JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES

WAVES
SYNOPSIS

Introduction Propagation
wave
There are essentially two ways of transporting
energy from the place where it is produced to Vibration of particle
the place where it is desired to be utilized.
The first involves the actual transport of matter. ii) It travels in the form of crests(C) and
For example, a bullet fired from a gun carries troughts(T)
its kinetic energy with it which can be used at C C
another location. The second method by which
energy can be transported is much more useful
and important, it involves what we call a wave
T T
process. iii) Transverse waves can be transmitted
A wave is a disturbance that propagates in through solids, they can be setup on the surface
space, transports energy and momentum from of liquids. But they cannot be trnasmitted
one point to another without the transport of into liquids and gases.
matter. Waves are every where whether we iv) Medium should posses the property of
recognize or not, we encounter waves on a rigidity
daily basis. Sound waves, visible light waves, v) Transverse waves can be polarised.
radio waves, ripples on water surface, vi) Movement of string of a sitar or violin,
earthquake waves and waves on a string are movement of the membrane of a Tabla or
just a few examples of waves. Dholak, movement of kink on a rope waves
Waves can be one, two or three dimensional setup on the surface of water.
according to the number of dimensions in which 2) Longitudinal waves : i) Particles of a medium
they propagate energy. Waves moving along vibrate in the direction of wave motion.
strings are one dimensional, ripples on liquid Propagation of wave
surface are two dimensional, while sound and
light waves are three dimensional. Vibration of Particle
Types of Waves ii) It travels in the form of compression (C)
Waves can be classified in a number of ways rarefaction (R).
based on the following characteristics
Maximum Pressure
On the basis of necessity of medium and density
i)Mechanical waves: Require medium for C R C R
their propagation e.g., Waves on string and
spring, waves on water surface, sound waves,
seismic waves.
ii) Non-mechanical waves: Do not require Minimum Pressure
and density
medium for their propagation are called e.g.,
Electromagnetic waves like, light, heat iii) These waves can be transmitted through
(Infrared), radio waves,  -rays, x-rays etc. solids, liquids and gases because for
On the basis of vibration of particle: propagation, volume elasticiy is necessary.
iv) Medium should posses the property of
On the basis of vibration of particle of medium
elasticity.
waves can be classified as transverse waves
v) Longitudinal waves can not be polarized.
and longitudinal waves.
vi) Sound waves travel through air, vibration
1) Transverse waves: i) Particles of the of air column in organ pipes vibration of air
medium vibrates in a direction perpendicular column above the surface of water in the tube
to the direction propagation of wave of resonance apparatus.

NARAYANAGROUP 1
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
On the basis of energy propagation particle to complete one vibration about its mean
i) Progressive wave: These waves advances position
in a medium with definite velocity. These waves Or it is the time taken by the wave to travel a
propagate energy in the medium. Eg: Sound distance equal to one wavelength.
wave and light waves. Time period = 1/Frequency  T  1/ n
ii) Stationary wave: These waves remains 5. Wave pulse: It is a short wave produced in a
stationary between two boundaries in medium. medium when the disturbance is created for a
Energy is not propagated by these waves but it short time.
is confined in segments (or loops) e.g., Wave in
a string, waves in organ pipes.
Simple Harmonic wave
When a wave passes through a medium, if the
particles of the medium execute simple harmonic 6. Wave train: A series of wave pulse is called
vibrations, then the wave is called a simple wave train.
harmonic wave. A graph is drawn (fig.) with the
displacement of the particles from their mean
positions, at any given instant of time, on the
y-axis and their location from origin on x-axis.
y 7. Wave function: It is a mathematical
A
 description of the disturbance created by a wave.
x
For a string, the wave function is a displacement.
For sound waves it is a pressure or density
T  fluctuation where as for light waves it is electric
or magnetic field.
Characteristics of wave: Now let us consider a one dimensional wave
1. Amplitude (A): Maximum displacement of a travelling along x-axis. During wave motion, a
vibrating particle of medium from its’ mean particle with equilibrium position x is displaced
position is called amplitude. some distance y in the direction perpendicular
2. Wavelength    : It is equal to the distance to the x-axis. In this case y is a function of
travelled by the wave during the time in which position (x) and time (t).
any one particle of the medium completes one i.e., y = f(x, t). This is called wave function.
vibration about its mean position. Let the wave pulse be travelling with a speed v.
Or After a time t, the pulse reaches a distance vt
Distance travelled by the wave in one time along the +x-axis as shown. Thus the motion of
period is known as wavelength. the particle P1 at distance ' x ' at time ‘ t ’ is
Or same as the motion of the particle P at time
It is the distance between the two successive t  0 at position x0  x  vt . Hence the wave
points with same phase. functioon now can be represented as
C  C
 y  f ( x  vt ) .
C R C R C R C

  v
T  T
Transverse wave Longitudinal wave
3. Frequency (n): Frequency of vibration of a
particle is defined as the number of vibrations
completed by particle in one second.
(Or)it is the number of complete wavelengths =
traversed by the wave in one second. In general, then we can represent the transverse
Unit of frequency is hertz (Hz) or per second. position y for all positions and times, measured
4. Time period (T): Time period of vibration of in stationary frame with the origin at O, as
particle is defined as the time taken by the y(x, t) = f(x – vt) ............. (i)

