apply only to New DC Plant Meters.

1.4.2 ETS Meters

Provisions of this Code apply, as specified, to DC Providers and DC Retailers relative to

Meters used for billing purposes in the provision of DC Services. Some provisions, as
specified, apply only to New Meters.

1.5 Revision

This Code may be amended or revoked by the Regulator at any time.

1.6 Codes, Standards and References

Standards and references used in the development of this District Cooling Metering Code
include:
 European Standard EN 1434-1:2016
 European Standard EN 1434-5:2016
 European Standard EN 1434-6:2016
 ISO/IEC 17025
 Pearl Rating System for Estidama: Building Rating System Design & Construction

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2. Definitions, Abbreviations & Units
2.1 Interpretation

Words defined in this Code begin with capital letters when used in the Code.

Words and expressions other than those defined in this Code which are defined in Law No
(2), shall have the meanings ascribed to them in Law No (2).

Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or the singular number
respectively.

Unless otherwise specified, days shall mean calendar days.

2.2 Definitions

Accredited Test Facilities means a calibration/testing laboratory accredited to ISO/IEC

17025 or equivalent.

Alternative Metering Solution for Tenant Meters means an acceptable metering solution
where CHW flow volumes alone are used to determine DC Services charges for Tenants.

Billing Period – means the period over which Cooling Energy and Cooling Demand is
measured for the purposes of billing.

Building – means buildings and associated structures and facilities constructed or to be

constructed by, or on behalf of, Customers.

Building Side – means the Building System side at the Point of Delivery.

Building System – means a Chilled Water system and associated equipment within a
Building.

Chilled Water – means cool water used in a closed hydronic system for Air Conditioning or
process cooling applications.

Chilled Water Return – means Chilled Water which has a flow direction toward a DC Plant
(in a DC Network) or toward ETS Equipment (in a Building System).

Chilled Water Supply – means Chilled Water which has a flow direction toward a Building (in
a DC Network) or toward Air Conditioning units (in a Building System).

Cooling Demand – means the Cooling Load that is the basis for billing for DC Services.

Cooling Energy – means the removal of heat energy.

Cooling Load – means the rate of removal of heat energy.

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Customer – means a person or entity that includes, but is not limited to, an owner of a Building
or an apartment, home unit or other form of segregated accommodation within a Building, or
an owners’ association in relation to a Building, or an industrial facility, who contracts with a
DC Retailer or DC Provider for DC Retailer Services.

DC Plant – means the central cooling plant and all associated equipment, including chillers,
pumps, piping, TES facilities, Cooling Towers, emergency power supply equipment, control
systems, electrical equipment and other installations and ancillary equipment, used or useful
in the production of Cooling Energy and the distribution of Chilled Water, operated and
maintained for purpose of supporting the provision of DC Provider Services.

DC Plant Meter – means any apparatus owned, operated and maintained by the DC Provider
used to measure Cooling Energy, Cooling Load or water flow within the DC Plant.

DC Provider – means an entity which generates Cooling Energy and distributes such Cooling
Energy to DC Retailers or to Customers using DC Provider Facilities pursuant to a District
Cooling Provider licence.

DC Provider Facilities – means equipment and facilities including the DC Plant, DC Network
and DC Provider ETS Equipment, and any other type of equipment installed, designed,
constructed, operated and maintained by the DC Provider for the purpose of providing Cooling
Services to DC Retailers or to Buildings up to the applicable Points of Delivery and Points of
Return.

DC Provider Meter – means any apparatus owned, operated and maintained by the DC
Provider used in or in connection with DC Provider Facilities for the purpose of determining
the Cooling Energy and Cooling Demand of a DC Retailer, Building or group of Buildings.

DC Provider Services – means any activity by a DC Provider related to the generation of

Cooling Energy and the distribution of such Cooling Energy to DC Retailers or to Customers.

DC Retailer – means an entity which acquires Cooling Energy from a DC Provider or from
another DC Retailer for the purpose of resale of such acquired Cooling Energy to Customers;
a DC Provider which serves a Customer directly may also act as a DC Retailer.

DC Retailer Facilities – means equipment and facilities owned, designed and installed by the
DC Retailer as required for the supply of DC Retailer Services to Customers.

DC Retailer Meter – means any apparatus owned, operated and maintained by the DC
Retailer used in or in connection with DC Retailer Facilities for the purpose of determining the
Cooling Energy and Cooling Demand of a Building or a group of Buildings.

