Percentage

Introduction

Percentage is not a new chapter for you. You have been studying this chapter since 5 th standard
of your academics. A very basic thing about Percentage, our teachers used to teach in schools
is that the fraction having denominator as 100 is called Percentage and it is represented as x%
which means x/100, Right? But now, as an aspirant of any competitive exam, you should have
to keep deep knowledge of Percentage so that you may be able to solve questions without pen
and paper. This is what every aspirant desires. So, let’s study it in detail.
We know very well that 35% = 35/100, 75% = 75/100, but in order to convert x/y into
percentage, we will multiply it with 100, i.e., x/y × 100%. Means, to convert a fraction into
percentage, we will simply multiply the fraction with 100%.
To convert a fraction which is already in percent into Decimal, divide it by 100. If we have to
convert 25% into decimal, we will do 25/100 = 0.25.
Let’s see some short cuts of Fraction & percentage, which will help us while solving a question.
 1/2 = 50%
 1/3 = 33.33%
 5/8 = 62.5%
 7/8 = 87.5%
 1/4 = 25%
 1/5 = 20%
 1/6 = 16.66%
 1/8 = 12.5%
 1/9 = 11.11%
 1/12 = 8.33%
 1/15 = 6.66%
 1/16 = 6.25%
 1/20 = 5%
 2/3 = 66.66%

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 3/4 = 75%
 5/6 = 83.33%
 3/8 = 37.5%
 8/9 = 88.89%
 5/7 = 71.43%
 4/7 = 57.14%
While solving questions, we can directly put these fractions in the place of a Percentage, to
save time and it really makes our calculation easier. So, you should learn them very well.
Example: Suppose you have to ind 88.89% of 90, then your usual solution would look like this:
.
× 90 = 80, but by using the fraction method as × 90, we can get the same answer as 80
more ef iciently and more quickly.
Now, consider the following rules and approaches:
→ Percentage is always determined on 100 parts.
→ The units of both the quantities should be same while determining the percentage.
→ To know what percent of rupees 1 is 10 paise: 10 / 100 × 100 = 10.
→ x % of y is equal to y % of x.
→ To change ‘a’ as a % of ‘b’= × 100%

→ % Marks = × 100.

→ x% of y is × 𝑦.

→ ‘b’ is 200% of ‘a’ means b = 2a.

→ Consider this simple approach as an example: if in an exam, 66% takes Hindi, 59% takes
History and some of them taken both, so the number of persons taken both = (66% + 59%) -
100% = 125 - 100 = 25%.
Hence, 25% taken both.
→ Results of Depreciation – Let the present value of a commodity be V and its value is
depreciated at the rate of R% per annum, then,

1. Value of commodity after n years = 𝑉 1 −

2. Value of commodity n years ago = .

→ Results of Increment – Let the present population of a town or the present value of a
commodity be V and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then:

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1. Population or Value after n years = 𝑉 1 +

2. Population or Value n years ago =

→ If the price of a commodity increases by P%, then the reduction in consumption so that the
expenditure remains constant = ( )
× 100%

→ If the price of a commodity decreases by P%, then increase in consumption so as not to

decrease the expenditure or so that the expenditure remains constant is = ( )
× 100%

→ If X is P% more than Y, then the percent by which Y is less than X = × 100%

→ If X is P% less than Y, then the percent by which Y is more than X = × 100%

→ If M’s income is P% more than N, then the percent by which N’s income is less than M =
× 100%

→ If there is an increase of y% in the price of a commodity, the required % decrease in the

consumption of that commodity so that the budget or expenditure remains constant
= × 100%

→ If there is a reduction of x% in the price of a commodity, the required % increase in

consumption of that commodity so that the budget or expenditure remains constant =
× 100%

→ Two successive percentage change of a% and b% gives an effective change of = 𝑎 + 𝑏 +

%

→ If there is an increase of a% and b% in the price and consumption of a commodity, then the
increase in expenditure of commodity will be = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + %

→ Reduction in cost and consumption of a commodity by a% and b% will reduce the

expenditure as = −𝑎 − 𝑏 + %

→ If the price of a commodity is increased by a% and consumption is decreased by b% then

the required increase or decrease % in the expenditure will always be = 𝑎 − 𝑏 − %

→ Pro it% by using a wrong weight by seller = × 100.

→ Formula for when a person increases a value of something thrice or four times or whatever
times, suppose a value of a house is increased thrice, irst by 5%, then 10%, then 15%, If initial
value is 2000000, what will be the inal value?
Final Price of house = Initial Price × (1+ R1/100) (1+R2/100) (1+R3/100)

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= 2000000 × (1 + ) (1 + )(1 + ) = 1.32825 × 2000000. So, the inal price will be Rs.
2656500.
→ Expenditure = Price × Consumption.
→ 50 successive discounts of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% ….. would mean a net discount of 100%.
→ Income = Rate × Quantity
×
→ % Income = Rate × Quantity +

→ Income = Expenditure + Savings

→ % Change in savings = × 100.

→ Sales = Quantity × Price.

→ Error % = × 100.

Aspirants often get to hear about the terms ‘Percentage Point Change’ and ‘Percentage Change’
and since there is a very minor difference between the two, they usually get confused. So, let’s
understand the exact difference with the help of an example:
Example: Suppose your savings rate of your annual salary as a percentage in 2025 was 35%
and in 2026 was 45%, so the Percentage Point Change in the savings would be 45% - 35% =
10% Points, whereas Percentage Change in savings rate for the same case would be = ×
100 = 28.57%. Got it?
Another point to be noted is, there is an effect of percentage Change in the numerator of a ratio.
This is because, the numerator is directly proportional to the ratio, such that, if numerator
increases, the ratio also increases and vice versa. Also, if the denominator is constant, the
percentage increase in the ratio is same as the percentage increase in the numerator.

Example: is exactly 20% more than .

Use of Multiplying Factor

Let’s consider an example to understand the concept of Multiplying Factor:

Example: Rohit has 140 marks, while Rahul has 20% more than Rohit. To ind how much marks
Rahul has, it is clear that if Rahul has 20% more than Rohit, then we can say that Rahul has
120% of Rohit. i.e., (120/100) × 140.
We have another approach to solve such type of Percentage questions which is known as
Multiplying Factor. Let’s see how to use it:
Multiplying Factor of 20% more or 20% pro it is 1.2 i.e., 120% = 1.2
Multiplying Factor of 20% less or 20% loss is 0.80 i.e., 80% = 0.80
Now consider its use:

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40% less than 540 = 0.60 × 540 = 324.
65% less than 780 = 0.35 × 780 = 273.
39% more than 692 = 1.39 × 692 = 961.88
70% more than 280 = 1.70 × 280 = 476.
So, the overall conclusion is:
→ If a certain value p increases by a%, then increased value = (100 + a) % of p.
→ If a certain value p decreases by a%, then decreased value = (100 - a) % of p.

Concept of Percentage Change

1. Absolute Value Change – It is the actual change in the measured Quantity. Absolute Growth
is de ined as the difference between current value and original value.
Example: If sales in irst year is Rs. 3500 and in the second year is Rs. 3700, then the absolute
value of the change is Rs. 200.
2. Percentage Change – The percentage change is the formula that we know very well, i.e.,
Percentage Change = (Absolute Value Change/ Original Quantity) × 100.
Example: If the Absolute Value Change is 100 and the Original Quantity is 3000, then applying
the above formula will give us the answer as 3.33% i.e., × 100 = 3.33%

→ What is the Percentage change of A from B? = (A - B) / B × 100.

→ What is the Percentage Change from A to B? = (B - A) / A × 100.
→ How much more is A relative to B? = (A - B / B) × 100.
Now, consider an interesting question: Company M increases its sales by 2 Lakh rupees while
Company N increases its sales by 20 Lakh rupees, now tell me that which company has grown
more?
Here, it seems like the answer is Company N. But this is absolutely wrong. However, in this
situation, growth has to be further classi ied as to whether it is Percentage growth or it is
Absolute growth. What is Percentage and Absolute growth, has already been discussed earlier,
So, in terms of Absolute growth, N has grown more. Thus, N has an Absolute growth of 20
lakhs, while M has an Absolute growth of 2 lakhs. Thus, the Absolute growth of N is more than
that of M. In case, if we are interested to ind the Percentage growth or growth relative to the
previous year, we cannot answer that question, since we do not know the base igures on which
these sales have grown. If we had further information saying that Company M had a sales
turnover of 2 lakh rupees in the previous year while Company N had a sales turnover of 20
lakh rupees in the previous year, we could compare growth rates and say that Company M has
grown 100%. Hence, Company M has a higher growth rate, even though in terms of Absolute
value increase of sales, company N has grown more.

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 Illustrations

Q.1. What is 20% of 30% of 40%?

(a) 2.4% (b) 2.8% (c) 3% (d) 4%

(a) Solution: × × 40% = 2.4%.

Q.2. The length and breadth of a rectangle are changed by +20% and by -10% respectively.
What is the % change in the area of the rectangle?
(a) 8% (b) 7% (c) 21% (d) 10%
(a) Solution: The area of a rectangle is given by: length × breadth. When we will represent it
by: Area = length × breadth = lb, then we get the changed area as Area = 1.2l × 0.9b = 1.08
lb.
Hence, the changed area is 8% increase.
Q.3. A sells his goods 30% cheaper than B and 30% dearer than C. By what percentage is the
cost of C’s goods cheaper than B’s goods?
(a) 46% (b) 48% (c) 46.15% (d) 46.75%
(c) Solution: Let’s assume the price of C’s goods be x, then, A’s goods would be 1.3x and B’s
goods are such that A’s goods are 30% cheaper than B’s goods, i.e., A’s goods are priced at 70%
of B’s goods.
Hence, 1.3x = 70. B’s price = 100. B’s price = 130x/70 = 1.8571x.
Then, the percentage by which C’s price is cheaper than B’s price
= (1.8571x – x) × 100/ (1.8571 x) = 600/13 = 46.15%.
Hence, 46.15% is the required answer.
Q.4. If the milk to water ratio in a mixture is 2:3, what is the milk percentage in the mixture?
(a) 45% (b) 50% (c) 55% (d) 40%
(d) Solution: Let milk be 2x and water be 3x. Percentage of milk in the mixture is, quantity of
milk / total quantity × 100 = × 100 = 40%.

