ecue 15

We have un that the entopy of an iaalae!

ylem aluay ethen
bes with ime. Bd hat alue of entropy dees
we m easure t
tave, and how aan
a aytem
etor a otsem
One oay to Yneaoue the apaety. We fave houm
to measue the heat
io

B0, we an only calouloak the change in entoy

Cd not ta aaao)de value. he thind la of

adirtiona itoomation. t prsvide, sr)

an abadule Nalue
o entapN at a purd ular
To T

tempezaure tht ia abacute

The
Waltor H. Newst Came up with the -hrot atemerd
 law ater eamining
he ada on eomieal ea ena dy rame and
eteimento ita eleeteo dhemied edo. The
enentd omcuaion ne aameinto conaermed the
Cange in erthay 4H and Gibba thee enemy
reachon. We ow,
G= H-TS AG= dH -T4S

Bo, as T>0, Erpainend daha dhoued

that tiA was tee, out aG cnd cH no ony
only
together, Jad clone tgether eodbng, bud they
GY

chen anngtoicay On the baaio

aprauched each 4S0
Newt alao pothlaed thd,
ataement of tid law to
as Ta0. Hia
Nean abalude zels oll neacion i a Ayem in
indena qubbrim ave place with no dhange nertaj.
was
Naa Plany'b ottement
Rhe entapy al aytem dernal cqulibim
the aame alegolude Zero, and may ke
be
toyen to be zoro' nemal equlibriam
patta d a tyofen ie in equiiom with each oHker
Nemat'o paehate clue to Hhe fact Hhat,
not enough or AG’ H,
Sinee they anort equal
alao loe Auch thad, 4S0, 20
YMUot
that
poothate- htor a wa,
Now, the Max Plamaxb naKes

aohaly intuitvely.
ger Fare enld ogetd.
cewes to zeo,
sene and motion ony One ttate
al the Nibionethere must be
T=0.
S,
pdaaibde and 40,
ertropy to ke 0
you have detned Yor cthex dbyed,
Now, deGne
han a Value ot 4a,
wheo
etroy of a otade
had otae.
we lan
to tht
dttem wamn
fhe
S
ldT
St)=

Hain n al
be called the abadde entrery.
 ot T V X here x is
themoduramve Varjaldle. At a X
dome
Cowstant empertuze gOuyou taye gourmerure the enropy
and
yotem Aome non- er0
Change A9 ) wha lower enpeatone
egeaiment at
repeat thio
e rëpeat T0. Tt io
tha, as Too,
dooerved
and then aat T’0. hio ie the otde
any X and X
X.
AS )0, toR hem ynamion. roing
ehat ind law o
ment of the entropY beaomes a

One Aunthe,4aue tha Conotart to be

70
omto, One
lim Slx)=0
he edeni on taing S= 0 ay T-0 in experimen
ly cheked on metaeble anes ot a
ol
numbe of
dulantanee lrtin mdeiah an eat in a

a given tmpeutue omly one o thene ttruduge in

t a

Aabe. et inagne high tipentuae equli

deun,
éct code
caded deun, it maxe
phave A oniston
heat
 aNGdel an dd phae A pevints
iM te meBatale eqilibrium . B

n these tue ghanes

The entope he ayacikes &ir)
be oloutael wing to
we wert
and 4 . Nou tengerawe ahove t*
at a bt ighea
fmd the entroy
then dT'
FoR A.' 8rte) T'

stre) S0
Sinee erty a

Usng equaion () ond Sindry te intgnalo -0

dlorgg th nenemerto
one eay
dn very
thal,

Conoeuenee
4. Hed apautes end to *0
dT

the intgd wal diveye unlen Q(T)’0.

FRom anothen yeupechie, nT X

Nouw, as To, hT and - 0 and henee,

0.
Q. Snce 8(r-o,x) =0 r all aordinde x,

8. Bhema epasi vit vaidh an To:

P

aa T0. hen gàin,one

he Mazuelh reahiong Aleles,

of

AaAes Remain idedl Us To:

4. No
haue een Hhat
Fog ided qnes,
e , R p mde. towevea, as T-0
,-G= R and
2eno, and 40 4 these age no
0 ndd C oth goes to
near altolute
E0. Futhenore Ton ided n
tound tht Nou,
onT-, tht imie an T0.
the ide idel not 90 ood m s0 negion
 to abaolue
imposide eodl ay yen
fte munber of ep:

hee ve T. ie is
Poled or a dfeend vlue, of a
T
pasamcer x (uhich may e mog
neke tel). ale Callig

meBer x ollowed tby an adia batie).

inentrepia deeneane in the value of
X. Boy X io he magnetiztion n a maBeial. At
Aome 4Ëme, the gin oriertahon io, day IM
with a nondom diotabuthon. he pin down
J orientethon has a buer energy tham higrer spin
orientation T the magnehie keld in indreael
up ‘
becomes ing auay
the ooaple to he AwYnO.Mdingo. Sinee, -the in
gome eneg eortrubde
diteiion wll be len randen, H oil
the
the ento Now, ue
we iaolade he
the louerng
yotem Yuomm he surouning
apbed teld to be NO. he pratey is oavi
doviaaly
te
dengnet oince rndomthe
thale Zero tenperate
the apinf he
Aemperatue
erEY
ertopg g0to
relly
to to
the eanyenergy ia
no go
is touever,
adiakete againat,
enteog an b oepo.
thete y toat
there lowerthe
iteal
eoudd the
alligahighen
batie,mderal. uderand because law,
malehigher
emenlbaaneed Vever yu buerot
Mumben
ed thanto thindotte, iguee,
adia to originad to ene
in
deerease,
mOeNe cther
Snomg to &an to
adkakciefientroçie
ond the reluin tREYeatedboth imposifndeble
inpogdle
is the e 7
due m Gat
proeex
poeen msqnete
f their o
iie mwt Hbwever
e he in
entopy
toweve, ene
tare dame
tme enteop forYeed tte
inpiacenrechune the
no tem
Snce ment of bo then,
in ie the
 betueen Vidaion
40, uhy
jt Aeem on
an why
operating dearlaw niglit produef
thio,
thindH aut
a
engin is low?gou
io
=0 Can Biny
&o, ecod
Carmnste sinple.-0?
he bo, Ademet.
n’1. T
a
thio
and
Qoide
Remaw Kolvinh not eansion
T0
T Ho