DC Retailer Services – means any activity by a DC Provider or DC Retailer related to:

a. The provision of Cooling Energy by the DC Provider to Customers; or
b. The purchase of Cooling Energy by means of Chilled Water from a DC Provider and
resale of the Cooling Energy to Customers.

DC Retailer Side – means the DC Retailer side at the Point of Delivery (to Retailer).

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DC Service – means provision and sale of Cooling Energy by means of Chilled Water from a
DC Provider to a DC Retailer or Customer, or from a DC Retailer to a Customer.

DC System – means the equipment comprising a system of centralized production and

distribution of Cooling Energy in the form of Chilled Water from a DC Plant to multiple Buildings
through a DC Network.

Delta T – means the difference in temperature between Chilled Water Supply and Chilled
Water Return.

Direct Connection – means supply of Cooling Energy from a DC Provider to a DC Retailer,

or from a DC Retailer to a Customer, without transfer of Cooling Energy through one or more
heat exchangers.

District Cooling – means the centralized production and distribution of Cooling Energy in the
form of Chilled Water from a DC Plant to multiple Buildings through a DC Network.

Energy Transfer Station – means equipment used to facilitate the interconnection and
transfer of Cooling Energy between DC Provider Facilities and DC Retailer Facilities, or
between DC Retailer Facilities and a Building System.

ETS Meter – means a Meter installed in an ETS.

Exemption – means an exemption from a specified provision of this Code, granted by the
Regulator.

Existing Meter – means a Meter which was installed before the effective date of this Code.

Good Industry Practice – means in relation to any undertaking and any circumstances, the
exercise of that degree of skill, diligence, prudence and foresight which would reasonably and
ordinarily be expected from a skilled and experienced operator engaged in the same type of
undertaking.

Heat Exchanger – means heat transfer equipment installed as part of the ETS in an Indirect
Connection.

Indirect Connection – means supply of Cooling Energy from a DC Provider to a DC Retailer

or DC Customer, or from a DC Retailer to a Customer, using one or more Heat Exchangers.

Instation – means a computer-based system which collects or receives data on a routine

basis from a Meter.

Landlord Areas – means areas in a Building with multiple Tenants which are common areas
(halls, lobbies, etc.) not occupied by Tenants.

Licensed Entity – means a DC Provider or DC Retailer licensed to provide DC Provider

Services or DC Retailer Services, respectively.

Meter – means a set of equipment for measuring Cooling Energy and Cooling Load and which
may refer to a DC Provider Meter or DC Retailer Meter.

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New DC Plant Meter – means a DC Plant Meter which has been installed after the effective
date of this Code.

New Meter – means a Meter which has been installed after the effective date of this Code.

Peak Cooling Load – means the maximum instantaneous Cooling Load during a certain time
period (day, month, year).

Periodic Inspection and Testing – means an inspection and test performed to determine the
accuracy of equipment which have been put into service in accordance with this Code.

Point of Delivery (to DC Retailer) – means, for an Indirect Connection, the supply pipe flange
on the DC Retailer Side of the heat exchanger(s) forming part of the DC Provider’s Facilities;
and for a Direct Connection, the point at which the supply pipe flange forming part of the DC
Provider’s Facilities connects with the DC Retailer Facilities. See Appendix A.

Point of Delivery (to Customer) – means, for an Indirect Connection, the supply pipe flange
on the Building Side of the heat exchanger(s) connected to the Building System; and for a
Direct Connection, the point at which the supply pipe flange forming part of the DC Retailer
Facilities connects with the Building System. See Appendix A.

Point of Return (from DC Retailer) – means, for an Indirect Connection, the return pipe
flange on the DC Retailer Side of the heat exchanger(s) forming part of the DC Provider’s
Facilities; and for a Direct Connection, the point at which the return pipe flange forming part of
the DC Provider’s Facilities connects with the DC Retailer Facilities. See Appendix A.

Point of Return (from Customer) – means, for an Indirect Connection, the return pipe flange
on the Building Side of the heat exchanger(s) connected to the Building System; and for a
Direct Connection, the point at which the return pipe flange forming part of the DC Retailer
Facilities connects with the Building System. See Appendix A.

Qualified Persons – means a person who has been certified by the Regulator to undertake
a specific activity.