2 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
Similarly, if the pulse travels to the left, the 12. Phase: Phase gives the state of the vibrating
transverse position of elements of the string is particle at any instant of time as regards to its
described by position and direction of motion.
y(x, t) = f(x + vt) ............. (ii)  Phase is the angular displacement from its mean
The function y, sometimes called the wave position.  = (  t  kx)
function, depends on the two variables x and t.  If phase is constant then the shape of wave
For this reason, it is often written y(x, t), which remains constant.
is read “y as a function of x and t”. Equation of Progressive Wave :
Note-1: The equation y = f(vt – x) represents the 1. If during the propagation of a progressive wave,
displacement of the particle at x = 0 as time the particles of the medium perform SHM about
passes their mean position, then the wave is known as a
y y
A A harmonic progressive wave.
o
T/2 T
t o
/2 
t 2. Suppose a plane simple harmonic wave travels
-A -A from the origin along the positive direction of
Representation Representation x-axis from left to right as shown in the figure
 x y
of y  f  t   of y  f ( x  vt ) v
 v
y
Note-2: If order of a wave function to represent a o x
x
wave, the three quantities x, v, t must appear in
combinations ( x  vt ) or ( x  vt ) . The displacement y of a particle at O from its
2  B  x  vt 
2
mean position at any time t is given by
Thus y   x  vt  ,  x  vt  , Ae etc.,
y  A sin t . --- (1)
represents travelling waves while
The wave reaches the particle P after time
y   x 2  v 2t 2  ,  
x  vt , A sin  4 x 2  9t 2 
t .
x
etc. do not represent a wave. v
8. Harmonic wave: If a travelling wave is a sin So that the motion of the particle ‘ P ’ which is
at a distance ‘ x ’ at a time ‘ t ’ is same as motion
or cos function of  x  vt  the wave is said to
of the particle at x  0 , at the earliear time
be harmonic or plane progressive wave.
9. The differential form of wave equation: x
t .
All the travelling waves satisfy a differential v
equation which is called the wave equation. It Hence the displacement ‘ y ’ of the particle ‘ P ’
2 y 2
2  y   x
is given by 2
 v 2 ; where
v at ‘ x ’ at a time ‘ t ’ in equation (1) by  t   .
t x k  v
It is satisfied by any equation of the form  x  
y  A sin   t    A sin  t  kx   k  
y  f  x  vt   v  v
10. Angular wave number (or) propagation In general along x-axis, y = A Sin (  t  kx)
constant (k): Number of wavelengths in the + sign for a wave t ravelling along -ve
distance 2 is called the wave number or X direction
- sign for a wave travelling along +ve
2
propagation constant i.e., k  X direction
 where y is displacement of the particle after a
It is unit is rad/m. time t from mean position, x is displacement of
11. Wave velocity (v): It is the distance travelled the wave, A is Amplitude.
by the disturbance in one second. It only depends  is angular frequency or angular velocity
on the properties of the medium and is
  2 / T = 2 n
independent of time and position.
k is propagation constant & k = 2  / 
  
v  n     For a given time ‘t’, y  x graph gives the shape
T 2 k of pulse on string.
NARAYANAGROUP 3
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
Various forms of progressive wave y

function:
(i) y  A sin  t  kx  (or) y  A sin( kx  t ) o kx

(ii) y  A cos(t  kx) (or) y  A cos(kx  t )



 2  Change in Phase with time for a constant x,

(iii) y  A sin  t  x
   i.e., at a fixed point in the medium
 t x t x t x
(iv) y  A sin 2     t  2  1    ; t  2  2    
T  
1
T   2
T 
y
2  T
(v) y  A sin  t  x 
T  
t
2
(vi) y  A sin  vt  x 

t
 x
(vii) y  A sin   t   (For the wave travelling in positive x-direction)
 v
2 2
 t x    t   t    t2  t1    t
(viii) y  A sin 2    2 1 T T
T   2 t
General Expression for a Sinusoidal Wave   
T
Y  A sin  kx  t    (or) 2
Phase difference   Time difference
Y  A sin(t  kx   ) T
Variation of Phase with Distance
where  is the phase constant, just as we learned
At a given instant of time t = t, phase at x = x1,
in our study of periodic motion. This constant
can be determined from the initial conditions. t x 
 x 2   1   
Positive and Negative Initial Phase 1
T  
Constants. (For the wave travelling in positive x-direction
In general, the equation of a harmonic wave and phase at x = x2,
travelling along the positive x-axis is expressed t x 
as y  A sin  kx  t    . Where  is called  x  2   2   
2
T  
the initial phase constant. It determines the initial y
displacement of the particle at x = 0 when t = 0.
i)Posit ive init ial phase constant
y  Asin(kx  t   ) .The sine curve starts from t
the left of the origin.
y

t

2 2
o
kx      x   x   x2  x1   x
 2 1
 
2
  x
ii) Negative initial phase constant 
y  Asin(kx  t   ) . The sine curve starts from 2
the right of the origin. i.e., Phase difference   Path difference


4 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
Particle Velocity: The rate of change of Intensity is defined as power per unit area.
displacement y w.r.t time t is known as particle E P 1
velocity. I    v 2 A2  2 2 f 2 A 2  v
S t S 2
Hence from y  A sin  t  kx  If frequency f is constant then I  A2
y Reflection and Refraction of Waves :
Particle velocity, v p   A cos  t  kx 
t When waves are incident on a boundary between
two media a part of incident waves returns back
Maximum particle velocity  v p max  A into the initial medium (reflection) while the
y  y remaining is partly absorbed and part ly
Also   transmitted into the second medium (refraction)
t k x Boundary conditions: Reflection of a wave
 Particle velocity at a given position and time is pulse from some boundary depends on the nature
equal to negative of the product of wave velocity of the boundary.
with slope of wave at that point i.e. Rigid end: When the incident wave reaches a
 y  fixed end, it exerts an upward pull on the end,
v
particle
 vWave   according to Newton’s third law the fixed end
 x 
exerts an equal and opposite downward force
Particle velocity = –(wave velocity) × slope of
on the string. It result as inverted pulse or phase
wave curve
change of  .
v Crest (C) reflects as trough (T) and vice-versa.
v T 
Time changes by and Path changes by
2 2
F
C C