Hence, 40% is the required answer.

Q.5. The length and breadth of a rectangle are 10cm and 5cm respectively. The length is
increased by 10% and the breadth is increased by 5%. What is the new area of the rectangle?
(a) 57.75 cm2 (b) 57 cm2 (c) 57.25 cm2 (d) 58 cm2
(a) Solution: To get the new area, let’s ind the initial area irst of all,
Length = 10cm & breadth = 5cm. Area of rectangle = Length × breadth. = 10 × 5 = 50cm 2.
Now, as the length is increased by 10%, new length = 11cm and breadth is increased by 5%,
so new breadth = 5.25.

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Hence, New Area = 11 × 5.25 = 57.75cm2.
Q.6. The price of a petrol increases successively by 20% and then by 10%, what is the net
change in % terms?
(a) 42% (b) 32% (c) 30% (d) 35%

(b) Solution: You just need to apply the successive % change formula i.e., 𝑎 + 𝑏 + % (I have
already mentioned this formula on earlier pages) to get the answer. The answer will be 32%
after applying the formula.
Q.7. A’s income is 70% of B’s. B’s income is 50% of C’s. If C’s income is Rs. 100000, what is A’s
income?
(a) Rs. 45000 (b) 65000 (c) 70000 (d) 35000

(d) Solution: B’s income = × 100000 = Rs. 50000

A’s income = × 50000 = Rs. 35000.

Q.8. 85% and 92% alcoholic solutions are mixed to get 35 litres of an 89% alcoholic solution.
How many litres of each solution are there in the mixture?
(a) 40 litres (b) 45 litres (c) 50 litres (d) 20 litres
(d) Solution: Let x litres of the irst and (35 – x) litres of the second solution be mixed together.
Then, 85% of x + 92% of (35 – x) = 89% of 35.
85x + 92 (35 – x) = 89 × 35
85x + 3220 – 92x = 3115
7x = 105
x = 15.
Hence, quantity of irst solution = 15 litres and quantity of second solution is 20 litres.
Q.9. How many litres of a 30% alcohol solution should be added to 40 litres of a 60% alcohol
solution to prepare a 50% solution?
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 45 (d) 50
(a) Solution: Let x litres of 30% alcohol solution be added.
Then, 30% of x + 60% of 40 = 50% of (x + 40)
30x + 60 × 40 = 50 (x + 40)
30x + 2400 = 50x + 2000
x = 20.
Q.10. 1 litre of water is added to 5 litres of alcohol-water solution containing 40% alcohol
strength. The strength of alcohol in the new solution will be

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(a) 100/4% (b) 200/3% (c) 100/3% (d) 400/5%

(c) Solution: Quantity of alcohol = × 5 = 2 litres.

New strength = × 100 = %. Answer

Q.11. After 30kg of water had been evaporated from a solution of salt and water, which had
15% salt, the remaining solution had 20% salt. The weight of the original solution was
(a) 140 kg (b) 120 kg (c) 125 kg (d) 130 kg
(b) Solution: Let the weight of the original solution be x kg.

Weight of salt in x kg solution = 15% of x kg = kg.

3𝑥
20 20
=
(𝑥 − 30) 100
On solving further, x is obtained as 120.
Hence, weight of the original solution was 120kg.
Q.12. A number when reversed becomes 45% greater the original. By how much percentage is
the units place digit lesser than the ten’s place digit?
(a) 50% (b) 57.89% (c) 57% (d) 60%
(b) Solutions: Let the units place digit be x the ten’s place digit be y. Now, we know that in this
case, the number is (10y + x). The reversed number is (10x + y).
According to the question,
(10x + y) = 1.45 (10y + x)
x = 1.5789y
This clari ies that x is 57.89% greater than y.
Q.13. The number of seats in an auditorium is increased by 25%. The price on a ticket is also
increased by 12%. What is the effect on the revenue collected?
(a) 45% (b) 40% (c) 50% (d) 55%
(b) Solution: Let there were 100 seats in the auditorium initially and the price of ticket per
seat be Rs. 10. Then initial revenue = Total number of seats × Price of 1 ticket for a seat = 100
× 10 = Rs. 1000.
Now, when number of seats increased by 25%, new number of seats = 125% of 100 = 125.
Also, price of the ticket is increased by 12%, new ticket price = 112% of 10 = Rs. 11.2. So, new
revenue collection = New number of seats × New ticket price = 125 × 11.2 = 1400.
Hence, revenue collection is increased by 40%.

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Q.14. Salaries of Mona, Shona and Lily are in the ratio 1:2:3. Salary of Shona and Lily together
is Rs. 6000. By what percent is the salary of Lily more than that of Mona?
(a) 100% (b) 300% (c) 200% (d) 250%
(c) Solution: Let the salary of Mona be x, Shona be 2x and Lily be 3x respectively.
As given, combined salary of Shona and Lily is Rs. 6000, so we can say that 2x + 3x = 6000. 5x
= 6000. x = Rs. 1200. We got the salary of Mona as Rs. 1200, salary of Shona as Rs. 2400 and
the salary of Lily as Rs. 3600.
( )
Hence, Lily’s salary is × 100 = 200% more than that of Mona.

Q.15. A family consume 8kg of pure ghee. The price of the ghee is increased by 20%, but the
family can afford the increment of 5% only. How much quantity (kg) of ghee should this family
consume so that the budget of the ghee goes up by 5% only?
(a) 5kg (b) 10 kg (c) 11kg (d) 7kg
(d) Solution: Let the initial price of ghee be Rs.100 per kg.
Then the initial price of 8 kg ghee will be = 8 × 100 = 800 kg.
When the price of ghee raised by 20%, that means the price of 1 kg ghee now is Rs 120. But,
as given, the family can only afford the rise of 5% i.e., 1kg ghee will be at the cost of Rs. 105,
which means for the family, as they consume 8 kg ghee, so they can afford the price of 105×8=
Rs 840. Now, to identify the quantity of ghee the family should consume now, we will divide
the price afforded by the family by the increased price per kg of ghee i.e., 840/120= 7kg. This
is because the family’s budget is Rs 840 and the increased price is Rs 120 per kg. So, we just
need to know that in the price of Rs 840, how much ghee will the family get, that’s why we did
the solution in this way. I hope you got it now.
Tip: Whenever it is required to assume some value in the Percentage or Pro it & Loss question,
always prefer to assume such value as 100 instead of a variable x, as much as possible. It
actually makes our calculation easier. For example, as you can see in the last example question,
I have taken the price of 1 kg ghee as 100, which made my calculation easy. If I would have
assumed the price as x, then I would have to go for a long solution. Although, the solution in
the above example still seems long and that is because I tried to explain the solution very
clearly, otherwise, you can do it in just few steps. Hence, wherever possible, always assume
100.
Q.16. In a class, a student scored 25% marks and failed by 210 marks. If he would have scored
55% marks, then he would have got 240 marks more than the passing marks. What is the
passing marks?
(a) 595 (b) 600 (c) 585 (d) 575
(d) Solution: If a student has failed by 210 marks after getting 25% marks, then if we provide
210 marks to that student, he will be just

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passed. On the other hand, if the student has got 240 extra than the passing marks after scoring
55%, then if we deduct 240 marks from that student, again he will be just passed. Let’s do the
same,
25% + 210 = 55% - 240
210 + 240 = 55% - 25%
450 = 30%
1% = 15, similarly, 100% = 15 × 100 = 1500.
1500 is the maximum marks of the exam. Now, let’s follow the condition given in the question.
When student scored 25%, he got 210 marks less than the passing one. So, 25% of 1500 will
be 375 and if we will add 210 in 375, we will get the exact passing marks. 375+210=585.
Hence, 585 is the passing marks.
Q.17. In an election among two people, 30% voters did not come to vote. The winner got 70%
votes of the voters who came to vote. The losing candidate got 6300 votes. Find the total
number of the voters who came to vote.
(a) 3000 (b) 3500 (c) 4000 (d) 6000
(a) Solution: Let’s ignore everything and focus on the votes got by winner and the loser irstly.
Winner got 70% of the votes, that means loser got 30%, Right? It is clearly mentioned in the
question that the loser got 6300 votes which clari ies that the value of 30% is 6300. Then the
value of 1% will be 210 and similarly, the value of 100% will be 21000, which is the required
answer. If further in the question, it
was asked to ind the total number of the voters, then we knew that as 30% didn’t come to
vote, only 70% was present and as the total present voters was 21000, the value of 70% =
21000, so 1% will be equal to 300, and hence, 100% will be equal to 30000. Therefore, the
total voters were 30000.
Q.18. The income of A is 40% more than that of B. If A got a rise of 25% in his income and B
got a 40% rise in his income, the percentage increased in the combined incomes of A and B is
(a) 31 (b) 32 (c) 31.25 (d) 31.15
(c) Solution: Let B’s initial income be 100. Then, A’s initial income = 140 (40% more than that
of B)
Now, when A’s income increased by 25%, his income becomes = 175(25% of 140 + 140), and
as B got 40% rise, his income now is = 140.
We can see that, B’s income increased by 40, whereas A’s income increased by 35. Combined
increment = 40 + 35 = 75.
Combined incomes of A & B initially before the increment = 100 + 140 = 240. After the
increment of 75, the percentage increase in their combined income = 75/240 × 100 = 31.25.
Hence, 31.25 is the required answer.