Reconditioning and Recalibration – means a repair or corrective activity to ensure that the
accuracy of Meters is within the permissible tolerance for service through another Service
Interval. Reconditioning may include recalibration, cleaning, replacing batteries and/or
replacement of defective or worn parts.

Regulator – means the agency of the Government of Abu Dhabi which is responsible for
implementation of this Code.

Service Interval – means the time between Periodic Inspection and Testing events.

Tenant – means the occupant of an apartment, home unit, office or other form of segregated
space within a Building.

Tenant Cooling Energy – means the Cooling Energy of a Tenant.

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2.3 Abbreviations

ºC – degrees Celsius

CHW – Chilled Water

DC -- District Cooling

ΔT – Delta T

ETS – Energy Transfer Station

HEX – Heat Exchanger

2.4 Units

Table 1 shows the numerical units used in this document.

Table 1: Units

Unit Abbreviation

Cooling Energy kiloWatt-hours cooling kWhc

Cooling Load or Demand kiloWatts cooling kW c
Volume litre l
Flow litres per second l/s
Length centimetre cm
Temperature degree celsius ºC
milligram mg
Mass gram g
kilogram kg
Conductivity micro-Siemens per centimeter µs/cm

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3. General Conditions
3.1 Introduction

These General Conditions contain provisions which are of general application to the District
Cooling Metering Code.

3.2 Registration

Each Licensed Entity is required to register in writing with the Regulator each Meter at or
associated with each site where such Licensed Entity provides DC Service.

Registration information for New Meters shall include:

1. Identity of the Licensed Entity owning the Meter;
2. Identity of the entity receiving DC Service;
3. Full technical description of the Meter;
4. Single line drawing of the installation;
5. All applicable calibration documentation applying to the Meter; and
6. Confirmation by the Licensed Entity that the Meter is compliant with the Code.

Registration information for Existing Meters shall include items 1-5 above.

Each Licensed Entity shall notify the Regulator regarding the disconnection of any Meter,
including full registration information on the Meter and the reason for disconnection.

3.3 Maintenance of Register and Documents

The Regulator shall establish and keep up to date a register of all Meters, including any site
disconnections as notified to it pursuant to this Code.

3.4 Code Exemptions

If, for financial reasons or reasons of practicality, Meters to which this Code applies do not
comply with some or all of the requirements of the Code, the Licensed Entity may make an
application to the Regulator for an Exemption. Such application should be made in writing and
the response to any such application shall also be in writing.

The Regulator shall be responsible for maintaining an up-to-date register of all Exemption
applications together with their approval status. District Cooling Metering Code Review Panel
members shall be informed of the outcome of such applications.

DC Providers shall be notified by the Regulator if a DC Retailer to which it provides service

has made an application for an Exemption.

3.5 District Cooling Metering Code Review Panel

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The Regulator shall establish and maintain a single panel, which shall be a standing body to
carry out the functions referred to below. The panel shall:
1. Keep the District Cooling Metering Code and its working under review;
2. Review all suggestions for amendments to the District Cooling Metering Code;
3. Publish recommendations as to amendments to the District Cooling Metering Code
that DC Providers, DC Retailers, Customers or the Panel feels are necessary or
desirable and the reasons for the recommendations;
4. Issue guidance in relation to the District Cooling Metering Code and its implementation,
performance and interpretation when asked to do so by any DC Providers, DC
Retailers, or Customers; and
5. Consider what changes are necessary to the District Cooling Metering Code arising
out of any unforeseen circumstances.

The Panel shall consist of a membership determined by the Regulator.

The Panel shall establish and comply at all times with its own rules and procedures relating to
the conduct of its business, which shall be approved by the Regulator.

3.6 Duty of Good Faith and Standard of Conduct

Each party to the Code shall at all times in its dealings with the other parties to this Code:
1. Act in good faith; and
2. Act in accordance with Good Industry Practice.

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4. District Cooling Metering Technical
Requirements
4.1 Introduction

These District Cooling Metering Technical Requirements specify:

1. Quantities to be measured and recorded by Meters;
2. Meter components and technology;
3. Metering points;
4. Required accuracy of Meters;
5. Procedures for calibration, installation, testing and commissioning of Meters;
6. Procedures for periodic inspection and testing of Meters;
7. Requirements and procedures relating to data collection; and
8. Handling of disputes relating to Meters.