T
ENERGY, POWER AND INTENSITY F
OF A WAVE: Free end: When a wave or pulse is reflected
If a wave given by y  A sin(t  kx) is propa- from a free end, then there is no change of phase
(as there is no reaction force).
gating through a medium, the particle velocity
Crest (C) reflects as crest (C) and trough (T)
y reflects as trough (T), Time changes by zero and
will be v p   A cos(t  kx)
t Path changes by zero.
If  is the density of the medium, kinetic en- C C C

ergy of the wave per unit volume will be

2


1  y 

1
  2 A2 cos 2 (t  kx )
Note: Exception: Longitudinal pressure waves
2  t  2 suffer no change in phase from rigid end. i.e.,
and its maximum value will be equal to energy compression pulse reflects as compression
per unit volume i.e., energy density U. pulse. On the other hand if longitudinal pressure
1 wave reflects from free end, it suffer a phase
U   A2 2 change of  , i.e., compression reflects as
2 rarefaction and vice-versa.
The energy associated with a volume V  S x Wave in a combination of string
will be (where ‘S’ is the area of cross section). (i) Wave goes from thin to thick string
1 2 2 Incident Rigid boundary-x
E  U V   A  S x wave
+x
2
The power (rate of transmission of energy) will Rarer Denser
E 1
be P   v 2 A2 S
t 2
Transmitted wave
Reflected
 x  wave
as t  v, (Speed of wave) 

NARAYANAGROUP 5
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

Incident wave yi  ai sin  t  k1 x  Speed of transverse wave in a string

i) Let a transverse pulse is travelling on a
Reflected wave stretched string as shown in fig(a).
yr  ar sin t  k1   x     v
a)
 ar sin  t  k1 x 
Transmitted wave, yt  at sin  t  k2 x  T cos T cos
dl
(ii) Wave goes from thick to thin string b) T
  
T
Incident Free boundary
-x +x T sin T sin
wave C
Denser Rarer ii) Now consider a small element of length dl
on this pulse as shown fig (b). Let this element
Transmitted wave
is forming an arc of radius R and subtending an
Reflected
wave angle 2 at center of curvature C.
Incident wave yi  at sin  t  k1 x  iii)We can see that two tensions T are acting on
the edges of dl along tangential directions as
Reflected wave yr  ar sin  t  k1   x   0  shown.
iv)The horizontal components of these tensions
 ar sin  t  k1 x  cancel each other, but the vertical components
add to form a radial restoring force in downward
Transmitted wave yt  at sin  t  k2 x  direction, which is given as
Note: Ratio of amplitudes: It is given as follows FR  2T sin   2T 
ar k1  k2 v2  v1 at 2k1 2v2 ( as sin    )
  and  
ai k1  k2 v2  v1 ai k1  k 2 v1  v2 dl  dl 
The Speed of A Travelling Wave
T
R
.....(1)  2  R 
i) Let a wave moves along the +ve x-axis with v) If ‘  ’ be the mass per unit length (Linear
velocity ‘v’ as shown in fig. density) of the string, the mass of this element is
given as dm  dl . In the reference frame moving
v with wave speed, wave will appear as stationary
but dl appears to be moving toward left with speed
v then we can say that the acceleration of this
element in that reference frame is
ii) Let a crest shown by a dot () moves a v2
a .....(2)
distance x in time t . The speed of the wave R
Now from equations (1) and (2) we have
is v  x t . 2
dmv 2 dl   dl  v
iii) We can put the dot () on a point with any FR  or T 
other phase. It will move with the same speed R R R
v (otherwise the wave pattern will not remain T
fixed). or v  .....(3)

iv) The motion of a fixed phase point on the Spacial cases:
wave is given by, y  sin( kx  ωt ) . 1. If A is the area of cross-section of the wire then
v) For the same particle displacement ‘y’ at linear density   M / L  AL / L  A
two different positions, kx  ωt  constant ---
--(1) T S T
 k x  ωt  0 v  ; where S  Stress 
x ω x ω A  A
 t  k  v  t  k 2. If string is stretched by some weight then
2 n Mg
 v  2 /   n T = Mg  v 

(  2 n and k  2 /  )
6 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
v
Velocity at the bottom vB  0
( tension TB  0 )
T T mg
Velocity at the top vT    
 gl

3. If suspended weight is immersed in a liquid of ( tension TB  mg  lg )

density  and  = density of material of the The average velocity of wave
suspended load then
v vT  vB gl
vavg  
2 2
 The time taken by the transverse pulse
generated at bottom to reach the top is given by
l l
t 2
  Mg 1   /   vavg g
T  Mg  1    v 
   Note: Velocity at a distance x from bottom v  gx
4. If v1 , v2 are the velocities of transverse waves The time taken to reach the point P from bottom
while the load is in air medium and in water
medium respectively, the relative density of ma- x x
2 is vx  v  2 g
v1 avg
terial of load is d  2 2 W.E-1: A longitudinal progressive wave is given
v1  v2
5. If v1 , v2 and v3 are the velocities of transverse by the equation y = 5 × 10–2 sin  (400 t + x)m.
waves while the load is in air, in water and in a Find (i) amplitude (ii) frequency (iii) wave
liquid mediums respectively, the relative den- length and (iv) velocity of the wave. (v) velocity
v12  v32 1
d  and acceleration of particle at x  m at
sity of material of load is . 6
v12  v22
t = 0.01 s (vi) maximum particle velocity and
6. If the temperature a string varies through 
acceleration.
then the thermal force(tension) developed due
Sol. Comparing with the general equation of the
to elasticity of string is T  YA
v
progressive wave y = Asin( t + kx) we find,
 = 400  and k = 
We find
(i) A = 5 × 10–2 m.
v 
YA

