CHAPTER 1

Presented by: Group 1

INTRODUCTION:
The history of swimming dates back to ancient times, as
evidenced by cave paintings depicting various styles. Over
the years, swimming evolved from sacred immersion to
competitive sports, with distinct styles, techniques, and
rules. This exploration also delves into swimming's
development, biomechanics, and its impact on the human
body. As a recreational activity, swimming offers all-around
body development, therapeutic benefits, and is taught for
life-saving purposes. It burns calories, supports joints,
builds strength, and enhances cardiovascular fitness,
making it a versatile and age-friendly exercise. Ancient
drawings from Egypt showcase early swimming, initially as
a survival skill, progressing into the competitive sport
known today.
 RECOGNIZING SWIMMING
In the 1837 competitions organized by the National Swimming Society in London, England, swimming
emerged as both a recreational and competitive sport. The popularity of these events led to the
construction of the first indoor pool in 1862, marking a significant milestone in the sport's history.
Subsequently, the establishment of the Amateur Swimming Association of Great Britain in 1880 further
fueled the growth of swimming, with over 300 member clubs.
During this period, the predominant swimming styles were the breaststroke and the sidestroke. However,
in 1873, Arthur Trudgen introduced the "Trudgen crawl," an overhand stroke with a scissors kick, setting a
world record in the 100-yard swim. Although temporarily replaced, the Trudgen crawl has been
reintroduced to competitive swimming.
The influence of swimming extended beyond England, notably to Australia. In 1878, Frederick Cavill, an
Englishman, observed the natives' flutter kick leg action, combining it with the double overhand stroke to
create the "Australian Crawl." This stroke set a new world record in the 1902 world championships.
Around 1905, Charles M. Daniels, a swimmer for the New York Athletic Club, introduced the "American
Crawl," which distinguished itself by timing the kick to the stroking of the arms—six beats of the legs for
every revolution of the arms. Daniels set a world record of 54.8 seconds in the 100-yard swim in 1910 using
this technique.
These innovations in swimming styles and techniques introduced in England, Australia, and the United
States played a crucial role in shaping competitive swimming into what it is today.
HISTORY OF SWIMMING
Swimming has a rich history, dating back to 2500 BCE in Egypt,
and it was later practiced in Assyrian, Greek, and Roman
civilizations. In Greece and Rome, swimming was integrated into
martial training and elementary education for males. In the
Orient, evidence of swimming dates back to the 1st century BCE,
with races documented in Japan. Organized swimming events
predate Japan's Western contact in the 19th century. Maritime
peoples of the Pacific learned swimming at an early age. The lack
of swimming in Europe during the Middle Ages is attributed to
fears of infection. Some swimming activity emerged at seashore
resorts in Great Britain in the late 17th century. The 19th century
marked the earnest beginning of swimming's popularity,
highlighted by the formation of the first swimming organization
in 1837 in London, where six indoor pools with diving boards were
established.
 SWIMMING HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Swimming was introduced to the Philippines by Americans in 1900, and by
1912, local swimmers emerged, competing in championships organized by the
Americans. The pinnacle came in 1928 when Teofilo E. Yldefonso, the "Ilocano
Shark," won the Philippines its first Olympic medal, a bronze in the 200m
breaststroke at the Amsterdam Olympics. He repeated this feat in the 1932
Olympics, becoming the first Filipino to win multiple Olympic medals.
Yldefonso's swimming career declined after this, and he later died during
World War II. After the war, swimming competitions paused but resumed with
a new wave of Filipino excellence. Jacinto Cayco won gold medals in the 1951
Asian Games. In 1954, swimmers Haydee Coloso and Jocelyn Von Giese
achieved remarkable success with gold medals. Despite the programs
supporting Filipino swimmers, the performance in the 1950s has not been
matched since. Since the 2002 Asian Games, Filipino swimmers have not
brought home any medals in the sport, marking a shift from the earlier era of
swimming excellence in the country.
SWIMMING TERMINOLOGIES:
A. Gear and Equipment:

Cap: Silicone, latex, or lycra head covering to

enhance efficiency, reduce drag, and protect
hair from chlorine.

Goggles: Eyewear to improve underwater vision

and shield eyes from chlorine irritation.

Kickboard: Foam or plastic board for kick and

drill sets.

Swim Bag: Holds dry equipment like towels and

clothes.
SWIMMING TERMINOLOGIES:
B. Pool-Specific

Backstroke Flags: Indicate the approach to

the pool wall in backstroke, aiding
swimmers in flip turns.
Deck: Area surrounding the pool, usually
made of concrete or tile.
Lane Lines: Ropes with plastic absorbers to
minimize waves and guide swimmers.
Lane: Area in the pool where swimmers
train or compete.
Lap: Swimming down and back the length of
the pool.
Wall: Starting, finishing, and turning point in
the pool.
SWIMMING TERMINOLOGIES:
C. Strokes:

Backstroke: Swum on the back, starting in the

water, with alternating arm movements and
freestyle kick.

Breaststroke: Frog kick with arms staying

submerged, third part of the Individual Medley
(IM).

Butterfly: Legs stay together with a dolphin-

like kick, first part of the IM.