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Q.19. There are 340 vacancies for a particular post in an organisation. Experience shows that
15% of the candidates interviewed get rejected. How many candidates should be interviewed
to ill all the vacancies?
(a) 400 (b) 450 (c) 550 (d) 600
(a) Solution: Let the total number of candidates to be interviewed be x. Since 15% of them
would be disquali ied, only 85% will be selected. So, we can say that 85% of x = 340. =
340. 85x = 34000.
x = 34000/85.
x = 400
Hence, 400 candidates should be interviewed to ill all the vacancies.
To check your answer, you can subtract 15% of 400 from 400.
Q.20. In a competitive exam in State A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared
candidates. State B had an equal number of candidates and 7% candidates got selected from
80 more candidates got selected than A. What was the number of candidates appeared from
each state?
(a) 7000 (b) 8000 (c) 7500 (d) 9500
(b) Solution: As clearly mentioned in the question, Both the States A & B had an equal number
of candidates. In state A, 6% candidates got selected whereas in State B, 7% selected, but the
point to be noticed is that, there is a difference of only 1% in the selection of both the states
i.e., State A has 6%, State B has 7%, and we can see that the difference of 1% brings 80 more
candidates in B. So, we can conclude that 1% = 80 and if 1% = 80, then 100% = 80 × 100 =
8000. Hence, total 8000 candidates were appeared from each State.
Q.21. In an examination, it is required to get 296 of the total maximum aggregate marks to
pass. A student gets 259 marks and is decided failed. The difference of marks obtained by the
student and that required to pass is 5%. What was the maximum aggregate marks a student
can get?
(a) 780 (b) 740 (c) 880 (d) 900
(b) Solution: Passing marks in the question is clearly mentioned i.e., 296. When a student got
259 marks, he got failed. Difference between passing marks and obtained marks = 296-259 =
37. As given, the difference of passing and obtained marks is 5%. So, we can conclude that, 5%
= 37. So, 1% = 37/5, 1% = 7.4 and when 1% = 7.4, then 100% = 7.4 × 100 = 740.
Hence, 740 is the maximum aggregate marks a student can get.
Q.22. In an examination of n questions, a student replied 15 out of the irst 20 questions
correctly. Of the remaining questions, he answered one-third correctly. All the questions have
the same credit. If the student gets 50% marks, the value of n is
(a) 49 (b) 60 (c) 70 (d) 50

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(d) Solution: First of all, let each question carry 1 mark. So, total number of questions will be
equal to the maximum marks. As given, out of irst 20, 15 answered correctly which directly
means that the student got 15 marks. As the total questions are n, after facing 20 questions,
remaining questions now are, n – 20. Out of these n-20 questions, student answered 1/3
correctly, which means he got 1/3 × n- 20 i.e., marks more. So, total marks obtained by
the student now = + 15. As given in the question, he got 50% marks. So, we can say that
50% of n = .

Solving the above equation, = + 15.

150𝑛 = 100𝑛 − 2000 + 4500

50n = 2500
n = 50.
Q.23. The present population of a village is 5500. If the number of males increases by 11% and
the number of females increases by 20%, then the population will become 6330. What is the
present population of females in the village?
(a) 2500 (b) 2600 (c) 2800 (d) 3000
(a) Solution: Let the population of females be x and the population of females be 5500 – x. As
the number of males increases by 11%, they will become 111% of their present male
population i.e., 111% of (5500 – x) and the population of female will become 120% of x after
the increment. So, let’s make the equation according to the condition,
111% of (5500 – x) + 120 % of x = 6330.

(5500 − 𝑥) + 𝑥 = 6330.

On solving further, we will get the value of x i.e., females as 2500 and that is the required
answer.
Q.24. Ajay gave 40% of the money he had, to his wife. Then he gave 20% of the remaining
amount to each of his three sons. Half of the amount now left was spent on miscellaneous
items and the remaining amount of Rs. 12000 was deposited in the bank. How much money
did Ajay have initially?
(a) Rs. 100000 (b) Rs. 200000 (c) 150000 (d) 300000
(a) Solution: I will use a very easy way to solve this question without doing much more
calculation. I will keep assuming the values and will equate everything at last. Focus on
whatever I am doing and you will ind it interesting. Let he had Rs. x, as he gave 40% of his
money i.e., 40% of x to his wife. The remaining amount is 60% of x (100% – 40%). Money
provided to his 3 sons = 3 × (20%) of 60% of x i.e., 60% of 60% of x. Amount left now = 40%
of 60% of x. Amount spent on miscellaneous items = 1/2 × 40% of 60% of x. Remaining

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amount now = 1/2 × 40% of 60% of x (half of the amount was spent on miscellaneous items,
so the remaining amount will be another half). As given, the remaining amount now is Rs.
12000 and we got the remaining amount as 1/2 × 40% of 60% of x. So, will it be ine, if I equate
both of these things i.e., our equation and the remaining given amount? Obviously ine, let’s
equate them.
12000 = 1/2 × 40% of 60% of x

12000 = × × ×𝑥

12000 =

x = 100000.
Hence, Ajay had Rs. 100000 initially.
Q.25. After 25kg of water had been evaporated from a solution of salt and water, which had
20% salt, the remaining solution had 30% salt. Find the weight of the original solution.
(a) 65 (b) 75 (c) 80 (d) 95
(b) Solution: Let the weight of the original solution be x kg. Then weight of salt in x kg solution
= 20% of x kg = x/5 kg.

Weight of the water in x kg solution = 𝑥 = 4x/5 kg.

Weight of solution after evaporation = (x – 25) kg.

( )
= = 150 (x – 25) = 100x

50x = 3750
X = 75.
Hence, weight of the original solution is 75 kg.
Q.26. The cost of manufacture of an article is made up of four components A, B, C and D which
have a ratio of 3:4:5:6, respectively. If there are respective changes in the cost of +10%, -20%,
-30% and 40%, then what would be the percentage change in the cost?
(a) 4.44% (b) 5.25% (c) 2.22% (d) 6%
(c) Solution: As in the question, let’s assume that the cost components to be valued at 30, 40,
50 and 60. Then we can get changed costs by affecting the appropriate changes in each of the
four components.
So, we get the new cost as 33, 32, 35 and 84 respectively. The original total cost was Rs. 180,
and then new one is 184. Percentage change = 4/180 × 100 = 2.22%.
Q.27. Saumya’s Physics test had 75 problems i.e., 10 arithmetic, 30 algebra and 35 geometry
problems. Although, she answered 70% of the arithmetic, 40% of the algebra and 60% of the
geometry problems correctly, she did not pass the exam because she got less than 60% of the

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problems right. How many more questions she would have needed to answer correctly to earn
a 60% passing grade?
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 15
(a) Solution: To ind how many more questions is required to get 60% marks, let’s ind how
many questions did she answer correctly irst of all,
Out of 10 questions in Arithmetic, she answered 70% correctly,
means 70% of 10 = 7, then out of 30 questions in Algebra, she answered 40% correctly, i.e.,
40% of 30 = 12, and out of 35 questions in Geometry, she answered 60% correctly, means 60%
of 35 = 21. So, total correct answers = 7 + 12 + 21 = 40.
Now, 60% of 75 = 45. As given, he needs to answer 60% i.e., 45 questions to pass and we found
that she answered just 40 questions.
Hence, 5 more questions are required to pass.
Q.28. In a market survey, 20% opted for product B. The remaining individuals were uncertain.
If the difference between those who opted for product B and those who were uncertain was
720, then how many individuals were covered in the survey?
(a) 1200 (b) 1250 (c) 1500 (d) 1205
(a) Solution: Clearly, 80% were uncertain. 80% of x – 20% of x = 720 or 60% of x = 720
So, 60x / 100 = 720
x = 1200
Hence, 1200 is the required answer.
Q.29. Of the total amount received by Kiran, 20% was spent on purchases and 5% of the
remaining on transportation. If he is left with Rs. 1520, the initial amount was
(a) 2500 (b) 2000 (c) 3000 (d) 4000
(b) Solution: Let 100 be the initial amount with Kiran. 20% is spent on purchases. Hence, we
are left with 80%. 5% of 80% is 4%. Hence, the remaining is 76%. We are given that the
remaining is 1520. So, we can put 76% equal to 1520 and hence, 100% corresponds to
×
= 2000.

Hence, the initial amount was Rs. 2000.

Q.30. Mira’s expenditure and savings are in the ratio 3:2. Her income increases by 10%. Her
expenditure increases by 12%. By what % does her savings increase?
(a) 6% (b) 16% (c) 8% (d) 7%
(d) Solution: Let her expenditure be 3x and savings be 2x. Income = Expenditure + Savings.
Income = 3x + 2x = 5x. When income increased by 10%, new income = 110% of 5x = 5.5x
and when her
Expenditure increased by 12%, new expenditure = 112% of 3x = 3.36x.

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Savings = Income – Expenditure = 5.5x – 3.36x = 2.14x.
% increase in savings = Difference of both savings / Old savings ×100 = 0.14x/2x × 100 =
7%.
Hence, the increment was of 7%.
Q.31. In a basket of fruits, 60% are mangoes and remaining 40% are apples. 25% of the apples
are green and the rest 75% are red. Of the mangoes, 80% are red and the rest of the mangoes
are green. What % of the green fruits are mangoes?
(a) 55% (b) 65% (c) 54.54% (d) 85%
(c) Solution: Let the total number of fruits in the basket be 100. So, according to this, mangoes
are 60 whereas the apples are 40. As 25% apples are green, number of green apples = 25% of
40 = 10. As 20% mangoes are green, number of green mangoes = 20% of 60 = 12. Total
number of green fruits = 12 + 10 = 22. % of green fruits = Number of green mangoes / Total
green fruits × 100 = × 100 = 54.54%.

Hence, 54.54% is the required answer.