Y  400
  (ii) n    200 Hz
2 2
where Y = Young’s modulus of elasticity of string,
A = Area of cross section of string, 2 2
(iii)    2m
  Temperature coefficient of thermal expansion, k 
  400
 = Density of wire  (iv) v    400ms 1
A k 
7. Velocity of wave in vertical strings. If a thick
string is suspended vertically then (v) v p  A cos t  t  kx   10 3ms 1
Top
a p   A2 sin  t  kx   4 104 ms 2
l (vi) vmax  A  20 ms 1
x amax  A2  8  104 ms 2

Bottom

NARAYANAGROUP 7
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

W.E-2:The wave function of a pulse is given by W.E-4: A copper wire is held at the two ends by
rigid supports. At 30oC, the wire is just taut,
3
y= 2
where x and y are in metre and with negligible tension. Find the speed of
 2x + 3t  transverse waves in this wire at 10°C if Y =
t is in second. 1.3×1011N/m2,   1.7  10 5 / C and
(i) Identify the direction of propagation.
  9  103 kg / m3
(ii) Determine the wave velocity of the pulse.
Sol. (i) Since the given wave function is of the form Y 
y = f(x + vt), therefore, the pulse travels along Sol. v  
the negative x-axis.
(ii) Since 2x + 3t = constant for the same particle 1.3  1011  1.7  105   30  10 
displacement ‘y’. Therefore, by differentiating   70m / s
9  103
with respect to time, we get
W.E-5: A 4 kg block is suspended from the ceiling
dx dx 3
2 3 0  v    1.5m / s of an elevator through a string having a linear
dt dt 2 mass density of 19.2 × 10–3 kg m–1. Find the
W.E-3:Figure shows a snapshot of a sinusoidal speed with which a wave pulse can travel on
travelling wave taken at t = 0.3s. The the string if the elevator accelerates up at
wavelength is 7.5 cm and the amplitude is 2 2 ms–2? (g = 10 ms–2)
cm. If the crest P was at x = 0 at t = 0, write
the equation of travelling wave. T M g  a
Sol. v  
y
 

P
4 10  2 
t = 0.3s
 –1
3 =50ms .
2cm 19.2  10
x
W.E-6: A uniform rope of length 12 m and mass
1.2cm
6 kg hangs vertically from a rigid support. A
block of mass 2 kg is attached to the free end
of the rope. A transverse pulse of wavelength
Sol. The wave has travelled a distance of 1.2 cm in
0.06 m is produced at the lower end of the
0.3s. Hence, speed of the wave,
rope. What is the wavelength of the pulse
v  1.2 / 0.3  4cm / s and   7.5cm when it reaches the top of the rope ?
2 2
k   0.84cm 1 Sol. Now as v  T /  
 7.5
 Angular frequency   vk  4  0.84
 3.36rad / s v
Since the wave is travelling along positive x-
direction and crest (maximum displacement) is
at x = 0 at t = 0, we can write the wave equation
 
as, y  A sin  kx  t  
 2
(or) y  x, t   A cos  kx  t  vT T 6  2 g
 T  2
Therefore, the desired equation is, vB TB 2g
y  x, t    2  cos  0.84  x   3.36  t  cm So, T  2 B  2  0.06  0.12m

8 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
W.E-7: A uniform rope of mass 0.1 kg and length W.E-9:Two blocks each having a mass of 3.2kg
2.45m hangs from a ceiling. (a) Find the speed are connected by wire CD and the system is
of transverse wave in the rope at a point 0.5m suspended from the ceiling by another wire
distant from the lower end, b) Calculate the AB. The linear mass density of the wire AB
time taken by a transverse wave to travel the is 10 g/m and that of CD is 80 g/m. Find the
full length of the rope (g = 9.8 m/s2) speed of a transverse wave pulse produced in
Sol. a) If M is the mass of string of length L, the mass AB and CD and ratio of speeds of transverse
of length x of the string will be (M/L)x. pulse in AB to that in CD.
Sol. Tension in string AB is TAB  6.4kg  64 N
Thus speed of transverse wave in string AB is
TAB 64
v v AB  
 AB 10 103  6400  80m / s
Tension in string CD is T  3.2kg  32 N
Thus speed of transverse waves in string CD is
TCD 32
vCD  
Mx DC 80 103
T  g
L v AB 80
 400  20m / s    4 :1
T Mgx vCD 20
So, v    gx ......... 1
 M  WE-10 A progressive wave travels in a medium
L 
 L M 1 and enters into another medium M 2 in
Hence x = 0.5m which its speed decreases to 75% . What is
So, v  0.5  9.8  2.21m / s the ratio of the amplitude and intensity of
the
dx dx  dt  dx a. Reflected and the incident waves, and
b) v   gx 
gx b. Transmitted and the incident waves?
dt dt
t L
Sol. let Ai , Ar and At be the amplitudes of the inci-
1 1 2
  dt  
0 0 g
x dx  t  2  L g dents, reflected, and transmitted waves.
Given that, velocity in the medium refracted is
75% of that in the initial medium.
Here, L = 2.45 m ,  t  2  2.45 / 9.8  1s 3
v2  v1
W.E-8:The strings, shown in figure, are made 4
ofsame material and have same cross-section. v2
 1 3 1
The pulleys are light. The wave speed of a Ar v2  v1 v1 1
   4 
transverse wave in the string AB is v1 and in Ai v2  v1 v2  1 3  1 7
CD it is v2 . Find v1 / v2 . a. v1 4
Sol: If T1 and T2 are the tensions in strings AB and r A
CD respectively then T2 = 2T1. i.e., the required ration is A  1: 7 and
i

