ADD MATH

School Based Assessment

Year of Examination 2022-2023

Subject: CSEC Additional Mathematics
Center Number: 160073
Center Name: St. Mary's College

Candidate Names: Shayn Ryan, Kenai Noel, Shorn Michael Solomon

Candidate Numbers: 1600731411, 1600731136, 1600731497
Name of Teacher: Mr. Sarafat
The study on persons to determine if a person’s height
determines how far they can kick a ball.
 Table of Contents
Purpose of SBA .......................................................................................................... 1
Method of Data Collection ........................................................................................ 2
Presentation of Data ................................................................................................. 3
Analysis of Data ......................................................................................................... 6
Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 10
 Purpose of SBA
The history of humans kicking balls goes back thousands of years to Mesoamerican civilizations.
During these times the objective was to get the ball through a stone ring that is mounted onto a
tall vertical wall. This game was called “Pok Ta’ Pok”. In more recent times, the game has been
refined to what we now know as football.

Kicking a ball accurately over a desired distance to an intended target is arguably the most
important skill to acquire in Football. Therefore, understanding the potential mechanisms which
underpin kicking accuracy is warranted. The aim of this SBA is to examine the relationship
between the height of a person and how far they can kick a ball in Football. The data gathered
here could be used to help football coaches pick players and others to decide if their height will
affect them in playing the game at a professional level.

The objectives are as follows:

1. Calculation of the mean, median and standard deviation of each of the participants kicks.
2. Construction of a stem and leaf diagram to display the data for each participant.
3. Calculation of the quartiles, that is, the first quartile, second quartile and third quartile.
Draw the corresponding box and whiskers diagrams.
4. Comparing and contrasting of the box and whiskers diagrams regarding (i) the longest,
shortest kick (ii) skewness (iii) which participant you will select for a competition?
5. Determining the probability that each participant kicked the ball greater than and equal to
the third quartile of the group data.

Page 1 of 10
 Method of Data Collection
An experiment was conducted in an open field with 20 participants, where we measured their
heights and the distance, they could kick a football. This was recorded to determine the affect
height has on persons kicking a football.

The steps below were carried out to determine the participants heights.

1. Each participant was asked to stand straight.

2. The measuring tape was held at the participant’s feet directly in front of them.
3. The measuring tape was extended to reach the top of their forehead.
4. The height was recorded at eye level.

The steps below were carried out to determine the distance the participants could kick a football.

1. Each participant was asked to kick the football without a runup to the football.
2. The measuring tape was held at the base of the participant’s feet.
3. The measuring tape was extending tautly until the football was reached.
4. The distance was recorded at the center of the football.

Symbol Formulae
𝑥̅ ∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑛
Range Largest number – Smallest number
Q1 position 𝑛+1
4
Q2 position 𝑛+1
2
Q3 position 3(𝑛 + 1)
4
IQR Q3 – Q1
SIQR 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
2
S ̅̅̅2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥)
√
𝑛
𝑆2 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥 − ̅̅̅
𝑥)2
𝑛

The type of data to be gathered is discrete data.

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 Presentation of Data
The table below shows the height of each of the 20 participants and the distance they kick a
football.

Participants Height (feet)/(inches) Distance (cm)

1. 5”10 2103.12
2. 5”10 2712.72
3. 5”10 2324.1
4. 5”10 2552.7
5. 5”11 2926.08
6. 5”11 2854.96
7. 5”11 2103.12
8. 5”11 3091.18
9. 5”6 1882.14
10. 5”6 2275.84
11. 5”6 1623.06
12. 5”6 2026.92
13. 5”7 1902.46
14. 5”7 2103.12
15. 5”7 3182.62
16. 5”7 2021.84
17. 6” 2184.4
18. 6” 2451.1
19. 6” 3035.3
20. 6” 2707.64
Figure #1

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The bar graph below shows the height of each of the 20 participants and the distance they kick
a football.

3500

3000

2500
Distance (cm)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
5'7"
5'6"
5'6"
5'6"
5'6"
5'7"
5'7"
5'7"

6'
6'
6'
6'
5'10"
5'10"
5'10"
5'10"
5'11"
5'11"
5'11"
5'11"
Height (feet)/(inches)

Figure #2

The table below shows the average distance the participants kick a football in the different
height groupings.

Height Mean distance per height

5’6” 1951.99
5’7” 2302.51
5’10” 2423.16
5’11” 2743.835
6’ 2594.61
Figure #3

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 The line graph below shows the average distance the participants kick a football in the different
height groupings. The graph is easier to see which group kicked the football the furthest in a
more visual manner.

AVERAGE DISTANCE PER HEIGHT

3000

2500
Distance(cm)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
5”6 5”7 5”10 5”11 6''
Height

Figure #4

The pie chart below shows the number of participants per height group.