Q.32. To strengthen 400ml of 15% alcohol solution to 32% alcohol solution, a pharmacist
would need additional pure alcohol amounting to
(a) 100 ml (b) 200 ml (c) 250 ml (d) 400 ml
(a) Solution: Quantity of alcohol in 400ml solution = 15% of 400 ml = 60ml.

Let x ml of alcohol be added. Then, =

On solving further, x will be obtained as 100.

Hence, 100 ml alcohol is required to be added.
Q.33. Maya sells her goods 50% dearer than Kaya and 20% dearer than Chhaya. How much
percentage is Chhaya’s goods dearer than Kaya?
(a) 25% (b) 35% (c) 45% (d) 10%
(a) Solution: We can assume anyone’s selling price between Kaya and Chhaya, so let’s assume
that the selling price of Kaya is Rs. 100, then the selling price of Maya would be Rs. 150 (Maya’s
goods are 50% dearer than Kaya). Now, we need to ind the selling price of Chhaya. So as given,
Maya sells her goods 20% dearer than Chhaya, this means Maya’s goods are 120% of Chhaya
(Remember the concept of multiplying factor). So, we can write: Maya = 120% of Chhaya i.e.,

150 = × Chhaya

15000 = 120 × Chhaya

Chhaya = 125.
Now, as Kaya’s selling price is Rs. 100 and Chhaya’s selling price is Rs. 125, Chhaya’s goods are
25% dearer than Kaya.

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I am taking more writing space for these solutions just to make a clear view of the solution in
your mind. Once you understood, you won’t take more than 25 seconds to get the answer.
Q.34. Sneha Mishra generally wears her sister’s top. One day, her cousin poked her that she
was wearing a top of length more than her height by 15%. If the length of Sneha’s sister’s top
is 120 cm then what would be the length of Sneha’s own top?
(a) 100 cm (b) 104.34 cm (c) 102 cm (d) 105 cm
(b) Solution: As given, length of Sneha’s sister’s top is 120cm which is 15% more than that of
Sneha. This clari ies that Sneha’s sister is 115% of Sneha which can be written as Sister =
115% of Sneha i.e., 120 = × Sneha.

12000 = 115 × Sneha

Sneha = 104.34.
Hence, 104.34 is the required answer.
Q.35. The height of a triangle is increased by 40%. What can be the maximum percentage
increase in length of the base so that increase in area is restricted to a maximum of 60%?
(a) 14% (b) 15% (c) 14.28% (d) 15.28%
(c) Solution: Let the initial height and base of the triangle be 100 cm, so initial area of the
triangle would be × Base × Height = 5000 cm. Now as the length is increased by 40%, new
length would be 140 cm and we have to ind the % increase in base. As given, Area can be
maximum of 60%, so we can say that the new area should be 160% of 5000 i.e., 8000. Now,
applying the formula of area of triangle to get the base, Area of triangle = × Base × Height

8000 = × Base × 140

16000 = Base × 140

Base = 114.28
We know that base was initially 100 but after the increment, it is 114.28 now which makes an
increment of 14.28% in the base.
This question could be solved in just a few steps and within a couple of seconds. Once you
understood, you will be able to solve it quickly.
Q.36. If the price of sugar falls by 20%. How much sugar can be bought now with the money
that was suf icient to buy 20 kg of sugar previously?
(a) 35 kg (b) 25 kg (c) 50 kg (d) 55 kg
(b) Solution: As given, we were purchasing 20 kg rice previously.
Let the price of 20 kg sugar be Rs. 100 i.e., the price of 1 kg sugar is Rs. 5.
When price of sugar falls by 20%, the new price of 20 kg rice is Rs. 80 i.e., price of 1 kg rice is
Rs. 4.

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Now, according to the question, we have 100 rupees to purchase the sugar who price is now
decreased. As 1 kg sugar now costs Rs. 4, we can purchase 100/4 = 25 kg sugar.
Q.37. Ronny and Johny have salaries that together amount to Rs. 10000 per month. They spend
the same amount monthly and then it is found that the ratio of their savings is 6:1. Then which
of the given is Ronny’s salary?
(a) 6000 (b) 4000 (c) 2000 (d) 9000
(a) Solution: You would be thinking the formula to be used here to ind the answer. But its
better to apply the logic than going for the solution and the logic is, Ronny’s salary would be
more as both of them are spending the same amount of their salaries and the ratio of the
savings of Ronny is more than that of Johny. Hence, salary of Ronny would be Rs. 6000.
Q.38. Raghav invests Rs. 40000 in some shares in the ratio of 1:4:5 which pay dividends of
10%, 15% and 25% (on his investment) for that particular year respectively. Find his dividend
income.
(a) Rs. 7000 (b) Rs. 7800 (c) Rs. 8000 (d) Rs. 9000
(b) Solution: As the ratio of investment is given as 1:4:5, we can easily ind the value of all the
three investments.

First investment = 40000 ×

= 40000 × = 4000

Dividend from the irst investment = 10% of 4000 = Rs. 400

Second investment = 40000 ×

= 40000 × = 16000

Dividend from the second investment = 15% of 16000 = Rs. 2400

Third investment = 40000 ×

= 40000 × = 20000

Dividend from the third investment = 25% of 20000 = Rs. 5000

Therefore, Total dividend income = Rs. 400 + Rs. 2400 + Rs. 5000 = Rs. 7800.
Q.39. In an assembly all the students of a school stand in three rows, the irst row has 20%
more students than the second row and the third row contain 20% less students than the
second row. If the total number of students in all the rows is 300, then ind the number of
students in the irst row.
(a) 120 (b) 140 (c) 125 (d) 130
(a) Solution: Let the number of students in second row be x, then number of students in irst
row = 120% of x (can also be written as 1.2x) and the number of students in the third row be

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80% of x (can also be written as 0.8x). Now, as there are total 300 students, the addition of x,
1.2x & 0.8x would give us 300.
x + 1.2x + 0.8x = 300
3x = 300
x = 100 (number of students in the second row)
Hence, number of students in the irst row would be 120% of 100 = 120.
Q.40. The length of a rectangle is increased by 10%. What will be the percentage decrease in
its breadth so as to have the same area?
(a) 100/11% (b) 100/12% (c) 200/11% (d) 100/20%
(a) Solution: Let the initial length be l and breadth be b. Then, initial area of a rectangle =
length × breadth = lb. When length is increased by 10%, new length = 110% of l = .
Breadth = b’. As new area has to be same,
New area of rectangle = length × breadth

lb = × b’

b’ =

b’ = 𝑏.

Decrease in breadth = Initial breadth – New breadth.

=b- = 𝑏

% decrease in breadth = × 100 = %.

Q.41. The number of seats in an auditorium is increased by 25%. The price on a ticket is also
increased by 12%. What is the effect on the revenue collected?
(a) 45% (b) 40% (c) 50% (d) 55%
(b) Solution: Let there were 100 seats in the auditorium initially and the price of ticket per
seat be Rs. 10. Then initial revenue = Total number of seats × Price of 1 ticket for a seat = 100
× 10 = Rs. 1000.
Now, when number of seats increased by 25%, new number of seats = 125% of 100 = 125.
Also, price of the ticket is increased by 12%, new ticket price = 112% of 10 = Rs. 11.2. So, new
revenue collection = New number of seats × New ticket price = 125 × 11.2 = 1400.
Hence, revenue collection is increased by 40%.
Q.42. Salaries of Mona, Shona and Lily are in the ratio 1:2:3. Salary of Shona and Lily together
is Rs. 6000. By what percent is the salary of Lily more than that of Mona?

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(a) 100% (b) 300% (c) 200% (d) 250%
(c) Solution: Let the salary of Mona be x, Shona be 2x and Lily be 3x respectively.
As given, combined salary of Shona and Lily is Rs. 6000, so we can say that 2x + 3x = 6000. 5x
= 6000. x = Rs. 1200. We got the salary of Mona as Rs. 1200, salary of Shona as Rs. 2400 and
the salary of Lily as Rs. 3600.
( )
Hence, Lily’s salary is × 100 = 200% more than that of Mona.

Q.43. The price of ghee is increased by 25%. If the expenditure of Raghav does not increase,
the ratio between the reduction in consumption and the original consumption is
(a) 25% (b) 22% (c) 30% (d) 20%
(d) Solution: Let Raghav consumes 10 kg ghee at the price of Rs. 100 initially. This means 1 kg
ghee costs Rs. 10. When price of ghee increased by 25%, new price of 10 kg ghee = Rs. 125,
which means that the price of 1 kg ghee = Rs. 12.5. As the expenditure does not increase,
Raghav is now purchasing = 8 kg ghee at the cost price of Rs. 100. We know that before
⋅
increment of the price, he was purchasing 10 kg ghee but now he is purchasing 8 kg ghee,
hence, ratio of consumptions = 8:10 = 4:5.
If in the above question, it would have asked to ind the percentage decrease in the
consumption, then the solution would be same. The only thing required to ind out the
percentage is - × 100 = × 100 = 20%.

Q.44. What strength of 20ml alcohol should be added to 10ml of 50% alcohol to get an average
strength of 20% alcohol?
(a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) 20%
(a) Solution: Quantity of inal solution = 30 ml.
Content of alcohol in inal solution = 6 ml.
Alcohol content in the second solution = 50% of 10 ml = 5 ml.
Therefore, alcohol content in irst solution = 1 ml.
Strength of alcohol in irst solution = 1/20 = 5%.
𝟏
Q.45. A man buys a house for Rs. 5 lakh and rents it. He puts 𝟏𝟐 % of each month’s rent aside
𝟐
for repairs and pays Rs. 1660 as annual taxes and realises 10% on his investment thereafter.
Find the monthly rent of the house.
(a) Rs. 4920 (b) Rs. 5000 (c) 4900 (d) 4000
(a) Solution: As given, man is realising 10% on his total investment after all, that means he is
getting 10% of 500000 = Rs. 5000. As he is paying tax of Rs. 1660 annually, we will have to
assume the rent of house for the whole year (12 months). Let the rent for a year be x, then

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x - 12 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 + 1660 = 5000

x- × × 𝑥 + 1660 = 5000

On solving further, we will get the value of x as Rs. 59040, which on dividing by 12 (to get the
monthly rent) will give the answer as Rs. 4920 and that’s the required answer.
𝟏 𝟐
Q.46. An investor earns 3% return on of his capital, 5% on and 11% on the remainder. What
𝟒 𝟑
is the average rate of return he earns on his total capital?
(a) 6% (b) 5% (c) 7% (d) 5.5%
(b) Solution: Let his total capital be x,

On of his capital, he earns = 3% i.e., 3% of 𝑥

On of his capital, he earns 5% i.e., 5% of 𝑥

Remaining capital = x – 𝑥+ 𝑥 =

On remaining, he earns 11% i.e., 11% of

Total return from all the capital parts = × + × + ×

Average rate of return = × 100 = 5%.

