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    Lecture 1

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    souravcanfly
    This document discusses particle motion in one dimension. It defines key terms like position, displacement, average velocity, average speed, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration. Position is defined as the location of an object relative to a reference point. Displacement is the change in position between two points and indicates both magnitude and direction of motion. Average velocity is the ratio of displacement to time and average speed describes how fast an object moves but does not consider direction. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration are the derivatives of position and velocity, respectively, and describe motion at a specific instant in time.

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    Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    souravcanfly
    19 views8 pages
    This document discusses particle motion in one dimension. It defines key terms like position, displacement, average velocity, average speed, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration. Position is defined as the location of an object relative to a reference point. Displacement is the change in position between two points and indicates both magnitude and direction of motion. Average velocity is the ratio of displacement to time and average speed describes how fast an object moves but does not consider direction. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration are the derivatives of position and velocity, respectively, and describe motion at a specific instant in time.

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    This document discusses particle motion in one dimension. It defines key terms like position, displacement, average velocity, average speed, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration. Position is defined as the location of an object relative to a reference point. Displacement is the change in position between two points and indicates both magnitude and direction of motion. Average velocity is the ratio of displacement to time and average speed describes how fast an object moves but does not consider direction. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration are the derivatives of position and velocity, respectively, and describe motion at a specific instant in time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views8 pages

    Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    souravcanfly
    This document discusses particle motion in one dimension. It defines key terms like position, displacement, average velocity, average speed, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration. Position is defined as the location of an object relative to a reference point. Displacement is the change in position between two points and indicates both magnitude and direction of motion. Average velocity is the ratio of displacement to time and average speed describes how fast an object moves but does not consider direction. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration are the derivatives of position and velocity, respectively, and describe motion at a specific instant in time.

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    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    Everything is in motion. Even a stationary object to you is in motion relative to other. Our
    Discussion will be limited to one dimension and for point particles (for example electron). The
    Object we will talk about will be considered as that moves like a particle (such that every portion
    moves in the same direction and at the same rate).

    Position: Can you tell me where this locates?


    The location of an object means to find its
    position relative to some reference point,
    often the origin (or zero point).
    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    Position: is a vector quantity.

    A particle move position x1 to position x2,


    called displacement. Δx= x2 - x1.

    This is not distance because a direction is associated with this(displacement).


    Q. Find out a object displacement. Mention direction.
    (Initial point, final point) =(a) (-5m ,5m): (b) (-9m, -1m): (c) (8m,-2m)

    QQ: This graph is for a ………………. Object.


    The position of object is ………..
    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    How to draw a position x(t) vs time graph.

    This curve tell as many things. How fast the object moves(average velocity, speed,
    does it change its swiftness(acceleration)?
    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    Average Velocity and Average Speed:

    The average velocity Vavg is the ratio of the displacement -x that


    occurs during a particular time interval Δt to that interval:

    Average speed Savg is a different way of describing “how fast” a particle


    Moves.

    Can You visualize the difference of this two Quantities?


    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    Problem 1:The position of an object moving along an x axis is given by x= 3t-4t2+ t3 (position
    as a function of time,), where x is in meters and t in seconds. Find the position of the object at
    the following values of t: (a) 1 s, (b) 2 s, (c) 3 s, and (d) 4 s. (e) What is the object’s
    displacement between t=0 and t = 4 s? (f) What is its average velocity for the time interval from
    t = 2 s to t = 4 s?.

    Problem 2:You drive on Interstate 10 from San Antonio to Houston, half the time at 55 km/h and
    the other half at 90 km/h. On the way back you travel half the distance at 55 km/h and the other
    half at 90 km/h. What is your average speed (a) from San Antonio to Houston, (b) from Houston
    back to San Antonio, and (c) for the entire trip? (d) What is your average velocity for the entire
    trip?
    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND SPEED: how fast a particle is moving at a given


    instant- known as instantaneous velocity (or simply velocity) v. If time interval Δt is very close
    to zero, then average velocity approaches to a limiting value, the instantaneous Velocity.

    Speed is nothing but the magnitude of velocity.


    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    Problem 3:The position of a particle moving


    along the x axis is given in centimeters by
    X = 9.75 - 1.50t3,where t is in seconds. Calculate
    (a) the average velocity during the time interval
    t = 2.00 s to t = 3.00 s; (b) the instantaneous
    velocity at t =2.00 s; (c) the instantaneous
    velocity at t =3.00 s;
    Particle Motion in One Dimension

    ACCELERATION:Average acceleration is the ratio of a change in velocity Δv to the time


    interval Δt in which the change occurs.

    If a positive means velocity increasing, negative means velocity negative.

    Instantaneous acceleration (is the change of velocity at an instant or simply acceleration) a) is


    the first time derivative of velocity v(t) and the second time derivative of position x(t):

    In the Last graphs, we took first derivatives to know velocity and then again took derivatives to

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