Freestyle: Front crawl, the most common

stroke, always last in the IM.

Individual Medley (IM): Swimmers perform all

four strokes in a set order.
SWIMMING TERMINOLOGIES:
D. Practice/Workout:

Circle Swimming: Etiquette where

swimmers keep to the right side of the
lane, used when multiple swimmers
share a lane.

Cool Down: Post-practice period to

flush out lactic acid and aid recovery.

Dolphin Kick: Underwater kick in

streamline position, excluding
breaststroke.
SWIMMING TERMINOLOGIES:
D. Practice/Workout:

Flip Turn: Competitive turn used in

backstroke and freestyle.

Open Turn (Two-hand turn): Turn in

breaststroke, butterfly, and some IM
transitions, requiring both hands to
touch the wall simultaneously.

Streamline: Pushing off the wall or

starting with arms extended against
each side of the head.

Warm-up: Initial practice period to

loosen muscles and prevent injuries.
SWIMMING TERMINOLOGIES:
E. Swimming Jargon:

"Cap me": Request to assist in putting

on a swim cap.

"On the bottom": Leaving the wall at

the bottom of the clock (30 seconds).

"On the top": Leaving the wall at the

top of the clock (00 or 60 seconds).
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS IN SWIMMING
Swimming serves as both a recreational and competitive
activity, offering full-body strength development and low-
impact exercise suitable for physical therapy and life-
saving training. Competitive races include butterfly,
backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle.

Essential equipment for both practice and competition

includes a swimsuit, swim cap, and goggles. Swimmers
can choose from various materials for swim caps
(silicone or latex) and different lens shapes and strap
types for goggles.

During practices, swimmers often utilize additional

equipment to isolate specific body movements, introduce
resistance, or focus on particular aspects of strokes.
WATER SAFETY RULES & GUIDELINES IN SWIMMING
1. Read Signs: Pay attention to and follow
safety signs at swimming areas to protect
yourself and maintain cleanliness.

2. No Running: Avoid running on the pool

deck due to slippery surfaces, especially
when wet.

3. Caution Getting In/Out: Use handrails to

prevent slipping when entering or leaving the
pool, avoiding unstable surfaces.
WATER SAFETY RULES & GUIDELINES IN SWIMMING

4. Safe Entry/Diving: Check for dangers like shallow water or

obstacles before diving. Only dive in designated safe areas. Enter
water slowly, feet first.

5. Stay within Limits: Swim where comfortable and within your

abilities. At beaches, swim parallel to the shore and stay within
marked areas, considering conditions.

6. Play Safely: Avoid dangerous activities like wrestling or

tumbling, which can lead to injuries, especially hitting your head
against surfaces.
WATER SAFETY RULES & GUIDELINES IN SWIMMING
7. Avoid Alcohol: Refrain from drinking alcohol around water bodies,
as it impairs reaction time and can lead to accidents or drowning.

8. Watch for Hazards: Be cautious around pool drains and skimmers

to prevent body parts or hair from getting caught, which can lead to
drowning. Never put your head underwater in a hot tub.

9. Watch for Underwater Traps: Be cautious of railings, ladders, or

removable pool equipment that can create underwater traps,
potentially leading to drowning. Report concerns about underwater
hazards to pool supervisors, owners, or lifeguards.
WATER SAFETY RULES & GUIDELINES IN SWIMMING
10. Take a First Aid Course: Enroll in a first aid course covering artificial
respiration, Child Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), and self-rescue skills.

11. Wear Life Jackets/PFDs: Always wear life jackets or Personal Flotation
Devices (PFDs) on boats or docks. Use life jackets/PFDs when swimming,
especially for children, but remember they do not replace adult supervision.

12. Swimming Alone: Discourage swimming alone; always have a swimming

buddy or appropriate supervision. Preferably swim with a parent, adult, or
lifeguard present. Stay aware of safety protocols and the location of safety
equipment if swimming alone.
WATER SAFETY RULES & GUIDELINES IN SWIMMING
13. Entering the Water: Be conscious of surroundings when entering the water.
Avoid diving where prohibited, and ensure no heavy or sharp objects are nearby.
Check the pool's depth to prevent injuries from jumping into shallow areas.

14. While Swimming: Stay focused on your actions and surroundings while
swimming. Avoid unclear or foggy areas and steer clear of dangerous objects in
the water.Swim in visible areas if it's nighttime and stay within your swimming
abilities.

15. Around the Water: Stay aware of surroundings outside the water; avoid
running to prevent injuries. Be mindful of weather conditions, and exit the water
immediately if lightning or thunder is heard.
 GROUP 1 MEMBERS:
ABDAO, MUDZNA
AFIF, WARDAH
AKARAMAN, MELONIE
ALFAD, MOHAMMAD

Thank you!
ALIE, SAKUR
ARCILLAS, CHRISTAL
BAYLON, NORQUIZA
BUTTONGAH, RANIA
DELAS PENAS, SANDARA
ENRIQUEZ, ALEX JR.
GENOVA, GWEN
HADJIULA, SHYRA
HARADJI , ZULAIKA
ISMAIL, MOHAMM
JAAFAR, NURMALYN