Q.47. A man’s working hours a day increased by 20% and his wages per hour were increased
by 15%. By how much percent was his daily earning increased?
(a) 38% (b) 48% (c) 50% (d) 28%
(a) Solution: Let he was working 10 hours a day at the rate of Rs. 10 per hour. Then his wages
for a day were = Total working hours × Amount received per hour = 10 × 10 = Rs. 100
When working hours increased by 20%, he is now working 12 hours a day and as his wages
per hour are increased by 15%, he is now getting Rs. 11.5 per hour. Then his wages for a day
are = New working hours × New amount for an hour = 12 × 11.5 = Rs. 138
Hence, his daily earning is increased by 38% (initially it was Rs. 100 and after increment it is
Rs. 138).
Q.48. A man’s annual income has increased by Rs. 5 lakhs but the tax on income that he has to
pay has reduced from 12% to 10%. He now pays Rs. 10000 more income tax. What is his
increased income?
(a) 15000 (b) 17000 (c) 20000 (d) 10000

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(d) Solution: Let his initial income be x. New income = x + 5 or x + 500000. As Income tax has
reduced from 12% to 10%,
According to the question,
12% of x – 10% of (x + 500000) = 10000

− (𝑥 + 500000) = 10000

Hence, his income is increased by Rs. 10000

Q.49. Saumya went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 paise
went on sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the
tax-free items?
(a) 25 (b) 20 (c) 35 (d) 40
(b) Solution: Given that the tax rate was 6% which is equivalent to 30 paise. If 6% = 30 paise,
then 1% = 5 paise and similarly, 100% = 100 × 5 = 500 paise i.e., Rs. 5. Now, we have got the
tax as Rs. 5. So, we can say that on the total purchase of Rs. 25, if we take out the amount of the
taxable items, the remaining items will be tax-free i.e., 25 – 5 = Rs. 20 which is the required
answer.
Q.50. The charges for a ive-day trip by a tourist bus for one full ticket and a half ticket are Rs.
1440 inclusive of boarding charges which are same for a full ticket and a half ticket. The
charges for the same trip for 2 full tickets and one half ticket inclusive of boarding charges are
Rs. 2220. The fare for a half ticket is 75% of the full ticket. Find the fare and the boarding
charges separately for one full ticket.
(a) 300, 400 (b) 440, 500 (c) 550, 300 (d) 480, 300
(d) Solution: Let the fare for a full ticket be x and the boarding charges be y per ticket. Then,
fare for a half ticket would be 75% of x (can also be written as ).

Now, (x + y) + + 𝑦 = 1440

7x + 8y = 5760 ….. (i)

And, 2(x + y) + + 4 = 2220

+ 3𝑦 = 2220

11x + 12y = 8880 …..(ii)

On solving eq. (i) and eq. (ii), we will get the value of x as Rs. 480 and the value of y as Rs. 300.
Q.51. In a Mathematics examination, the average for the entire class was 80 marks. If 10% of
the students scored 95 marks and 20% scored 90 marks, what was the average marks of the
remaining students of the class?
(a) 75 (b) 80 (c) 90 (d) 85

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(a) Solution: Let there were 100 students in the class and the required average be x,
Then, (10 × 95) + (20 × 90) + (70 × x) = (100 × 80)
70x = 8000 – (950 + 1800)
70x = 5250
x = 75, which is the required answer.
Q.52. Fresh watermelons contain 95% water by weight, while dry watermelons contain only
20% water by weight. What is the weight of dry watermelons available from 40 kgs of fresh
watermelons?
(a) 2 kgs (b) 2.5 kgs (c) 3 kgs (d) 1.5 kgs
(b) Solution: Of the total weight of 40 kgs, 38 kgs is water and 2 kgs would be fruit pulp. When
you make the watermelons dried, you will still have 2 kgs of fruit
pulp. This 2 kg would mean 80% of the weight of dry watermelons (we know that dry
watermelons have 20% water by weight). Now, we can come to the conclusion that the total
weight of dry watermelons would be 2.5 kgs (by using unitary method on these numbers).
Q.53. Pinky’s school project consists of 25 pages each of 60 lines with 75 characters on each
line. In case the number of lines is reduced to 55 but the number of characters is increased to
90 per lines, what is the percentage change in the number of pages?
(a) 9% (b) 10% (c) 8% (d) 12%
(c) Solution: We know that total no. of characters in her project were = (25 × 60 × 75) =
112500. Now, let’s assume that the new number of pages in her project is p, then:
p × 55 × 90 = 112500
Solving further, you will get the value of p as 22.72 which means that her project will now
require almost 23 pages (22.72 has been taken as 23 because number of pages can’t be in
decimal). Hence, required percentage change = × 100 = 8%.

Q.54. After three successive equal percentage rise in the salary of Akansha, the sum of 100
rupees turned into 140 rupees and 49 paise. Find the percentage change or rise in her salary.
(i) 40% (ii) 24% (iii) 70% (iv) 12%
(iv) Solution: The reason for providing options in this question is, I want to make you aware
about the importance of examples. Sometimes, examples prove to be very easy mode of solving
questions using trial and error method. The option which its best in the given condition of the
question would be the required answer. Hence, using trial and error method in this question,
you will get the answer as 12%.
Q.55. In the university examination last year, Nikhil scored 65% in Mathematics and 82% in
History. What is the minimum percent he should score in Economics, which is out of 50 marks
(if Mathematics and History were for 100 marks each) if he wants to get 78% overall?
(a) 98% (b) 96% (c) 86% (d) 92%

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(b) Solution: If Mathematics and History were of 100 marks, then Nikhil would have scored 65
marks in Mathematics (65% of 100) and 82 marks in History (82% of 100) respectively. Since,
the exam contains a total of (100 + 100 + 50) = 250 marks, he needs to get 78% of 250 = 195
marks to achieve his target. Hence, he should score 195 – 65 – 82 = 195 – 147 = 48 marks in
Economics which would equal to 96% and that’s the required answer.
Q.56. In a factory, the production of soap is three times the production of detergent. If x percent
more soap and y percent more detergent were produced, the aggregate amount would be 5z
percent more. But if y percent more soap and some percent more detergent were produced,
the aggregate amount produced would be 3z percent more. What is the ratio of x:y?
(a) 4:1 (b) 3:1 (c) 4:2 (d) 3:2
(b) Solution: Let’s assume that the production of soap is s and the production of detergent is
d,
As per the given information, s = 3d.
Also, s(100 + x) + d(100 + y) = (s + d)(100 + 5z)
s(a – 5z) = d(5z – y) i.e., 3x – 15z = 5z – y i.e., 3x + y = 20z ……. (i)
Again, s(100 + y) + d(100 + x) = (s + d)(100 + 3z) s(y – 3z) = d(3z – x) i.e., 3y – 9z = 3z – x
i.e., x + 3y = 12z ……(ii)
Now, Equation (i) – 3 × Equation (ii)
- 8y = - 16z i.e., y = 2z
3x = 18z
x = 6z

Hence, = which means, x:y = 3:1, which is our required answer.

Q.57. The price of bricks was increased by 10%. The consumption also increased from 200
bricks to 225 bricks. By how much percent will the expenditure on the article rise?
(a) 22% (b) 23.70% (c) 24.75% (d) 23.75%
(d) Solution: Let the price of 1 brick be Rs. 10, then as per the initial consumption, the
expenditure would be 200 × 10 = Rs. 2000.
Now, price of brick has been increased by 10% i.e., it now became Rs. 11 per brick. Also,
consumption of bricks has been increased to 225 which means the new expenditure would be
225 × 11 = Rs. 2475.
Change in expenditure = (2475 – 2000) = Rs. 475.

Percent rise in the expenditure = × 100 = 23.75%.

Hence, 23.75% is the required answer.

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Q.58. The hourly wages of Nisha are increased by 12.5%, whereas the weekly working hours
are reduced by 8%. Find the percentage change in the weekly wages if she was getting Rs.
1200 per week for 50 hours previously.
(a) 4% (b) 3.5% (c) 3% (d) 5%
(b) Solution: It is given that initially she was receiving Rs. 1200 for 50 hours in a week, so
wages per hour were = = Rs. 24.

Now, her wages are increased by 12.5%, so new wages are = 112.5% of 24 = Rs. 27. Also, her
working hours are reduced by 8%, so new working hours = 92% of 50 = 46 hours.
New wages for 46 hours in a week = 46 × 27 = Rs. 1242. Clearly, she got the increment of
(1242 – 1200) = Rs. 42 in her wages.

Hence, required percentage change = × 100 = 3.5% increased.