Number of Participants for each Height

4 4

4 4

5”6 5”7 5”10 5”11 6''

Figure #5

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 Analysis of Data
Objective 1:

Distance (cm)/
x-xbar x-xbar^2
(x)

2103.12 -300.101 90060.6102

2712.72 309.499 95789.631
2324.1 -79.121 6260.132641
2552.7 149.479 22343.97144
2926.08 522.859 273381.5339
2854.96 451.739 204068.1241
2103.12 -300.101 90060.6102
3091.18 687.959 473287.5857
1882.14 -521.081 271525.4086
2275.84 -127.381 16225.91916
1623.06 -780.161 608651.1859
2026.92 -376.301 141602.4426
1902.46 -500.761 250761.5791
2103.12 -300.101 90060.6102
3182.62 779.399 607462.8012
2021.84 -381.381 145451.4672
2184.4 -218.821 47882.63004
2451.1 47.879 2292.398641
3035.3 632.079 399523.8622
2707.64 304.419 92670.92756
Total= 3929363.432

Figure #5

∑ 𝑓𝑥
Therefore, the mean distance (𝑥̅ ) = 𝑛
48064.42
= 20
= 2403.221 cm

𝑛+1
The median = 2
20+1
= = 10.5th position
2
= 2299.97 cm

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 ̅̅̅2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑥)
The Variance, 𝑆 2 = 𝑛
3929363.432
= 20
= 196468.1716 cm

̅̅̅2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑥)
The Standard Deviation, S = √ 𝑛
= √196468.1716
= 442.25 cm (2d.p.)

Objective 2:

The stem and leaf diagram below shows the distance the football was kicked by the 20
participants with the distances going in ascending order.

Stem Leaf
162 3.06
188 2.14
190 2.46
202 1.84, 6.92
210 3.12, 3.12, 3.12
218 4.4
227 5.84
232 4.1
245 1.1
255 2.7
270 7.64
271 2.72
285 4.96
292 6.08
303 5.3
309 1.18
318 2.62
Key: 303|5.3 means 3035.3cm
Figure #6

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Objective 3:

The Range = Largest distance – Smallest Distance

= 3182.62- 1623.06
= 1559.56 cm

𝑛+1
The lower quartile (Q1) =
4
20+1
= =5.25th position
4
=2065.02 cm

3(𝑛+1)
The upper quartile (Q3) =
4
3(20+1)
= =15.75th position
4
=2783.84 cm

𝑛+1
The median (Q2) = 2
20+1
= = 10.5th position
2
= 2299.97 cm

The interquartile range, IQR = Q3 – Q1

= 718.82 cm

(𝑄3−𝑄1)
The semi-interquartile range, SIQR = 2
= 359.41 cm

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The box and whisker diagram below shows the furthest and shortest distance that the football
was kicked along with Q1, Q2 and Q3.

Figure 7

Objective 4:

i. The longest kick was 3182.62cm and the shortest kick was 1623.06cm. The longest kick
was done by a person of height 5’7” and the shortest kick was done by a person of height
5’6”.

ii. The data is positively skewed.

iii. For a competition, participant 15 who is 5’’7’ would be chosen to play due to them having
the furthest distance kicked.

Objective 5:

Probability that a participant has a distance greater than or equal to the third quartile.

Q3= 2783.84 cm
Participants with a distance greater than Q3: 5, 6, 8, 15, 19
Total participants(n) = 20
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐≥𝑄3
Therefore, the probability = 𝑛
5
=20
P=¼
Note most of these participants are either 5’11 or 6’’ with only one being 5’’7.

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 Conclusion
Limitations of the SBA:
• The sample size was small with only 20 participants. The findings would be more accurate
with the more participants involved in the experiment.

• People walked away before extra readings for distance could be measured.

The findings from this experiment was that the furthest distance football kick was 3182.62cm at a
height of 5’7” while the shortest distance football kick was 1623.06cm at a height of 5’6”. The
median distance that the football was kicked out of the data was 2299.97 cm which is the average
distance between two participants of heights 5’6” and 5’10”. This can be seen in Figure 1. From
the data gathered in the experiment it is shown that the taller people generally kick the football a
greater distance but there are some outliers where the shorter people also kick a long distance. In
Figure 3&4, the participants are grouped in terms of height and the highest average distance went
to the 5”11 group with 2743.835cm instead of the 6” group with 2594.61cm. Using this data, it
can be concluded that height has no correlation to the distance a person can kick a football. This
is because the highest average distances were done by the 5’11” group but the furthest distance
was done by a much shorter person of height 5’7”.

If this experiment was to be conducted again, it would be recommended that the distances
measured multiple times to find a more accurate average.

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