4.2 Measured Quantities

The quantities summarised in Table 2 shall be measured in DC Plant Meters. The quantities
summarised in Table 3 shall be measured in ETS Meters, unless the Meter is a Tenant Meter
subject to a Code Exemption per Section 4.5 (in which case only parameters 11 and 12 apply).

Table 2: Measured Quantities in DC Plant Meters

Unit of Location of
Parameter # Parameter measured Purpose of measurement
measurement measurement
Determine DC Provider Cooling
CHW Flow Rate to DC DC Network Supply
1 litres/second Energy production; compliance with
Network Header
KPIs 2-5
Peak CHW Flow Rate to DC Network Supply Determine DC Provider Peak
2 litres/second
DC Network Header Cooling Load
CHW Make-Up Water Chilled water make up lineWater management; determine
3 litres/second
Flow Rate compliance with KPI 7
Cooling Tower Make-Up Condenser Cooling
4 litres/second Water management
Water Flow Rate System
Potable Water Supply PW Supply from Water Water management; determine
5 litres/second
Flow Rate Utility compliance with KPI 6
Recycled Water Supply RW Supply from Water
6 litres/second Water management
Flow Rate Utility
Seawater Supply Flow
7 litres/second Seawater Intake Pipe Water management
Rate
8 Wastewater Flow Rate litres/second Sewer Disposal Point Regulatory compliance
Determine DC Provider Cooling
CHW Supply Temperature DC Network Supply
9 ºC Energy production; compliance with
to DC Network Header
KPIs 2-5
Determine DC Provider Cooling
CHW Return Temperature DC Network Return
10 ºC Energy production; compliance with
from DC Network Header
KPIs 2-5

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 Table 3: Measured Quantities in ETS Meters

Unit of Location of
Parameter # Parameter measured Purpose of measurement
measurement measurement

CHW Flow Rate to ETS Determine Cooling Energy delivered

11 litres/second Return side of ETS
from DC Network to ETS
Peak CHW Flow Rate to Determine Peak Cooling Load
12 litres/second Return side of ETS
ETS from DC Network delivered to ETS
CHW Supply Temperature Determine Cooling Energy delivered
13 ºC DC Supply Side of ETS
to ETS to ETS
CHW Return Temperature Determine Cooling Energy delivered
14 ºC DC Return Side of ETS
from ETS to ETS

The quantities summarised in Table 4 shall be calculated from the measured quantities in DC
Plant Meters. The quantities summarised in Table 5 shall be calculated from the measured
quantities in ETS Meters, unless the Meter is a Tenant Meter subject to a Code Exemption
per Section 4.5 (in which case only parameter ETS 4 shall apply).

Table 4: Calculated Quantities in DC Plant Metering

Measured
Unit of
Parameter # Parameter calculated parameters
measurement
used

DC 1 DC System Delta T ºC 9, 10
DC 2 Totalised Cooling Energy to DC Network kWhc 1, 9, 10
DC 3 Instantaneous Peak Cooling Load kW c 2, 9, 10
DC 4 Totalised CHW Make-Up Volume litres 3
DC 5 Totalised Cooling Tower Make-Up Volume litres 4
DC 6 Totalised PW Volume litres 5
DC 7 Totalised RW Volume litres 6
DC 8 Totalised Seawater Volume litres 7
DC 9 Totalised Wastewater Volume litres 8

Table 5: Calculated Quantities in ETS Metering

Measured
Unit of
Parameter # Parameter calculated parameters
measurement
used
ETS 1 ETS Delta T ºC 13, 14
ETS 2 Totalised Cooling Energy kWhc 11, 13, 14
ETS 3 Instantaneous Peak Cooling Load kW c 12, 13, 14
ETS 4 Totalised CHW Flow Volume litres 11

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4.3 Meter Components and Technology

4.3.1 Meter Components

Meters shall consist of the following, unless the Meter is a Tenant Meter subject to a Code
Exemption per Section 4.5 (in which case only item 1 applies):
1. A CHW flow meter;
2. Paired temperature sensors; and
3. An energy calculator that integrates the CHW flow and temperature data.

New Meters with a diameter less than 150 mm shall be supplied with all above components
included as a complete unit, factory-calibrated with accuracy performance ratings.

4.3.2 Meter Technology

New flow meters shall be fast responding type (capable of measuring rapid dynamic variations
in the exchanged heat) in order to ensure adequate performance during short peaks in
consumption.