Q.59. Mr. Ahuja has to cover certain distance, he uses 24% of his fuel in covering the irst 20%
of his journey. If he knows that he has to cover another 25% of his journey in town driving
conditions, what should be the minimum percentage increase in the fuel ef iciency for non-
town driving over the city driving fuel ef iciency, so that he is just able to cover his entire
journey without having to refuel?
(a) 43% (b) 42% (c) 43.5% (d) 43.75%
(c) Solution: He will consume 54% of his fuel covering 45% of the distance in town driving
conditions. This works out to an average fuel consumption of 45/54 = 0.83% distance per unit
fuel consumed. This means that he is required to cover 55% of his journey using 46% fuel.
Also, required fuel ef iciency would be = 1.19. Increase in fuel ef iciency required is from
0.83 to 1.19 which can be said as 43.5% as approx. Got it?
Q.60. The petrol prices shot up by 7% as a result of the hike in the prices of crudes. The price
of petrol before the hike was Rs. 28 per litre. Rahul travels 2400 kms every month and his car
gives a mileage of 18 kms for a litre. Find the increase in the expenditure that Rahul has to
incur due to the increase in the price of petrol.
(a) Rs. 262 (b) Rs. 260 (c) Rs. 270 (d) Rs. 280
(a) Solution: You might be thinking that the solution of this question may long as the question
is long but that’s absolutely wrong. You just have to used an easiest approach which can save
your time. Don’t be scared just by the language of the question.
Here, travelling for 2400 kms at 18 km/h, Rahul would use 133.33 litres of petrol
every month as per the given information. So, the increase in expenditure of Rahul will be
133.33 × 0.07 × 28 = Rs. 262 (This answer is in approx.)
Q.61. The population of a town is 8400 currently. Of this, four-sevenths are males, and they
have to marry women of their own town. If 65% of the males are married, then ind the

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percentage of unmarried females among females. Females of this town are also supposed to
marry men of their own town.
(a) 14.33% (b) 15% (c) 13% (d) 13.33%

(d) Solution: Number of males in a town would be of 8400 = 4800. So, the number of females
would be (8400 – 4800) = 3600.
Number of married men = 0.65 × 4800 = 3120 (as 65% are married).
As men are allowed to marry only with the females of their own town, the number of married
men will be equal to the number of married females. So, the number of married females will
also be 3120.
Now, remaining females = 3600 – 3120 = 480.

Percentage of unmarried females = × 100 = 13.33% which is the required answer.

Q.62. If the word PHOTOGRAPH is spelt with ‘F’ in place of ’PH’ then what would be the
percentage reduction in the number of letters? (SSC CAPF’s SI & CISF ASI Exam, 2019)
(a) 20% (b) 10% (c) 5% (d) 15%
(b) Solution: We can see that currently the word has 10 letters in total and when we start
putting ‘F’ in place of ‘PH’ then the letters reduced to 9 only, which makes a difference of 1
letter and if we talk about percentage reduction in the number of letters, then we know that 1
is 10% of 10 and hence the answer would be 10%. You can also perform the solution as ×
100 = 10%.
Q.63. When a number is increased by 40 it becomes 125% of itself. What is the number? (SSC
CGL Tier-2 CBE Exam, 2018)
(a) 170 (b) 160 (c) 175 (d) 185
(b) Solution: Here, we can’t assume the number as 100 because if 100 would be the number,
then on increasing it by 40 i.e., 140, it does not become 125% of itself. So, let the number be x.
On increasing x by 40 i.e., x + 40, it becomes 125% of x. Now, we can equate both the terms to
get the desired answer.

Doing the same, x + 40 =

100x + 4000 = 125x

4000 = 25x
160 = x
Therefore, the number is 160.
Q.64. Nagaraj could save 10% of his income. But 2 years later, when his income increased by
20%, he could save the same amount only as before. By how much percentage has his
expenditure increased? (CDS, 2016)

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(a) 22.22% (b) 44.44% (c) 66.66% (d) 60%
(a) Solution: Let the initial income of Nagaraj be Rs. 100, then his savings would be Rs. 10
(10% of 100) and his expenditure would be Income – Savings i.e., 100 – 10 = Rs. 90. After 2
years, his income became Rs. 120 (20% increased) but his savings are still Rs. 10 which means
his expenditure is 120 – 10 = Rs. 110 making an increment of Rs. 20 (110 – 90) and %
increment = × 100 = 22.22%

Q.65. Petrol prices increased by 7% as a result of the increase in price of the crude. Petrol was
priced at Rs. 28/litre before the hike. Yuvan travels 2400 kms every month and his car gives a
milage of 18 kms in a litre. Find the increase in the cost that Yuvan has to bear due to the
increase in the price of petrol (in nearest Rs.) (CAT)
(a) Rs. 260 (b) Rs. 360 (c) Rs. 260.68 (d) Rs. 270
(c) Solution: As per the question,

Amount of petrol illed in car by Yuvan per month = = 133.33 litres. So, increase in
expenditure of Yuvan = 133.33 × × 28 = Rs. 260.68

Q.66. In an election between two candidates, 75% of the voters cast their votes, out of which
2% of the votes were declared invalid. A candidate got 9261 votes which were 75% of the total
valid votes, then how many voters are enrolled in that election?
(a) 17000 (b) 16800 (c) 16820 (d) 15000
(b) Solution: Here, we will assume the number of registered votes as x,

So, number of casted votes = = .

Number of invalid votes = ×

= =

Number of valid votes = −

Now, as per the given conditions,

× = 9261

On solving further, we will get the value of x as 16800 which is the answer.
Q.67. Due to an increase of 30% in the price of eggs, 3 eggs less are available for Rs. 7.80. Find
the present price of per dozen eggs. (MAT, 2014)
(a) Rs. 9 (b) Rs. 10 (c) Rs. 9.36 (d) Rs. 11
(c) Solution: Let original price of one egg be Rs. x.

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Then, new price would be = Rs.
. .
As per the given conditions, − =3

.
− =3

x=

x = 0.6

Hence, present price per dozen = Rs. 12 × × 0.6

= Rs. 9.36
Q.68. Rohit secured 30% marks and failed by 15 marks. Mohan secured 40% marks and scored
35 more than the marks required to pass. The passing percentage is:
(a) 35% (b) 30% (c) 42% (d) 33%
(d) Solution: Let the maximum marks of the exam be x because after getting maximum marks,
we will be able to ind the passing marks easily.
As Rohit failed by 15 marks after getting 30%, he is required to get 15 more marks to get just
passed, so his marks should be + 15 – Equation 1. Also, Mohan got 35 extra marks then the
passing marks after securing 40%, this clari ies that 35 marks should be deducted from the
marks obtained by Mohan to get equal to the passing marks. Now, we can equate the marks of
both of them as both are the passing marks.

Doing the same, + 15 = − 35

On solving further, you will get the value of x as 500 which is the maximum marks. Now, as
Rohit scored 30% of 500, his marks was 150 and on adding 15 more marks in this, we will get
the passing marks as 165 which is 33% of the total marks. Hence, the required answer is 33%.
Q.69. 15% of the votes cast in the election of two candidates were declared invalid. The winner
received 60% of the valid votes and defeated the loser by 1700 votes. Total how many votes
were casted?
(a) 10000 (b) 15000 (c) 12000 (d) 20000
(a) Solution: Let’s assume that the total votes casted be 100%, then valid votes would be 100%
- 15% = 85%.
Votes obtained by winner = 60% of 85 = 51%
Votes obtained by loser = 85% - 51% = 34%
According to the given conditions,
51% - 34% = 1700
17% = 1700

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1% = 100
So, 100% would be 10000 which is the required answer.
Q.70. Sudhakar has drawn an angle of measure 45◦ 27’ when he was asked to draw an angle
of 45◦. The percentage error made is
(a) 1.15% (b) 2% (c) 1% (d) 2.15%
(c) Solution: Error = (45◦ 27’ - 45◦) = 27’.
Accurate measure = 45◦ = (45 × 60’) = 2700’.

Hence, required percentage error is × 100 = 1%.

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 Previous Years Questions

1. In an election with only two contesting candidates, 15% of the voters did not turn up to
vote, and 50 voters cast invalid votes. It is known that 44% of all the voters in the voting
list voted for the winner. If the winner got 200 votes more than the other candidate, then
the number of voters in the voting list is (IPMAT Indore, 2023)
(a) 2000 (b) 5000 (c) 7000 (d) 4000
2. The increase in the price of a certain item was 25%. Then the price was decreased by 20%
and then again increased by 10%. What is the resultant increase in the price? (CSAT, 2023)
(a) 20% (b) 15% (c) 10% (d) 25%
3. If one of the sides of square is increased by 20% and the other side is decreased by 20% to
get a rectangle, what percent of the area of the square will be the area of this rectangle?
(SNAP, 2023)
(a) 95% (b) 92% (c) 55% (d) 96%
4. Ravi invests 50% of his monthly savings in ixed deposits. 30% of the rest of his savings is
invested in stocks and the rest goes into Ravi’s savings bank account. If the total amount
deposited by him in the bank (for savings and ixed deposits) is Rs. 59500, then Ravi’s total
monthly savings (in Rs.) is (CAT, 2022)
(a) 70000 (b) 80000 (c) 75000 (d) 90000
5. The present value of an optical instrument is Rs. 20000. If its value will depreciate 5% in
the irst year, 4% in the second year and 2% in the third year, what will be its value after 3
years? (MAT, 2022)
(a) 16534.5 (b) 16756.5 (c) 17875.2 (d) 17556.8
6. The price of sugar per kg increased from Rs. 16 to Rs. 20. The percentage reduction in the
use of sugar so that the expenditure does not increase should be (PCS, 2022)
(a) 15% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 40%
7. The price of oil is increased by 25%. If the expenditure is not allowed to increase, the ratio
between the reduction in consumption and the original consumption is (CMAT, 2022)
(a) 1:3 (b) 1:4 (c) 1:5 (d) 1:6
8. 1 litre of water is added to 5 litres of alcohol-water solution 40% alcohol strength. The
strength of alcohol in the new solution will be (Campus Recruitment, 2022)
(a) 30% (b) 100/3% (c) 101/3% (d) 33%
9. A candidate scoring 25% marks in an examination fails by 30 marks while another
candidate who score 50% marks gets 20 marks more than those required to pass. The pass
percentage is. (JIPMAT, PAPER 2021)
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 40%) (d) 45%
10. Tom’s salary is 150% of John’ salary. John’ salary is 80% of Steve’s salary. What is the ratio
of Steve’s salary to Tom’s salary? (CMAT, 2021)
(a) 5:5 (b) 5:6 (c) 5:7 (d) 5:8

