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    Cells 3 PPT 2022 PDF

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    Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and synthesize ATP, the energy currency of cells. They contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to produce their own proteins. Mitochondria have an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for aerobic respiration.

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    Cells 3 PPT 2022 PDF

    Uploaded by

    NinjaTylerFortniteBlevins 2.0
    14 views25 pages
    Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and synthesize ATP, the energy currency of cells. They contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to produce their own proteins. Mitochondria have an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for aerobic respiration.

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    Cells 3 Ppt 2022 PDF

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    Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and synthesize ATP, the energy currency of cells. They contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to produce their own proteins. Mitochondria have an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for aerobic respiration.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views25 pages

    Cells 3 PPT 2022 PDF

    Uploaded by

    NinjaTylerFortniteBlevins 2.0
    Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and synthesize ATP, the energy currency of cells. They contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to produce their own proteins. Mitochondria have an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for aerobic respiration.

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    Cell Structure 2

    Recognise organelles and other cell structures found in


    eukaryotic cells and outline their structures and functions,
    limited to:
    • nucleus, nuclear envelope and nucleolus
    • mitochondria (including small circular DNA)
    • chloroplasts (including small circular DNA)
    Nucleus
     Largest cell organelle

     Nucleolus/nucleoli :
    • round body inside the nucleus
    • contains own DNA that
    encodes ribosomes
    Nuclear Pores:
    allow and control exchange
    between nucleus and
    cytoplasm
    Outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic
    reticulum (ER)
    Name of organelle Nucleus
    Structure • Largest organelle
    description • Mostly spherical
    • Double membrane bound
    • Intensively stained visible under microscope
    Copy the table in your
    Components • Nuclear membrane
    notebooks and complete it
    • Nuclear pore
    in 5 minutes. Proceed to • Nucleolus
    the board and write • Chromatin/chromosome/nucleoplasm
    appropriate descriptions
    Function
    opposite each row. Stores heredity material in the form of deoxy-
    ribonucleic acid (DNA) strands.

    Labelled diagram
    - See next slide
    Name of organelle Mitochondria

    Structure description • Double membrane bound


    • Varied shape (sausage shape or spherical)
    • 1 μm size
    Components • Has outer membarane which is more permeable than inner
    membrane
    • Cristae (foldings of inner membrane) to increase surface area
    • Mitochondrial Matrix contains chemicals needed in reactions
    • Has circular DNA and 70S ribosomes to make its own proteins
    Function Carry out aerobic respiration
    Synthesis of ATP (energy currency of cells)

    Labelled diagram - See next slides


    70S ribosome

    *S = sedimentation coefficient Circular DNA


    (Svedberg unit = 10-13 second)
    Annotated diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate adaptations to its function
    TRANSMISSION
    ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

    Liver cell from a rat as Cardiac muscle cell from the


    seen with a TEM. heart as seen with a TEM.
    Name of organelle Chloroplast

    Structure description • Oval shaped


    • Double membrane bound
    • Has outer and inner membrane
    • 3 - 10 μm (visible under light microscope)
    Components • Has its own DNA and 70S ribosomes
    • Stroma: colourless fluid inside the chloroplast
    • Thylakoid: flattened membrane sacs containing chlorophyll
    • Grana: stacks of thylakoid
    Function Site of photosynthesis

    Labelled diagram See next slide


    Annotated diagram of a chloroplast to indicate adaptations to its function

    Outer membrane
    permeable for small Inner membrane
    organic molecules less permeable with
    transport proteins

    Circular DNA
    contains chloroplast genome

    Granum/Grana
    Increase surface area of Thylakoids Stroma
    thylakoids for more light contain chlorophyll for contains metabolic enzyme
    absorption into chlorophyll photosynthesis
    In pairs, Draw and complete this Venn Diagram to
    compare chloroplasts from mitochondria in 5
    minutes

    Mitochondria Chloroplasts
    Practice questions
    No Expected answer marks

    1a 2

    Answer:
    mitochondrion ; A mitochondria

    max 1 for function produces /makes / synthesises /provides


    /AW, ATP or releases / provides / supplies, energy or
    aerobic respiration ;
    AVP ; e.g. part of the urea cycle β-oxidation of fat oxidative
    phosphorylation
    Answer:
    2b 2

    (mitochondria) provide / make / produce, ATP ;


    A needs a lot of, ATP / energy
    R ‘produce / make, energy’

    (ATP / energy required for) protein synthesis / movement of


    (secretory / Golgi) vesicles / exocytosis ;
    Answer:
    2

    any two from


    1 mitochondria have (circular) DNA ;

    2 mitochondria, have / make, (70S) ribosomes (for, protein synthesis / translation) ;


    R if 80S ribosomes

    3 mitochondria can divide ;


    R by mitosis

    4 AVP ;
    e.g. (mitochondrial / mt) DNA codes for (some mitochondrial) proteins
    mRNA transcribed from mtDNA
    mitochondria produce their own tRNA
    can replicate DNA
    I mitochondria have a double membrane

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