Biological and Cultural Evolution

Human Biocultural
and Social Evolution

Objectives:
• a. trace the biological and cultural evolution of early
to modern humans (UCSP11/12HBSIe-12)
• b. explores the significance of human material
remains and artefactual evidence in interpreting
cultural and social, including political and economic,
processes (UCSP11/12HBS- If-13)
• c. recognizes national, local, and specialized
museums, and archaeological and historical sites as
venues to appreciate and reflect on the complexities
of biocultural and social evolution as part of being and
becoming human (UCSP11/12HBS- If-14).
What can you say
about the following
pictures?
•A gradual development of something
Evolution
Biological and cultural evolution of human beings
Greek Philosophers human beings form

Roman Philosophers a connection with
Lucretius humans were Aristotle Plato the universe
cave-dwellers
Biblical Account Social Scientists
human beings learned to adapt their
Book of Genesis humans were environment through social evolution
created by God with process of socialization and
and the first enculturation whereby it was explained
parents were Adam through biological and cultural evolution
and Eve
Biological evolution
• refers to the changes, modifications,

and variations in the genetics and
inherited traits of biological populations
from one generation to another.
Biological evolution
• It is also a process whereby organisms

undergo various genetic and physical
changes that pave the way for biological
diversity. This includes physical changes in
the body of humans like its shape, size of
body organs, movement, and the
development of the feet in a straight posture
(Jeffery, 2019).
Charles
Darwin
Natural • is a change of species in small ways,
Selection causing a population to change color or size
over the course of several generations.
•variation
•competition
•inheritance
Cultural or sociocultural
evolution
• refers to the changes or development in

cultures from a simple form to a more
complex form of human culture.
Cultural or sociocultural
evolution
• This happens as a result of human adaptation to

different factors like climatic changes and
population increase. Scientists studied this by
analyzing the changes in the way of life reflected
in the different man-made tools and equipment
that they humans have used. to the changes or
development in cultures from a simple form to a
more complex form of human culture.
ARTIFACTS
Stone tools
jars ornaments
metal tools
ceramics
Other organisms found in rock
From Hominid to
Homo sapiens sapiens
Sahelanthropus
Ardipithecus
• is the general term used by scientists to
Australopithecus
categorize the group of early humans and other
Homo humanlike creatures that can walk erect during
Hominid
the prehistoric times.
• Hominids are divided into four categories
based on the age of artifacts and fossils found:
Australopithecus
• The 3.2 million years old Australopithecus afarensis fossil
named “Lucy,” discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia in November 1974
by paleoanthropologists led by Dr. Donald Johanson, was
considered as one of the modern human’s earliest ancestors
and the most famous hominid fossil discovered.
• are considered as the first
stage of human evolution
together with Sahelanthropus
and Ardipithecus.
Paleoanthropologists
are the people who study the origin and development of human beings dealing with fossil hominids.
However, Australopithecus disappeared in the
evolutionary map million years ago and was
replaced by the Homo .
HOMO HABILIS HOMO ERECTUS

HOMO SAPIENS
Homo
• a much more intelligent hominids who were classified as humans and humanlike creatures because of having
bigger brains and two feet that erect walk.
• From the fossil evidences, it was believed that Homo first lived in Africa for about 2.4 million years ago.
Homo habilis
(handy man)
• 3-4 feet
• Brain size: 700 cc
• was the direct ancestor of the modern
human because of its ability to produce
tools.
Homo erectus (upright
man)
• Large Brain size: 1000 cc

• Lived in shelters
• Food gatherers
• Crafted materials
• it is believed that it is more intelligent and more adaptable
than Homo habilis in terms of cultural development.
Homo erectus (upright man)
It was believed that Home erectus can do the following:

(1) species are said to be intelligent because of its
ability to invent and develop different technologies to respond to their needs;
(2) First species to use fire and to live in caves and small houses made of tree branches;
(3) first Homo to use spoken language;
(4) able to develop different religious rituals particularly burial practices;
(5) fossil was first discovered in Africa;
(6) first Homo to leave Africa and travel to other continents like Asia and Southern
Europe; and
(7) First Homo to survive Asia.
Java Man
• The first Homo erectus fossil in Asia was found in the
Longgupo Cave in China and was believed to have lived around
1.9 million years ago.
• Another evidence was excavated by Eugene Dubois (1848-
1940), a Dutch anatomist and geologist, in Trinil, Java,
Indonesia.
• was recorded to be 1.8 million years of age
Peking Man
• Another Homo erectus was discovered in
1920 in Zhoukoudian, China
• and was estimated to have lived for about
1.1. million to 1 million years ago
the Homo sapiens (thinking man)
•who was considered as the modern man.

Their physical anatomy has similarity with
modern human beings the reason why they are
considered as the species where modern
humans belong to.
the Homo sapiens (thinking man)
Unlike other Homo species, Homo sapiens made smoothened
tools and had more developed shelters and advanced
technology. Examples are the different stone tools like fish
hooks, harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers, and sewing
needles. Even if that it was Homo erectus were believed to
develop oral languages, anthropologists argued that it was the
Homo sapiens who first develop and use that skill because they
have more developed brains and speech organs.
Cro-Magnon or the
Homo
neanderthalensis
• are considered as the first group of

Homo Sapiens during the past years
but after conducting DNA analysis of
Neanderthal in 1997, it was proven
that it was not an ancestor of modern
humans.
Cro-Magnon or the
Homo
neanderthalensis
With that, Cro-Magnon was known to be the first fossil

skeleton to be considered as a species of the Home sapiens
called Homo sapiens sapiens (wise man). Cro-Magnon
fossils and artifacts were first found in Europe but is believed
that it first appeared in North Africa and later on travelled to
Europe and Asia.
Homo sapiens sapiens
(wise man)
• who was considered as the modern man.

Their physical anatomy has similarity with
modern human beings the reason why they
are considered as the species where modern
humans belong to.
Museums Museums are places where people can be able to see and
appreciate various artifacts, fossils, and other proofs that
can tell the history of the past.
Museums
As for Eric Lefebvre, director of the Cernuschi Museum in
China, museums open doors, bringing people closer to a
different culture – to hear, to see, and to experience where
one door will lead into many entry points of history.
The National Museum of the Philippines which is divided into three major galleries:
• National Museum of Natural History,
• National Museum of Anthropology, and
• National Museum of Fine Arts.
The National Museum is an educational, scientific and cultural institution that acquires,
documents, preserves, exhibits, and fosters scholarly study and public appreciation of works
of art, specimens, and cultural and historical artifacts representative of our unique to
the cultural heritage of the Filipino people and the natural history of the Philippines
(National Museum of the Philippines, 2016).
Museums

Biological and Cultural Evolution

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biological and Cultural Evolution

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biological and Cultural Evolution

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Human Biocultural

and Social Evolution

Greek Philosophers human beings form

• refers to the changes, modifications,

• It is also a process whereby organisms

• refers to the changes or development in

• This happens as a result of human adaptation to

HOMO HABILIS HOMO ERECTUS

• Large Brain size: 1000 cc

It was believed that Home erectus can do the following:

•who was considered as the modern man.

• are considered as the first group of

With that, Cro-Magnon was known to be the first fossil

• who was considered as the modern man.

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.