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11. P scored 40 marks more than Q in an examination. If Q scored 10% less marks than P, then
how much did Q score? (CSAT, 2021)
(a) 360 (b) 380 (c) 400 (d) 420
12. The price of a certain item is increased by 15%. If a customer wants to keep his expenditure
on the item same as before, how much percent must he reduce his consumption of that
item? (IIFT, 2021)
(a) 10 % (b) 13 % (c)16 % (d) 15%

13. In a factory there are three types of machines B1, B2, B3, which produce 20%, 15% and 32%
of the total products respectively. Further, machines B1, B2 and B3 produce 3%, 7% and 2%
defective products also. Find the % of non- defective products. (IPMAT ROHTAK, 2020)
(a) 50% (b) 64% (c) 60% (d) 70%
14. In a group of people, 28% of the members are young while the rest are odd. If 65% of the
members are literates and 25% of the literates are young, then the percentage of old people
among the illiterates is nearest to (CAT, 2020)
(a) 59 (b) 55 (c) 62 (d) 66
15. In the inal examination, Bishnu scored 52% and Asha scored 64%. The marks obtained by
Bishnu is 23 less, and that by Asha is 34 more than the marks obtained by Ramesh. The
marks obtained by Geeta, who scored 84% is (CAT, 2020)
(a) 439 (b) 357 (c) 399 (d) 417

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 Answers

1. 5000
2. 10%
3. 96%
4. 70000
5. Rs. 17875.2
6. 20%
7. 1:5
8. 100/3%
9. 40%
10. 5:6
11. 360

12. 13 %

13. 64%
14. 66%
15. 399

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 Detailed Solutions of Previous Years Questions

1. Let’s assume that the number of voters in the voting list is n, so votes polled would be 0.85n
and invalid votes polled would be 50. Votes polled to winner would be 𝑛 × = 0.44n. Votes
polled to loser would be 0.85n – 50 – 0.44n.
According to the given condition,
0.44n – (0.85n – 50 – 0.44n) = 200
On solving further, we will get the value of n as 5000, which is the required answer.
2. Let’s assume that the initial price of the item was Rs. 100, then as per the question, price
increased to 125. Then the price becomes Rs. 100 (20% decrease) and inally becomes Rs. 110
(10% increase). Since, the total increment is just Rs. 10 on Rs. 100, required percentage
increase is 10% as the answer.
3. Let’s assume that the side of square is 100m, then area would be 100 × 100 = 10000m 2.
First new side would be 120% of 100 = 120m and second new side would be 80% of 100 =
80m
New area = 120 × 80 = 9600m2
Decrease in area = 10000 – 9600 = 400m2
Also, decrease in percentage = × 100 = 4%.
Hence, the required answer is 100% - 4% = 96%.
4. As per the given question, taking the constant value as x, 50x is deposited by him in ixed
deposits. 30% of 50x i.e., 15x is invested in stocks and 35x goes to savings bank. It is also given
that 85x = 59500
x = 700
Hence, 100x corresponds to 70000, which is the required answer.
5. The solution is quite simple and is based on direct formula,
Value after 3 years would be = 20000 1 − 1− 1−
= 20000 × × ×
= Rs. 17875.2
6. Let’s assume that the original consumption is 100 kg and new consumption be x kg.
So, 100 × 16 = x × 20
x = 80
Reduction in consumption = 20%, which is the required answer.
7. Let’s assume that the original consumption is 1 unit that costs Rs. 100.
New cost is Rs. 125.
So, new consumption would be = × 100 = 4/5 unit.

Now, = =
Hence, the required answer is 1:5.
8. The solution is based on simple calculation:

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Quantity of alcohol = × 5 = 2 litres.
Hence, new strength = × 100 = 100/3%.
9. Let’s assume that the maximum marks are x. If the irst candidate fails by 30 marks after
scoring 25% of the maximum, we can say that he would have got 𝑥 marks and the passing
marks would be 𝑥 + 30.
Now, since the second candidate gets 20 more than that of passing marks by scoring 50%, we
can say that the passing marks in this case would be 𝑥 − 20.
As we have got two cases of passing marks, we can equate them to get the value of x,
𝑥 + 30 = 𝑥 − 20
x = 200, which is the maximum marks.
Since irst candidate was failed by 30 marks after scoring 25%, his score was 50 (25% of 200)
and the passing marks would be 50 + 30 = 80, which is exactly 40% of the maximum marks.
Hence, 40% is the required answer.
10. Since the overall question is dependent on Steve’s salary, let’s assume that Steve’s salary is
100, so John’s salary would be 80 (80% of Steve’s salary) and Tom’s salary would be 120
(150% of John’s salary). Now, the ratio of Steve’s salary to Tom’s salary is = = 5:6 which
is the required answer.
11. If you go to assume P’s marks then it will take a lot of time and efforts to reach the answer.
So, let’s do the solution in some other way:
It is given that P scored 40 marks more than Q and also Q scored 10% less than P, so can I say
that 40 marks corresponds to 10%? Of course, we can. This means that 10% = 40 and if 10%
is 40, then 100% = 400 which is the marks obtained by P.
Hence, Q scored 400 – 40 = 360 marks.
12. Again the solution is based on the formula that I have mentioned in the theoretical part of
the chapter:
= × 100 %
( )

= × 100 %
Hence, the required answer is 13 %.
13. Let’s assume that the total production is x. The production of B 1 would be 20% of x,
production of B2 would be 15% of x and the production of B3 would be 32% of x.
So, the non-defective production would be 97% of 20% of x + 93% of 15% of x + 98% of 32%
of x, this will give us the value as 64.71% which corresponds to 64% and that is the required
answer.
14. Clearly, it is given that 28% members are young, so 72% members would be old. Also, it is
given that 65% are literates, which clari ies that 35% are illiterates. Since 25% of literates are
young, out of 72% old members, 48.75% are de initely literates. Percentage of Illiterates old
member would be 72 – 48.75 = 23.25%. Percentage of old people among the illiterates is
.
× 100 = 66.42%, which corresponds to 66% as the answer.

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15. Assuming that the total score is 1000x, so score of Bishnu would be 525 of 1000x = 520x
and that of Asha would be 640x.
Ramesh marks will be obtained as: Bishnu’s marks + 23 = Asha’s marks – 34
520x + 23 = 640x – 34
x = 57/120.
Total marks would be = 1000 × = 475.
Hence, marks obtained by Geeta is × 475 = 399

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 Tricky Problems (TP-2)

1. Sheetal scores 30% in an aptitude test and after a review her score is increased by 60%.
However, she still fails by 35 marks. If her post review score is increased by 25%, then she
would pass by 25 marks. What was the actual marks (in %) required to pass the test?
(a) 45% (b) 55% (c) 65% (d) 35%
2. Vaibhav is working as a project manager in a book publishing company in Ahmedabad. As
per the company’s policy, he gets a commission of 7% on all the new projects upto Rs.
100000 and 8% on all projects in excess of this amount. From his total collection, Vaibhav
deducts his commission and remits the balance to the company’s account. If he remits Rs.
295400 to the company, then his total sales were worth?
(a) Rs. 320000 (b) Rs. 420000 (c) Rs. 325000 (d) Rs. 535000
3. Mr. Agnihotri, a famous businessman, started off a start-up with a very little principal. In
the irst year, he earned a total pro it of 50% and donated 50% of the amount obtained
(principal + pro it) to a charitable organisation. The same thing followed in the second and
third year also. If at the end of three years, he is left with Rs. 16875, then ind the amount
donated by him at the end of the second year.
(a) Rs. 22000 (b) Rs. 25000 (c) 22500 (d) 22550
4. At IIT Indore, 60% of the students are boys and the rest are girls. Further 15% of the boys
and 7.5% of the girls are getting a fee waiver and their number is 90. Find the total number
of students getting 50% concession if it is known that 50% of those not getting a fee waiver
are eligible to get half-fee concession?
(a) 330 (b) 340 (c) 335 (d) 350
5. Astha goes to a super market to buy a T.V costing Rs. 13080. The rate of sales tax is 9%. She
asks the retailer to reduce the price of the T.V to such an extent that she has to pay Rs.
13080 inclusive of sales tax. Find the percentage reduction needed in the price of the T.V
to just satisfy her requirement.
(a) 8% (b) 8.26% (c) 7% (d) 7.26%
6. The cost of food accounted for 25% of the income of a particular group of friends. If the
income gets raised by 20%, then what should be the percentage decrease in the food
expenditure as a percentage of the total income to keep the food expenditure unchanged
between the two years?
(a) 3.16% (b) 4.25% (c) 4.16% (d) 5%
7. In order to maximise his pro it, Shubham, decides the reduce the price of the tickets of his
theatre by 20% and as a result of this, the sales of tickets increased by 40%. As a result of
these changes, he is able to increase his weekly collection by Rs. 168000. Find that, by what
value did the gross collection increase per day?
(a) Rs. 24500 (b) Rs. 20000 (c) Rs. 24000 (d) Rs. 25000
8. Akash is appointed as a salesman on the basic salary of Rs. 1200 per month in a company
with the condition that for every sale of Rs. 10000 above Rs. 10000, he will get 50% of basic

