sectwre 19

An examle ineorporaig dange erthey

ReserVOire
Coider lange contaet uith
a
mall ten Ts
Naced in hermd at he jeseNoiR

They
both
troneer tom he
tempexatune Ta. The hed
ReseNoiR to the glem in,
l ia the ho capibt
uhee
the dydtem
from he neser
e> thod n tranotemed
) yotem
syotem., he eLeTVnin de
Voir to the entopy of the
inoreses. he
ertoy
Creses Ainco

<Te, the
Viae-Vesa
kopem.
in the neseNoin, which i
Now, the ertrqgy dhage
(onetant
io gen
a

entrapg
entropg ot
d the
the otemio given ky
he chage in TR
, the tod dlange in eney o the Uniyese in

-1+nk
ASee unciorn of
Ts

We pot these erag hanges 4S

Syem
cO0ls
=-(n

-+
uvecse
49.0hee
dony
clenhy chown thad,
he plot aan be loth oative and
be
f both of them are
holda
temyendue.
the
Fhe dole
Jade expaneiorn

We osden
agqolt. We hre One mole idel
idcal
 -to the let! dide of
e a a
Vaaun
Gias
henay ioclded container and
Oceupieo a volume of .. The nif
dicde of he conzine in VacQum .
dividen bewen he too
Fhe
cotainers io Auddry opents avd
now 0eupies he erie
he ga wth tem
nOw erehure le and pazrMe
volume Q% (and thir
Both coraines are thermally iaolaled from
A). intal shae, ide ges laus impien,
AuviOundingo. FöL he

-RT

diàcwned 7
We alncady AU=0 nd AT=0. and 40 h=.
ideat

Now wat ie the ohange in entrajy lery there it

het invaved, and jou wigit asume thot theze
nigt be no dharge ente. Aouever, the paoegs
sudden, and gou ant Sey
 Tor
he change in entr The
nevesble. Houwere. the poees s
Tneve e
Aade nd ten he expawion it pah

ul readh another Vevesu we path

eiblium
dade. So, ertagy ia definel
we lan
deined in thee ttes, and
dV= Tl -dV.
gone touh quasi- thaio olow
iothemal ingutbrg hat irto the dyalem
and tot ll puh the barvùer
to the end o the box. The
Aame a Hect
input
Joud xpaiion, and we
ar

tue tin to caledode the hange in

Now, dU = TJS -V
revaibe isotherm proces
proeen, dU=0
For the
TS- V

Now, -R v
=Rn

in Jole expanaisn aoo,alo inee enory

stte foneion, and intal and Ana otale
Aowevez,indlated
not
an
iaothernal paoces, they tem in
oince hed 4lou in perulel). Fhen, We
we
a balated evezaide poce,
= 0
unee

'SuUTOUndigg
fon Joue epansion, however, the yotm io thema
By ieglated. So, the ertoy ot e AuoOundig deex
not chage. And ito an ineNNible oceN. &o eteo wl
|neeae.
chage.
A Rln?

= Rln 2
univese

Now, in Joude efonion! 49= 0, AU=0. Bd hrud

Mean 08= 49 -g? he awer
beeawse, teue to
reNewlle change. foe ieveuile dharges, t< As
Sinee T is conotart Ag<TAS. Here, -0 an
and we dee thot indeed,
48<TaS in he ingevevoi ble doule expanaion.
The ertog t niing and e)
wshidh

ae in to vexea with volume

Boh the gagey e
tenee sepuated y q basjer.
and temperaune T
at same peeaueep N

Now, PV= NYgT T

ae ame
Sinee N

hen, N, N and
maleule, i N,
nunbe
4)N.
qered, the e uill gonta
Now,it he woien
javien Line
l inoENe.
mix and the erto quasi otaic
we omicez ieothemalaexpanian o
to V velume and gas2
4-)V V volome
from
TdS
AS= J
 + (4) Ruy
NKe

. AS= - NKe n X+ (4-) In(1-4)| le

he equakon io ploted mthe tiyuge

7=0 an 1 there
wtich
10
dhmge Ynake Jense
7=05, wich in
he macimun change entngy
exprenion tor Z-0.5 hus doo
49= N,lnl, t t Tie wa
Atakioieal inderpaehtion, Befone, ( 4 a

a dinple acceible mienootate ony 2

la! hand side. So, the
let only. When it ocupies
Qorßned to the let porzkon d
region, toa eack aceeniLle mì erontein te y
Hhe shole anoher ceesible miedrtde
le! we
Aide, have
ow
herene if theze wa yevaly )

On the rit ide. mieogtaes, t wil be

4 pattile wth a,
now. H thene
ill be B0xexQ mioogt
pal-e miolotater, hee
general, Hthene wee,
In general, N
ave 2xe
 unloer of partodes
S+NKG n2

ushiÝh chhes ith our hermognamie olutotiov,

Ne have atIned
aramel hee
hee to
trat As 41 and
WasOen nd rttgen, one
Cald meDNUe e man (on anyy othen properay) o distin
guh thon. were
inelitrguadale?
The mixn uud then dhange nothing and Ao the
houd be ero. Trio becauye
beuyp the
'aeverslble. You can just pu the
lbacier t plae, ad eveytig io Une bebe.
B, ne Can arrgue, hom a dlerend tesgechve.
He b-h the gusa tove wnderyoe
e}andion, and d0, the total chayge in
dJoule
errogy mut be A8= NKeLnl.

Yes, tio paradox 1 knlun

ie Gubo paadox,
aolved lay Gibbo himoelf. T wan 4
cnich was
you to dive in the oolation to the paradar,
 thene
masustate pailde.
hee ae
miczostate
and totl Muvloen
the maoootade,

Nw, totadl enop,

Sinoe
S2

Now the sedond tenm eonnponda to the average

endropy

when the ytem io in quibbrlon, t sele tto one

maoto tes with a1 n hamsyranic Gnot. Then,
0+ KshQ,

att=
expaeion
Mozuel'a denon
Blrdell 44x Page 149
s4
Gilb'e entepy: Ehs and yol,abity
well deined a miag caronicl ememde,
and it ià gien y the Botznann toamuda, &,-n 2,
where s the number ot ràoostdes ortvegponding
e equilibrion maorobtaes. towever, in anoieal
to the reyel
enseme he ysten exharges eeg) with
Aen is not in a tued maoINtde of
vain, a the macrobte.
athen in diteren
Sied enego,
but we
onsi der at we dont jst tave the tnte, &, in
idertial captes tetal
have a lasge
mumber ot
io eneY W Each yoten lves in a parieudoz
Hhe number ith
the palabily
luchotion is P nd it Wiain vey
nunber d ystema that is in
very large, then the w. T6 fid the
wiozOPtate i AinPly , = collecion of
eam tret he uhole
entnops, We
mialanoni enmemde af total
S1,= W
ince S;= Ehw
wrth =1
whieh in total muombe
Ihexe uch mivortale, then,
then, we only have te
We an hque out haw many ysg
ito
pt ty,m ayalem inte Waytem
m

a eombintories poldlem, and the nuber

poalem,
W!

W
= WaW - W

-Wnb:

wole ensembe, and enteoN io

Bd. Hin ia toa the
the enteopy o the Syutem io,
additye. S,
S=
he
deade, ldea,kroun ay
aovered by Shanon few
dia
dosiol icarmahon tysten
Sanon endto
ertropg in qentom adlea.
agdemo.