New Magnetic Induction (MID) flow meters shall be used only if the following DC System CHW
qualities can be consistently achieved:
1. Minimum CHW conductivity according to flow meter manufacturer’s requirements
(typically ≥ 5 µs/cm); and
2. CHW magnetite content less than 0.1 mg/kg.

4.3.3 Design of Metering Installation

New Metering installations shall be designed to facilitate the future on-site testing of Meters.
Appropriate test pipe work shall be provided to facilitate on site verification testing of the Meter.
Such test pipework should also enable efficient removal of Meters for off-site re-calibration
whilst minimising any disruption to metered flow.

4.3.4 Sealing

A security seal shall be fitted to all New Meters to prevent access to components which may
affect its metrological characteristics or affect the ability of the meter to record actual
consumption. This security seal shall perform the function of:
1. Identifying that no internal access has been gained to the Meter; and
2. That the Meter functioned to acceptable standards when sealed.

Licensed Entities shall ensure that the Meters for which they are responsible are sealed.

Licensed Entities shall arrange for all Meters and their associated communications equipment
to be sealed following registration, or Reconditioning and Recalibration, or any test or
inspection thereof, except where sealing is deemed impractical in the reasonable opinion of
the Regulator with regard to the physical configuration at each site. No seals applied shall be
broken or removed except in the presence of, or with the consent of, the Licensed Entity
responsible for the Meter.

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4.4 Metering Points

Appendix A – ETS Metering Points describes and illustrates Points of Supply and Points of
Return under a range of possible relationships between DC Providers, DC Retailers and
Customers. The schematic diagrams in Figure 1 and Figure 2 indicate the location of flow
meters and temperature sensors for the various types of connections. The location of the flow
meter is the Metering Point. Existing Meter installations may differ from the arrangement
depicted in Appendix A.

All Tenant areas and Landlord Areas for which DC Service is initiated after the effective date
of this Code shall be individually metered, in accordance with requirement achievement RE-
R2: Energy Monitoring & Reporting the Pearl Rating System for Estidama: Building Rating
System Design & Construction.

4.5 Alternative Metering Solution for Tenant Meters

Licensed Entities may apply to the Regulator for a Code Exemption to use an Alternative
Metering Solution for Tenant Meters.

In an Alternative Metering Solution for Tenant Meters, it is acceptable to measure Cooling

Energy and Cooling Demand in accordance with the following requirements and procedures:

1. DC Service to the Building occupied by Tenants shall be measured by a Meter meeting

all requirements of Section 4.3.

2. For each Tenant, Meters may consist of a CHW flow meter only, and the following
quantities shall be measured and recorded—
a. CHW volumetric flow rate (l/s)
b. Totalized CHW volume (l)

3. Cooling Energy for a Tenant for a Billing Period shall be = TEP x BTE

In which —

TF
TEP = + TFAP * ( BTF – ΣTF )
BTF

Individual Tenant Floor Area

TFAP =
Total Building Floor Area including Tenant Areas and Landlord Areas

TF = Individual Tenant CHW flow volume over the Billing Period

ΣTF = Sum of all Tenant CHW flow volumes over the Billing Period

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 BTF = Total CHW flow over the Billing Period for the entire building, including
common areas and fresh air cooling, as determined by the DC Provider Meter
or DC Retailer Meter installed to quantify Cooling Energy for the entire Building
BTE = Total Cooling Energy over the Billing Period for the entire building,
including common areas and fresh air cooling, as determined by the DC
Provider Meter or DC Retailer Meter installed to quantify Cooling Energy for the
entire Building

4. Cooling Demand for a Tenant for a Billing Period shall be = TFAP x BTD

In which—

Individual Tenant Floor Area

TFAP =
Total Building Floor Area including Tenant Areas and Landlord Areas

BTD = Total Cooling Demand over the Billing Period for the entire building,
including common areas and fresh air cooling, as determined by the DC
Provider Meter or DC Retailer Meter installed to quantify Cooling Demand for
the entire Building

4.6 Accuracy Requirements

The requirements of this Section shall apply to all New Meters.

The relative error of Meters, positive or negative, is expressed in percent and calculated from
the CHW flow rate in the case of the flow sensor and CHW temperature difference in the case
of the energy calculator and the temperature sensor pair.