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 salary and 10% of the sales as a reward. This incentive scheme does not operate for the
irst Rs. 10000 of sales. What should be the value of sales if he wants to earn Rs. 7600 in a
particular month?
(a) Rs. 70000 (b) Rs. 50000 (c) Rs. 55000 (d) Rs. 20000
9. There were ‘n’ Rs. 10 notes and ‘m’ Rs. 100 notes. If there had been ‘n’ Rs. 100 notes and
‘m’ Rs. 10 notes, the amount would have been 200% more. Find the minimum possible
value of n, if 1 ≤ m ≤ 20.
(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 29 (d) 32
10. Two numbers P and Q are 20% and 28% less than a third number R. Find that, by what
percentage is the number Q less than the number P.
(a) 20% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) 25%
11. Atul saves 6% of his income. Two years later, his income shoots up by 15% but his savings
remain the same. Find the hike in his expenditure.
(a) 15% (b) 16% (c) 15.95% (d) 16.25%
12. If the length, breadth and height of a cube are increased by 5%, 5% and 20% respectively,
then what will be the impact on the surface area of the cube in percentage?
(a) 20.75% (b) 20% (c) 30.75% (d) 30%
13. An analogue watch gains by 2% per hour when the temperature is in the range of 40 to 50
degree Celsius and it loses at the same rate when the temperature is in the range of 20 to
30 degrees Celsius. However, Varun, the watch owner is fortunate since it runs on time in
all other temperature ranges. On one Sunday (a sunny day), the temperature started
soaring up from 8 a.m. at a uniform rate of 2 degree Celsius per hour and sometimes during
the afternoon it started coming down at the same rate. Find that, what time will it be by
the watch at 7 p.m., if at 8 a.m. the temperature was 32 degrees Celsius and at 4 p.m., it was
40 degrees Celsius.
(a) 7:04:48 (b) 7:4:28 (c) 7:04:28 (d) 7:40:48
14. The diesel prices shot up by 7% and the price of diesel before the hike was Rs. 28 per litre.
Vikas travels 2400 kilometres every month and his car gives a mileage of 18 kilometres to
a litre. Find the increase in the expenditure that Vikas has to incur due to the increase in
the price of diesel.
(a) Rs. 260 (b) Rs. 262 (c) Rs. 264 (d) Rs. 265
15. Kartik Malhotra has 72% vision in his left eye and 68% vision in the right eye. On corrective
therapy, he starts wearing contact lenses, which argument his vision by 15% in the left eye
and 11% in the right eye. Find out the percentage of normal vision that he possesses after
corrective therapy (you are required to assume that a person’s eyesight is a multiplicative
construct of the eyesight’s of his left and right eyes).
(a) 60% (b) 62% (c) 62.5% (d) 70%
16. Singham Singhania, a software engineer is assigned three jobs for which time allotted is in
the ratio of 5:4:2 (jobs are needed to be done individually). But due to some technical issue,

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 10% of the time allotted for each job gets wasted. Thereafter, owing to the lack of interest,
he invests only 40%, 30% and 20% of the hours of what was actually allotted to do the
given jobs individually. Find how much percentage of the total time allotted is the time
invested by Singham Singhania.
(a) 32.70% (b) 32.72% (c) 32% (d) 33.33%
17. On 21st June 2020, Vivaan got a bonus of Rs. 1 crore. He purchased a house for Rs. 45 lacs,
a car for Rs. 25 lacs and a bike for Rs. 5 lacs. He invests the remaining amount in a bank
ixed deposit that pays him 8% per annum compound interest. After three years, on 21st
June 2023, he sold the house, the car and the bike and withdraws the entire amount from
the bank ixed deposit. The total gain in his assets is 10%. The closest approximate
percentage of the original value at which he sold off the three items is.
(a) 102% (b) 104% (c) 106% (d) 107%
18. Akshay was going for the business meeting. Unfortunately, none of the lights were
available that day, so he decided to go with the train and realised that there were ive kinds
of tickets naming AC 1, AC 2, AC 3, 3-tier and general. The relationship between the rates
of the tickets for the Eurail is: AC 2 is 20% higher than that of AC 3 and AC 1 is 70% of AC
3’s value higher than the AC 2’s value. The 3-tier ticket is 25% of the AC 1’s ticket cost and
the general ticket is 1/3 of the price of AC 2 ticket. The AC 2 ticket costs 780 Euros between
London and Paris. The difference in the rates of 3-tier and the general ticket is.
(a) 48 (b) 48.75 (c) 46 (d) 45

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 Key to the TP-2

1. Let’s assume that the total marks are 100x. So, Sheetal’s initial score would be 30x and post
review her score becomes 48x after an increment of 60%. It is given that she still fails by
35 marks, this means that the passing marks are 48x + 35. On reading another condition
of the question, we get to know that the passing marks are also 60x – 25. Thus, 48x + 35 is
equal to 60x – 25 which gives x = 5. So, the test had the maximum of 500 marks the passing
score was 48x + 35 = 275, which has a percentage value of 55%.
2. Clearly, for the sale of irst 100000, he will get a commission amount of Rs. 7000 (7% of
100000). So, let’s assume that he has sold an amount of Rs. X, over Rs. 100000, then we
have the equation: 100000 + X – 7000 – 8% of X = 295400. Solving this equation, you will
get the value of X as Rs. 220000.
Hence, the total sales are 100000 + 220000 = Rs. 320000.
3. This type of questions have already been solved in very detail in Illustrations section. They
were the proper mathematical solutions. Since, this section of TPs has to be solved logically
and in very shorter way, I will use a very crystal-clear short format for the given question.
Try to visualise what has happened actually.
As per the given question,
100 → 150 → 75 (In the irst year) → 112.5 → 56.25 (In the second year) → 84.375 →
42.1875.
Now, we can say that 42.1875 is equal to Rs. 16875
Hence, 1 corresponds to 400 and the second year’s donation is 56.25 × 400 = Rs. 22500.
4. The question is completely based on your thinking capacity.
If we assume that the total number of students are 100, then as per the question, boys
would be 60 (60% of 100) and girls would be 40 (40% of 100). Similarly, number of
students getting fee waiver would be 9 boys and 3 girls. This clari ies that a total of 12
people are getting a fee waiver, but it is given as 90. Thus, 1 is equal to 7.5. Now, 51 boys
and 37 girls are not getting a fee waiver. So, 50% concession gives us 25.5 boys and 18.5
girls i.e., a total of 44 students.
Hence, the required answer is 44 × 7.5 = 330.
5. The solution for this question is very clear cut i.e., 9% increase is offset by 8.26% decrease
and hence, 8.26% is the required answer.
6. Let’s assume that the income of the group is 100, then as per the given condition, their
income becomes 120 and also, the food expenditure has to be maintained at 25 i.e., around
20.833%.
Hence, percentage point drop from 25 to 20.833 is 4.16%.

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7. Since, the weekly change is given as Rs. 168000, the daily collection would go up by Rs.
= Rs. 24000.

8. Simply, income of Akash would be 1200 + (1600 × x), where x is the number of Rs. 10000
sales he obtains over the initial of Rs. 10000.
Now, 1200 + 1600 × x = 7600 gives us the value of x as 4. This clari ies that the sales value
must be Rs. 50000 which is the required answer. Got it?
9. 3 × (10n + 100m) = 100n + 10m
290m = 70n

n=

n would be an integer when m = 7, which means n = 29.

10. Let’s assume that R is equal to 100, then P would be 80 and Q would be 72, which means,
Q is less than P by 10%.
11. If we assume that his income is Rs. 100, then as per the question, he would be saving just
Rs. 6 (6% of 100). On Rs. 115, he still saves Rs. 6. Thus, his expenditure goes up from 94 to
109, which is 15% increment on 94 i.e., 15.95%.
12. Let’s assume that the initial surface area is 100 on each side. Thus, all the six surfaces of
that cube would give a total surface area of 600. Two surface areas would be impacted by
the combined effect of length and breadth, other two would be affected by the length and
height and another two would be affected by breadth and height. Thus, the respective
surface areas would be 110.25 two times, 126 two times and 126 two times). Hence, new
surface areas would be the addition of 220.5 and 504 = 724.5, which is a percentage
increase of 20.75% and is a required answer.
13. You might realise this question very dif icult after reading it and it is also possible that you
came to the answer key without even reading the question properly, just by thinking that
the question is long. Don’t worry, it is normal. You should not take anything dif icult irst of
all. Let’s see how the given problem will be solved.
At 12 noon, the watch would show the correct time (as per the given conditions, the watch
shows correct time below the range of 40 degree Celsius). Further, the watch would gain
2% every hour between 12 and 4. In an hour having 3600 seconds, it would gain 72
seconds in each of these hours. Thus, at 7 pm, it would be 72 × 4 = 288 seconds ahead and
hence, the time exhibited would be = 7:04:48.
14. Travelling with the speed of 2400 kilometres at 18 km/h, Vikas will use 133.33 litres of
petrol every month. Hence, the increase in the expenditure for Vikas would be 133.33 ×
0.07 × 28 = Rs. 262 approximately.

15. The solution is very clear cut and will be given by: × × × = 0.625
approximately.

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 Hence, he has 62.5% of his normal vision.
16. let’s assume that the initial time allotted to him is 50, 40 and 20 hours respectively. Then,
the utilised in each activity would be 20, 12 and 4 hours. This means that 36 hours out of
110 have been used by him.

Hence, the required is × 100 = 32.72%.

17. Vivaan’s total pro it of 10% clari ies that the net value of his investment would be Rs. 1.10
crore. Out of this, the 25 lakh rupees ixed deposit will become 31.5 lacs (in approx.). This
means that the value of the remaining amount is Rs. 79.5 lacs which is approximately 106%
of the original value of the three items.
Hence, 106% is the required answer.
18. The solution is very simple. Let’s assume that AC 3 costs 100 Euros, then as per the given
information, AC 2 would cost 120 Euros, AC 1 would cost 190 Euros, 3-tier ticket would
cost 47.5 Euros and the general ticket would cost 40 Euros.
Now, the cost of AC 2 is given as 780 Euros, but we have found it out to be 120.

So, the difference between 3-tier and general ticket would be × = 48.75.

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