A Ir 1
I  A2  
I i 49
3
T1 T1 2 
At 2v2 2v / v 4 6
  2 1  
v 3
b. Ai v2  v1 2
1 1 7
T2 v1 4
D At
i.e., t he required ratio is  6 : 7 and
Ai
v1 T1 v1 1
As v  T  v  T  v  I  A2 
It 36

2 2 2 2 I i 49

NARAYANAGROUP 9
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
W.E-11: A long wire PQR is made by joining two L
1
L
wires PQ and QR of equal radii as shown.   M o  ax  2 dx   T dt
PQ has length 4.8m and mass 0.06kg. QR has 0 0
length 2.56 m and mass 0.2kg. The wire PQR L
is under a tensioon of 80N. A sinusoidal wave  2  M  ax  3 2  t
o
pulse of amplitude 3.5cm is sent along the    T t 0
wire PQ from the end P. No power is dissipated 3  
 0
during the propagation of the wave pulse.
2  3 3
a. Find the time taken by the wave pulse to reach t  M o  L  2  M o 2 
the other end R of the wire . 3 T  
b. The amplitudes of reflected and transmitted W.E-13: A stretched string is forced to transmit
wave pulse after incident on the joint Q. transverse waves by means of an oscillator
Q coupled to one end. The string has a diameter
P R of 4 mm. The amplitude of the oscillation is
48m
2.56m 104 m and the frequency is 10 Hz. Tension in
P R the string is 100N and mass density of wire
l1 l2
Sol. a.
  4.2  103 kgm 3 . Find
M 0.06 1 (a) the equation of the waves along the string
1  1   kg / m (b) the energy per unit volume of the wave
l1 4.8 80 (c) the average energy flow per unit time across
M 0.2 20 any section of the string
2  2   kg / m Sol.(a) Speed of transverse wave on the string is
l2 2.56 256
T
T 80 v     A 
v1    80m / s A
1 1
80 100
v
 
v2 
T

80  
 256  4  32m / s     (4.2 103 )   (4.0 103 )2
2 20 / 256  A  4
l l  43.53ms 1
t  t1  t2  1  2  4.8  2.56   2 n  20 rad / s  62.83 rad/s
V1 V2 80 32

= 0.06 + 0.08 = 0.14sec k   1.44m 1
v
v v  32  80  Equation of the waves along the string
b. Ar   2 1  Ai   3.5  1.5cm
 v2  v1  32  80 y ( x, t )  A sin( kx   t )
thus Ar  1.5cm and -ve sign represents that the  (104 m ) sin  (1.44m 1 ) x  (62.83rads 1 )t 
reflected pulse suffers a phase difference of  (b) Energy per unit volume of the string,
radian. 1 2 2
u  energy density   A
 2v2  2  32 2
At    Ai   3.5  2cm . 1
 v1  v2  80  32 u    (4.2  103 )(62.83) 2 (10 4 ) 2
 2
W.E-12: A wave pulse starts propagating in +ve
X-direction along a non-uniform wire of  8.29  102 Jm 3
length ‘L’, with mass per unit length given by (c) Average energy flow per unit time P = power
  M o  x and under a tension of TN. Find 1 
   2 A2  ( Sv)  (u )(Sv )
the time taken by the pulse to travel from the 2 
lighter end (x = 0) to the heavier end.  
P  (8.29  102 )   (4.0  103 ) 2 (43.53)
dx T T 4
Sol. v  dt    M  x 5
 4.53  10 Js 1
o

10 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
Principle of Superposition:
y1  a1 sin t , y2  a2 sin  t    then by the
1. The displacement at any time due to a number   
of waves meeting simultaneously at a point in a principle of superposition y  y1  y2
medium is the vector sum of the individual
displacements due to each one of the waves at
that point at the same time.  y  a1 sin t  a2 sin  t     A sin  t   
  
2. If y1 , y2 , y3........... are the displacements at a where A  a12  a22  2a1a2 cos  and
particular time at a particular position, due to a2 sin 
individual waves, then the resultant tan  
displacement. a1  a2 cos 
    2
y  y1  y2  y3  ......... Since Intensity (I)   Amplitude A 
2
I a 
 1  1 
I 2  a2 
Therefore, the resultant intensity is given by
I  I1  I 2  2 I1I 2 cos 
3. Important applications of superposit ion
principle.
i) Interference of waves: Adding waves that Table: Constructive
differ in phase. and destructive interference
ii) Formation of stationary waves: Adding
waves that differ in direction. When the waves meet When the waves meet a
a point with same phase, point with opposite phase,
iii) Formation of beats: Adding waves that constructive interference destructive interference
differ in frequency. is obtained at that point is obtained at that point
Interference of Sound waves (i.e., maximum sound) (i.e., minimum sound)
1. When two waves of same frequency, same
wavelength, same velocity (nearly equal Phase difference between Phase difference
amplitude) moves in the same direction. Their the waves at the point of  = 180° (or) (2n1);
superimposition results in the interference. observation =0°(or) 2n n = 1,2,......
2. Due to interference the resultant intensity of Phase difference between Phase difference
sound at a point is different from the sum of the waves at the point of 
intensities due to each wave separately.   2n  1
observation = n 2
3. Interference is of two type (i) Constructive i.e., even multiple of /2) (i.e., odd multiple of /2)
interference (ii) Destructive interference
4. In interference energy is neither created nor Resultant amplitude at Resultant amplitude at
the point of observation the point of observation
destroyed but is redistributed.
will be maximum will be minimum
5. For observable interference, the sources Amax = a1 + a2 Amax = a1a2
(producing interfering waves) must be coherent. If a1 = a2 = a0 If a1 = a2 Amax = 0
6. Let at a given point two waves arrives with phase Amax = 2a0
difference  and the equation of these waves is
Resultant intensity at the Resultant intensity at the
given by
point of observation will point of observation will
be maximum be minimum
Imax  I1  I 2  2 I1 I 2 I min  I1  I 2  2 I1 I 2
A
a2 2 2
  I1  I 2    I1  I 2 
 If I1 = I2 = I0 Imin = 0 If I1 = I2 = I0 Imin = 4I0