Table 6 shows the maximum permissible relative error of each Meter component, where:

1. The error, Ef, relates the indicated value to the conventional true value of the
relationship between flow sensor output signal and mass or volume.

2. The error, Et, relates the indicated value to the conventional true value of the
relationship between temperature sensor pair output and temperature difference.

3. The error Ec, relates the indicated value to the conventional true value of the Cooling
Energy.

4. Qmax is the maximum permitted CHW flow, according to the manufacturer, where the
flow meter is able to function continuously without exceeding the maximum pressure
drop, and Q is the actual CHW flow during the test.

5. ΔTmin is the minimum permitted ΔT, according to the manufacturer, under which the
Meter shall function properly, and ΔT is the actual temperature difference between
CHW Return and CHW Supply during the test.

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 Table 6: Meter Accuracy Requirements

Reference
Component Accuracy Standard
Standard
Flow Meters
Qmax > 3 m 3 /hr Ef = ± (2 + 0.02 Q max/Q), with a maximum tolerance of 5% 1
3
Qmax ≤ 3 m /hr Ef = ± (3 + 0.05 Q max/Q), with a maximum tolerance of 5% 2
Temperature sensor pair Et = ± (0.5 + 3 x ΔTmin /ΔT) 3
Energy calculator Ec = ± (0.5 + ΔTmin /ΔT) 4

Reference Standards
1. European Standard EN 1434-1:2016, Heat meters - Part 1: General requirements, Class 2 flow meter.
2. European Standard EN 1434-1:2016, Heat meters - Part 1: General requirements, Class 3 flow meter.
3. European Standard EN 1434-1:2016, Heat meters - Part 1: General requirements, temperature sensor pair.
4. European Standard EN 1434-1:2016, Heat meters - Part 1: General requirements, energy calculator.

4.7 Calibration, Installation, Testing and Commissioning

The requirements of this Section shall apply to all New Meters.

Initial verification of Meter accuracy shall be established using procedures compliant with
European Standard EN 1434-5:2016 (Part 5: Initial verification tests).

Meters shall be installed and commissioned using procedures compliant with European
Standard EN 1434-6:2016 (Part 6: Installation, commissioning, operational monitoring and
maintenance).

Licensed Entities shall provide evidence to the Regulator confirming that, following
commissioning, Meters meet requirements of the Code. This evidence shall include a signed
and dated commissioning record.

4.8 Periodic Inspection and Testing

Periodic Inspection and Testing of Meters shall be performed to:

1. Determine the accuracy of each component of the Meter and compare with the
requirements set out in Table 6; and
2. Determine if accuracy is acceptable or if Reconditioning and Recalibration, or
replacement, is required.

If the Periodic Inspection and Testing determines that the accuracy of the component is not
acceptable, the Meter shall undergo Reconditioning and Recalibration, or be replaced.

If the Periodic Inspection and Testing determines that the accuracy of the component is
acceptable, the Meter shall remain in service until the next Periodic Inspection and Testing.

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Recalibration of Meters shall only be undertaken by suitably Accredited Test Facilities
(normally the accredited facilities of the original manufacturer or the Accredited Test Facilities
of a third party test laboratory).

Periodic Inspection and Testing shall be performed by Qualified Persons.

Periodic Inspection and Testing shall be performed no less frequently than the intervals
indicated in Table 7. If an Existing Meter, based on the results of the Periodic Inspection and
Testing, does not meet all requirements of the DC Metering Code for New Meters, it shall be
Reconditioned or Replaced.

Table 7. Maximum Interval Between Meter Component Inspection and Testing

Maximum
Meter Component
interval (years)
Large flow meters (Qmax1 > 3 m 3 /h) 5
Small flow meters (Qmax1 ≤ 3 m 3 /h) 10
Temperature sensors 10
Energy calculator 10

1
Qmax is the maximum permitted CHW flow, according to the manufacturer,
where the flow meter is able to work continuously without exceeding the
maximum pressure drop.

