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    Water Pollution Problems

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    mian
    This document contains three water pollution problems involving the design of bar screens and sedimentation tanks. Problem 1 involves calculating the dimensions of a bar screen channel, the velocity between bars, and head loss. Problem 2 designs a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 3 million liters per day over a 4 hour detention period. Problem 3 similarly designs a tank for 2.4 million liters over 3 hours of detention. Formulas are provided for calculations involving channel cross-section, screen inclination angle, bar thickness, head loss, and tank capacity, length, and cross-sectional area based on flow rate and detention time.

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    Water Pollution Problems

    Uploaded by

    mian
    17 views5 pages
    This document contains three water pollution problems involving the design of bar screens and sedimentation tanks. Problem 1 involves calculating the dimensions of a bar screen channel, the velocity between bars, and head loss. Problem 2 designs a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 3 million liters per day over a 4 hour detention period. Problem 3 similarly designs a tank for 2.4 million liters over 3 hours of detention. Formulas are provided for calculations involving channel cross-section, screen inclination angle, bar thickness, head loss, and tank capacity, length, and cross-sectional area based on flow rate and detention time.

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    This document contains three water pollution problems involving the design of bar screens and sedimentation tanks. Problem 1 involves calculating the dimensions of a bar screen channel, the velocity between bars, and head loss. Problem 2 designs a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 3 million liters per day over a 4 hour detention period. Problem 3 similarly designs a tank for 2.4 million liters over 3 hours of detention. Formulas are provided for calculations involving channel cross-section, screen inclination angle, bar thickness, head loss, and tank capacity, length, and cross-sectional area based on flow rate and detention time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    17 views5 pages

    Water Pollution Problems

    Uploaded by

    mian
    This document contains three water pollution problems involving the design of bar screens and sedimentation tanks. Problem 1 involves calculating the dimensions of a bar screen channel, the velocity between bars, and head loss. Problem 2 designs a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 3 million liters per day over a 4 hour detention period. Problem 3 similarly designs a tank for 2.4 million liters over 3 hours of detention. Formulas are provided for calculations involving channel cross-section, screen inclination angle, bar thickness, head loss, and tank capacity, length, and cross-sectional area based on flow rate and detention time.

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    Water Pollution Problems:

    Problem-1: A manual bar screen is to be used in an approach channel with a maximum velocity
    of 0.60 m/s, and a design flow of 300 L/s. the bars are 10 mm thick and openings are 3 cm wide,
    the angle of inclination is 50 o . Determine the cross section of the channel and the dimension
    needed, the velocity between bars, the head loss in meters, the number of bars in the screen.
    Formulas:
    1. Channel Cross Section
    Q d = Ac V a
    Qd d
    Ac = =1.5
    Va W
    Ac =Wxd d=1.5W

    Where Qd = design flow, m3/s

    AC = channel cross section, m2

    V a = Velocity in approach channel, m/s

    d = water depth in channel, m

    Channel depth & width =1.5m

    2. Head Loss
    2 2
    (V b−V a ) 1
    H 1= x
    2g 0.7

    Where H 1 = Head loss

    V a = approach Velocity, m/s

    V b = Velocity through the openings, m/s

    g = acceleration due to gravity, m/s

    3. Cross Section

    A s= Ac / Sinθ

    Where Ac = Bar screen cross section, m2

    Θ = Inclination angle of the screen


    4. The Net bar screen

    S
    Anet = A s x
    S+ t ¯¿ ¿

    Where S = space between bars, m


    t ¯¿ ¿ = thickness of the screen barks, m
    5. The number of bars in the screen

    nt ¯¿+( n−1) s=W ¿

    Solution:
    Channel Cross Section
    Qd
    Formulas Ac = = 0.30/0.60 = 1.5 m2
    Va
    Where AC = channel cross section, m2 =?

    Qd = design flow = 300L/S = 0.30m/s

    V a = Velocity in approach channel = 0.60 m/s

    Ac =Wxd

    Ac =Wx 1.5 W
    2
    Ac =1.5 W
    2
    W =A c /1.5 m2

    W =√ 0.5/1.5 m
    = 0.5773 =60m

    Depth (d) =1.5W


    = 1.5X0.577 =0.8655m

    Cross Section
    A s= Ac / Sinθ = = 0.50/Sin50 =0.6527 m2

    Where Ac = Bar screen cross section, m2 =?

    Θ = Inclination angle of the screen =50o


    The Net bar screen
    S
    Anet = A s x
    S+ t ¯¿ ¿

    Where S = space between bars = 3cm


    t ¯¿ ¿ = thickness of the screen bars =10 mm = 1cm
    Anet = Net bar screen =?

    Anet = 0.6527(3/3+1) = 0.4895 m2

    From continuity equation


    V a A c =V b A net

    Where V a = approach Velocity =0.60 m/s

    V b = Velocity through the openings, m/s =?

    AC = channel cross section =0.5 m2

    Anet = Net bar screen =0.4895 m2

    V b =V a A c / A net =0.60x0.5/0.4895 = 0.6128 m/s

    Head Loss
    a) For clear screen
    2 2
    (V b−V a ) 1
    H 1= x
    2g 0.7
    2 2
    (0.6128 −0.60 ) 1
    H 1= x
    2 x 9.81 0.7
    = 105535x10-3 = 0.0005m
    b) For 45% clogged screen

    (A net) =55% A net


    V b =V a A c / A net =0.60x0.5/(0.4895x0.55) = 1.11 m/s

    2 2
    (V b−V a ) 1
    H 1= x
    2g 0.7
    2 2
    (1.11 −0.60 ) 1
    H 1= x
    2 x 9.81 0.7
    = 0.063m

    The number of bars in the screen


    nt ¯¿+( n−1) s=W ¿

    nx1+(n-1)x3 =57
    n+3n-3 =57
    4n-3 =57
    4n= 57+3
    4n = 60
    n=60/4 =15
    Problem-2: Design a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 3 million liters of raw water per day. The
    detention period may be assumed to be 4 hours. Velocity of flow is 10 cm per minute.

    Solution:

    Quantity of water of be treated in 24 hrs = 3 million liters

    = 3x106litres

    Quantity of water to be treated during the detention period of 4 hrs = 0.5x10 6 = 0.5x103 m3

    Therefore the capacity of the tank required = 500 m3

    Velocity of flow to be maintained through the tank =10cm/minute = 0.1m/minute

    The length of the tank required = velocity of flow x detention period

    0.1x (4x60) =24m2

    Cross sectional area of the tank = capacity of the tank /length of the tank

    = 500/24m2 = 20.8 m2

    Problem -3: Design a rectangular sedimentation tank to treat 2.4 million liters of raw water per day. The
    detention period may be assumed to be 3 hours.

    Solution:

    Quantity of water of be treated in 24 hrs = 2.4 million liters

    = 3x106litres

    Quantity of water to be treated during the detention period of 4 hrs = 0.5x10 6 = 0.5x103 m3

    Therefore the capacity of the tank required = 500 m3

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