a1

NARAYANAGROUP 11
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

 a1 
2
x
2 2
 a1  a2   a2
1 From figure, we get cos  
I max  I1  I 2  2
7.      
I min  I1  I 2   a1  a2   a1  1   x  2 cos  ------(1)
a 
 2  For maximum intensity path difference
W.E-14: Two loud speakers L1 and L2 , driven by x  N --------(2)
a common oscillator and amplifier, are From equations (1) and (2) we get
arranged as shown. The frequency of the 2 cos   N   2cos   N
oscillator is gradually increased from zero at least p is Ist maxima  N  1
and the detector at D records a series of 1
maxima and minima.  cos      60
40m D 2
L1
x
9m tan    x  D tan 60  x  3D
D
L2 Standing Waves or Stationary Waves:
If the speed of sound is 330 m/s then the fre- When two sets of progressive wave trains of
quency at which the first maximum is ob- same type (both longitudinal or both transverse)
served is having the same amplitude and same time period/
40m D
L1 frequency/wavelength travelling with same
9m speed along the same straight line in opposite
Sol. directions superimpose, a new set of waves are
L2 41m
It is clear from figure that the path difference formed. These are called stationary waves or
standing waves.
between L1D and L2 D is x  41  40  1m These waves are formed only in a bounded
medium.
For maximum x  N  where N = 1, 2, 3.... In practice, a stationary wave is formed when a
v wave train is reflected at a boundary. The
for Ist maximum N = 1,   incident and reflected waves then interface to
n
v 330 produce a stationary wave.
x  1  1  1  n  330 Hz 1. Suppose that two super imposing waves are
n n
W.E-15: Two coherent narrow slits emitting of incident wave y1  a sin  t  kx  and reflected
wavelength  in the same phase are placed wave y2  a sin  t  kx 
parallel to each other at a small separation (As y2 is the displacement due to reflected wave
of 2 . The sound is detected by moving a from a free boundary)
detector on the screen S at a distance Then by principle of superposition
D     from the slit S1 as shown in figure. y = y1 + y2 = a sin  t  kx   sin  t  kx  
P
CD CD
x ( sin C + sin D  2sin cos )
2 2 2
O
S1 S2  y  2a cos kx sin t
D
S (If reflection takes place from rigid end, then
equation of st ationary wave will be
y  2a sin kx cos t )
Find the distance x such that the intensity at
P is equal to the intensity at O. 2. As this equation satisfies the wave equation.
Sol. 2 y 2
2  y
 v . It represents a wave
t 2 x 2
3. As it is not of the form f  ax  bt  , the wave is
not progressive.
4. Amplitude of the wave ASW = 2a cos kx.
5. Nodes (N): The points where amplitude is
minimum are called nodes.
i)Distance between two successive nodes is  / 2

12 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
ii) Nodes are at permanent rest. 2. Overtone: The harmonics other than the first
iii) At nodes air pressure and density both are (fundamental note) which are actually produced
high. by the instrument are called overtones. e.g. the
tone with frequency immediately higher than the
fundamental is defined as first overtone.
3. Octave: The tone whose frequency is doubled
the fundamental frequency is defined as Octave.
6. Antinodes (A): The points of maximum i) If n2 = 2n1 it means n2 is an octave higher than
amplitudes are called antinodes. n1 or n1 is an octave lower than n2.
(i) The distance between two successive ii) If n2 = 23 n1, it means n2 is 3-octave higher or
antinodes is  / 2 n1 is 3-octave lower.
(ii) At antinodes air pressure and density both iii) Similarly, if n2 = 2nn1 it means n2 is n-octave
are low. higher or n1 is n octave lower.
(iii) The distance between a node (N) and 4. Unison: If time period is same i.e., two
adjoining antinode (A) is  / 4 frequencies are equal then vibrating bodies are
7. Amplitude of standing waves in two said to be in unison.
different cases: Standing Waves on a String
1. Consider a string of length l, stretched under
Table: : Amplitude in two tension T between two fixed points.
different cases 2. If the string is plucked and then released, a
transverse harmonic wave propagates along it’s
Reflection at open end Reflection at closed end length and is reflected at the end.
or free boundary or rigid boundary
3. The incident and reflected waves will
ASW = 2a cos kx ASW = 2a sin kx superimpose to produce transverse stationary
waves in a string.
Amplitude is maximum Amplitude is maximum 4. Nodes (N) are formed at rigid end and antinodes
when cos kx =  1 when sin kx =  1 (A) are formed in between them.
 kx  0, 2,........n  3 2n  1 5. Number of antinodes = Number of nodes –1
 kx  , ....
 n 2 2 2 6. Velocity of wave (incident or reflected wave)
 x  0, , .......
2 2  3
 x , ............... T
2 4 4 is given by v  .
Where k 
2 
 Where k 
and n = 0, 1, 2, 3.....  7. Frequency of vibration (n) = Frequency of wave
and n = 1, 2, 3,....... v 1 T
 