4.9 Data Requirements and Procedures

4.9.1 Meter Data Storage Requirement

DC Plant Meters shall be capable of storing locally in extended, non-volatile memory at least
the following:
1. Monthly value of Peak Cooling Load (kW c) with timestamp
2. Monthly value of peak CHW volumetric flow rate (l/s) with timestamp
3. Totalised Cooling Energy (kWhc) on any hourly basis
4. Totalised CHW volume (l) on an hourly basis
5. Totalised CHW Make-Up Water on a monthly basis
6. Totalised Cooling Tower Make-Up Water on a monthly basis
7. Totalised Potable Water Supply on a monthly basis
8. Totalised Recycled Water Supply on a monthly basis
9. Totalised Seawater Supply on a monthly basis
10. Totalised Wastewater Flow on a monthly basis
11. Programmed parameters/settings
12. Error/alarm codes with timestamp

ETS Meters shall be capable of storing locally in extended, non-volatile memory at least the
following, unless the Meter is a Tenant Meter subject to a Code Exemption per Section 4.5 (in
which case only item 1 applies):

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 1. Monthly value of Peak Cooling Load (kW c) with timestamp
2. Monthly value of peak CHW volumetric flow rate (l/s) with timestamp
3. Totalised Cooling Energy (kWhc) on any hourly basis
4. Totalised CHW volume (l) on an hourly basis
5. Programmed parameters/settings
6. Error/alarm codes with timestamp

4.9.2 Data Collection Requirement

The following ETS Meter data shall be available for remote collection by the Licensed Entity’s
Instation by a routine hourly interrogation, and for repeat or ad hoc collections of data as
required, unless the Meter is a Tenant Meter subject to a Code Exemption per Section 4.5 (in
which case only items 3 and 4 are required, and may be read locally):
1. Cooling Load (kW)
2. Totalised Cooling Energy (kWhc)
3. CHW volumetric flow rate (l/s)
4. Totalised CHW volume (l)
5. CHW Supply Temperature (ºC)
6. CHW Return Temperature (ºC)
7. Temperature difference between CHW Supply and Return (ºC)
8. Error/Alarm indications

Instation data storage facilities shall as a minimum include storage capacity of 24 hours per
day for a minimum of 365 days for all data values.

Any "read" operation shall not delete or alter any stored metered data.

4.9.3 Data Collection Methodology

For the purposes of remote interrogation, the Licensed Entity may use its own data
communications network or, failing this, shall enter into, manage and monitor contracts to
provide for the provision and maintenance of all data.

In each case, the prime considerations shall be security of data transfer, reliability and
adherence to national and/or international communications standards and protocols.

In the event of any fault or failure on such communication lines or any error or omission in data
transmitted, the Licensed Entity shall retrieve such data by manual on-site interrogation.

4.10 Disputes

In the event that the Licensed Entity is able to resolve a dispute regarding Meters to the
satisfaction of all parties in dispute, such resolution may be implemented as soon as is
reasonably practicable without further approval of the Regulator.

In the event that the Licensed Entity is unable to resolve any dispute regarding Meters or any
issue relating to compliance with the Code to the satisfaction of all parties in dispute, then it
shall be referred to the Regulator.

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Appendix A – ETS Metering Points
The Energy Transfer Station (ETS) serves as the point of transfer of Cooling Energy from one
entity to another. The transfer may occur between:
 The DC Provider and DC Retailer;
 The DC Provider and Customer (if the DC Provider also is the DC Retailer); or
 The DC Retailer and Customer.
There are two main types of ETS connections through which Cooling Energy is transferred:
 Indirect Connection, in which Cooling Energy is transferred from one system to another
through a heat exchanger (HEX); or
 Direct Connection, in which Cooling Energy is transferred in CHW conveyed from one
system to another without use of a HEX.
The ETS incorporates the physical boundary for ownership and responsibility for equipment.
Generally, at the ETS the Meter is composed of a flow meter, paired temperature sensors and
an integrator for calculating cooling energy consumption and demand for billing. For an
Alternative Metering Solution for Tenant Meters, per Section 4.5, the Tenant Meter is
composed of a flow meter.

Table 8 summarizes potential relationships between DC Providers, DC Retailers and

Customers. This table provides abbreviations and color-coding for the subsequent Figures.

Table 9 provides definition of the Point of Delivery and Point of Return under a range of
circumstances.

Figure 1 illustrates the delineation of responsibility for facilities and the Points of Delivery and
Points of Return when the DC Provider is same entity as the DC Retailer. Figure 2 illustrates
the delineation of responsibility for facilities and the Points of Delivery and Points of Return
when the DC Provider and the DC Retailer are different entities. Existing Meter installations
may differ from the arrangement depicted in the Figures.