Amplitude is minimum Amplitude is minimum   
when cos kx = 0 when sin kx = 0 8. For obtaining p loops (p-segments) in string, it
 3 2n  1  3 2n  1 l
 kx  , ....  kx  , ....
2 2 2 2 2 2 has to be plucked at a distance from one
2p
 3  n fixed end.
 x , .........  x  0, , .......
4 4 2 2 9. Fundamental mode of vibration

Terms related to the Application of Stationary

wave l
1. Harmonics: The frequency which are the
integral multiple of the fundamental frequency i) Number of loops p = 1
are known as harmonics e.g. if n be the
fundamental frequency, then the frequencies n, l
ii) Plucking at (from one fixed end)
2n, 3n ...... are termed as first, second, third .... 2
harmonics.
NARAYANAGROUP 13
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

1 vi) Positions of nodes:

iii) l   1  2l
l 2l 3l
2 xN  0, , , .........l
iv) Fundamental frequency or first harmonic P P P
1 T 1 T vii) Positions of antinodes:
n1  
1  2l  x AN 
l 3l 5l
, , .....
 2P  1 l
10. Second mode of vibration: 2 P 2P 2 P 2P
Sonometer
1. It is an apparatus, used to produce resonance
(matching frequency) of tuning fork (or any
l
l
source of sound) with stretched vibrating string.
i) Number of loops p = 2 2. It consists of a hollow rectangular box of light
wood. The experimental set up fitted on the box
l l is shown below.
ii) Plucking at  (from one fixed end)
2 2 4 Experimental Rider Bridge
wire
iii) l   2
Tension
iv) Second harmonic or first over tone. T = mg
Resonance Box
1 T 1 T
n2    2n1
2  l 
11. Third mode of vibration: 3. The box serves the purpose of increasing the
i) Number of loops p = 3 loudness of the sound produced by the vibrating
wire.
l 1 4. If the length of the wire between the two bridges
ii) Plucking at  (from one fixed one)
23 6 is l, then the frequency of vibrat ion is
3 3 2l
iii) l   3  1 T T
2 3 n 
2l  r 2 
iv) Third harmonic or second over tone.
(r = Radius of the wire,  = Density of material
1 T 3 T of wire)  = mass per unit length of the wire
n3    3n1
3  2l  5. Resonance: When a vibrating tuning fork is
12. More about string vibration placed on the box, and if the length between the
i) In general, if the string is plucked at length bridges is property adjusted then if
(n)Fork = (n)string  rider is thrown off the wire.
l
, then it vibrates in p segments (loops) and Laws of string
2p i) Law of length: If T and  are constant then
p T 1
we have the pth harmonic n n p  n  nl  constant  n1l1  n2l2
2l  l
ii) All even and odd harmonics are present. Ratio n l
of harmonic = 1 : 2 : 3...... If % change is less than 5% then 
n l
iii) Ratio of over tones = 2 : 3 : 4 ......
n l
2l or 100%    100%
iv) General formula for wavelength   ; n l
P ii) Law of mass: If T and l are constant then
where P = 1, 2, 3,..... correspond to 1st, 2nd, 3rd
modes of vibratio of the string. 1 n 2
n  1 
v  n2 1
v) General formula for frequency n  P 
2l n 1 
If % change is less than 5% then 
n 2 