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Table 8: Overview of Potential Relationships Between DC Provider, DC Retailer
and Customers

Connections Between
Who is the Provider & Retailer &
Scenario
Retailer? Retailer Customer
1.a. Provider Same Entity Indirect
1.b. Provider Same Entity Direct
2.a. Separate Retailer Indirect Indirect
2.b. Separate Retailer Direct Indirect
2.c. Separate Retailer Indirect Direct
2.d. Separate Retailer Direct Direct

Abbreviations and color codes

S Chilled water supply
R Chilled water return
HX Heat exchanger
BS Building system *
M Flow Meter
Ṭ Temperature sensor
Flange
RPOD Point of Delivery (to Retailer)
RPOR Point of Return (to Retailer)
CPOD Point of Delivery (to Customer)
CPOR Point of Return (to Customer)
DC Provider Facilities
DC Retailer Facilities
DC Customer Facilities

* This could be an entire building or individual units within a building.

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 Table 9: Definitions of Point of Delivery and Point of Return

Points of Delivery and Return for Service to DC Retailer Points of Delivery and Return for Service to Customer
Point of Delivery to Retailer Point of Return to Retailer Point of Delivery to Customer Point of Return to Customer
Scenario
(RPOD) is defined as: (RPOR) is defined as: (CPOD) is defined as: (CPOR) is defined as:

Supply pipe flange on the Building Return pipe flange on the Building
1.a. (Not applicable) (Not applicable)
DC Provider is Side of the Heat Exchanger Side of the Heat Exchanger
the same as
the DC Point at which supply pipe flange Point at which return pipe flange
Retailer forming part of the DC Provider’s forming part of the DC Provider’s
1.b. (Not applicable) (Not applicable)
Facilities connects with the Building Facilities connects with the Building
System System
Supply pipe flange on the DC Return pipe flange on the DC
Retailer Side of the Heat Retailer Side of the Heat
2.a.
Exchanger(s) forming part of the DC Exchanger(s) forming part of the DC
Provider's Facilities Provider's Facilities Supply pipe flange on the Building Return pipe flange on the Building
Side of the heat exchanger(s) Side of the heat exchanger(s)
Point at which supply pipe flange Point at which return pipe flange connected to the Building System connected to the Building System
forming part of the DC Provider's forming part of the DC Provider's
DC Provider 2.b.
Facilities connects with the DC Facilities connects with the DC
and DC Retailer Facilities Retailer Facilities
Retailer are
separate Supply pipe flange on the DC Return pipe flange on the DC
entities Retailer Side of the Heat Retailer Side of the Heat
2.c.
Exchanger(s) forming part of the DC Exchanger(s) forming part of the DC The point at which the supply pipe The point at which the return pipe
Provider's Facilities Provider's Facilities flange forming part of the DC flange forming part of the DC
Point at which supply pipe flange Point at which return pipe flange Retailer Facilities connects with the Retailer Facilities connects with the
forming part of the DC Provider's forming part of the DC Provider's Building System Building System
2.d.
Facilities connects with the DC Facilities connects with the DC
Retailer Facilities Retailer Facilities

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 Figure 1: Points of Delivery and Return When DC Provider is DC Retailer

S CP0D S

Ṭ
Ṭ

HX BS

1.a.

R M CPOR R
Ṭ

S CPOD

BS
1.b.

R CPOR
M
Ṭ

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Figure 2: Points of Delivery and Return When DC Provider and DC Retailer Are
Separate Entities

RPOD
S S

Ṭ
Ṭ CPOD Ṭ
CPOD
HX
HX S BS HX S BS
Ṭ Ṭ
2.a.
R Ṭ Ṭ
R
Ṭ
Ṭ CPOR Ṭ CPOR

M RPOR M M
R R
Ṭ

RPOD
S

Ṭ CPOD Ṭ CPOD
2.b. HX S BS HX S BS
Ṭ Ṭ

R Ṭ Ṭ
R

Ṭ CPOR Ṭ CPOR
RPOR M M
R
M
Ṭ

RPOD
S S

Ṭ
CPOD CPOD CPOD
Ṭ
Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ
HX BS BS BS

2.c.

Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ
Ṭ
CPOR CPOR CPOR

M RPOR M M M
R R
Ṭ

RPOD
S

Ṭ
CPOD CPOD CPOD
Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ
BS BS BS

2.d.
Ṭ Ṭ Ṭ
CPOR CPOR CPOR
RPOR M M M
R
M
Ṭ

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