14 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
n
100%  

100%
W.E-16: The vibrations of a string of length 60
or n  cm fixed at both ends are represented by the
iii) Law of density: If T, l and r are constant
 x 
1 n1 2 equation. y  4 sin   cos  96t  Where x
then n    n   const  n    15 
2 1 and y are in cm and t in sec.
If % change is less than 5% then a)What is the maximum displacement at
n 1  n  x = 5 cm ?
 or 100%    100%
n 2  n  b)What are the nodes located along the string ?
iv) Law of tension: If l and  are constant c) What is the velocity of the particle at
then n  T x = 7.5 cm and t = 0.25 s ?
d) Write down the equations of component waves
n n T M1 whose superposition gives the above wave.
  const  1  1 
T n2 T2 M2
If % change is less than 5% then Sol. a) For x = 5cm, y  4sin  5 /15  cos  96t 
n 1 T n T (or) y  2 3 cos  96t 
 or  100%   100%
n 2 T n T So y will be maximum when cos (96  t) = 1 i.e.,
Tuning fork
i) It is a U shaped metal bar made of steel or an (ymax)x = 5  2 3cm
alloy with a handle attached at the bend. b)At nodes amplitude of wave is zero.
ii) When it is struck against a hard rubber pad,  x  x
its prongs begin to vibrate as shown in figure(a). 4sin    0  or   0, , 2,3......
A A A  15  15
N N So x = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 cm [as length of
string = 60cm]
c) As y  4sin  x /15  cos  96t 
dy  x 
iii)A tuning fork emits a single frequency note,  4 sin   sin  96t    96 
i.e., a fundamental with no overtones. dx  15 
iv) A tuning fork may be considered as a So the velocity of the particle at x = 7.5cm and
vibrating free bar as shown figure(b) that has t = 0.25s,
been bent into U-shape.
v) Two antinodes are formed one at each free vpa = -384 sin(7.5/15) sin (96 × 0.25)
end of the bar which are in phase. vpa = -384  1 0=0
vi) The frequency of a tuning fork of arm length
‘l’ and thickness ‘d’ in the direction of vibration  x 
is given by d) y = y1 + y2 with y1  2 sin 96t  
 15 
d d Y  Y
n v , v     x 
l2 l2    y2  2 sin 96t  
 15 
where Y is the Young’s modulus and  is the
density of the material of the tuning fork. W.E-17: A guitar string is 90 cm long and has a
vii) Using the tuning fork we can produce fundamental frequency of 124 Hz. Where
transverse waves in solids and longitudinal should it be pressed to produce a fundamental
waves in solids, liquids and gases. frequency of 186 Hz?
viii) Transverse vibrations are present in the
prongs. Longitudinal vibrations are present in Sol. Since T is constant we have n  1
the shank. l
ix) Loading or waxing a tuning fork increases its n 124
inertia and so decreases its frequency, while l2  1 l1   90  60cm
filing a tuning fork decreases its inertia and so n2 186
increases its frequency. Thus, the string should be pressed at 60cm from
x) When tuning fork is heated its frequency an end.
decreases due to decrease in elasticity.
NARAYANAGROUP 15
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
W.E-18: A wire having a linear mass density W.E-21 A sonometer wire has a length of 114 cm
5.0×10–3 kg/m is streched between two rigid between two fixed ends. Where should two
supports with a tension of 450 N. The wire bridges be placed to divide the wire into three
resonates at a frequency of 420 Hz. The next segments whose fundamental frequencies are
higher frequency at which the same wire in the ratio 1 : 3 : 4 ?
resonates is 490 Hz. Find the length of the
wire. Sol. In case of a given wire under constant tension,
Sol. Suppose the wire vibrates at 420 Hz in its nth fundamental frequency of vibration n  1/ l 
harmonic and at 490 Hz in its (p + 1)th harmonic.
490 p  1 1 1 1
  or  p  6  l1 : l2 : l3  : :  12 : 4 : 3
420 p 1 3 4
 l1  72cm; l2  24cm; l3  18cm
6 450 900
420  l   2.1m  First bridge is to be placed at 72 cm from
2l 5.0 103 420 one end.
W.E-19: The equation of a standing wave Second bridge is to be placed at 72 + 24 = 96
produced on a string fixed at both ends is
where ‘y’ is measured in cm. What could be cm from one end
the smallest length of string? W.E-22: An aluminium wire of cross-sectional
Sol. Comparing with y  2 A sin kx cos wt area 10–6 m2 is joined to a copper wire of the
same cross-section. This compound wire is
 stretched on a sonometer, pulled by a load of
We have k     20cm
10 10 kg. The total length of the compound wire
If the string vibrates in ‘p’ loops then length of between two bridges is 1.5 m of which the
p p aluminium wire is 0.6 m and the rest is the
string ‘l’ is .  l
2 2 copper wire. Transverse vibrations are set
 up in the wire in the lowest frequency of
' ' is minimum if p = 1  l   10 cm excitation for which standing waves are
2 formed such that the joint in the wire is a
W.E-20: The equation for the vibration of a string node. What is the total number of nodes
fixed at both ends, vibrating in its third observed at this frequency excluding the two
x at the ends of the wire ? The density of
harmonic is given by y  0.4 sin cos 600t
10 aluminium is 2.6  104 kg/m3.
where x and y are in cm Sol. As the total length of the wire is 1.5 m and
1) What is the frequency of vibration? out of which LA = 0.6 m, so the length of
2) What are the position of nodes? copper wire
3) What is the length of string? Lc = 1.5 - 0.6 = 0.9 m. The tension in the whole
4) What is the wavelength and speed of
wire is same (=Mg = 10g N) and as fundamental
transverse waves that can interfer to give this
vibration? frequency of vibration of string is given by
Sol. Comparing with 1 T 1 T
n 
2 L  2 L A 
y  2 A sin kx cos t we have [   A ]
1)   600 gives n = 300 Hz
x 1 T 1 T
2) To get the position of nodes sin 0 so nA  and nc  ------- (1)
10 2 LA  A A 2 Lc c A
x Now as in case of composite wire, the whole
i.e.,  N  where N = 0, 1, 2....
10 wire will vibrate with fundamental frequency
Hence nodes occur at x = 0, 10, 20 cm... n  p A nA  pC nC -------- (2)
3) Since the string is in 3rd harmonic
Substituting the values of f A and f c from
  2 2 
l  3 gives l = 30cm;      20 cm  Eqn.(1)in(2)
2  k  /10 
pA T
4)Speed of wave v = n = 300 × 20=60ms–1. 2  0.6 A  2.6 103

16 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES

pc T WE-24: A wire of density 9×103 kg/m3 is stretched

 between two clamps 1 m apart and is subjected
2  0.9 A 1.0401104 to an extension of 4.9 × 10–4 m. What will be
p A 2 2.6 2 1 1 the lowest frequency of transverse vibrations
i.e.,     in the wire ? (Y = 9 × 1010 N/m2)
pc 3 10.4 3 2 3 Sol. In case of fundamental vibrations of a string
So that for fundamental frequency of composite
string, pA = 1 and pc = 3, i.e., aluminium string 1 Y L
n
will vibrate in first harmonic and copper wire 2L  L
at second, overtone as shown in figure.
l 1 9  1010  4.9  104
  35Hz
2 1 9  103  1
W.E-25: A string 120 cm in length sustains a
standing wave, with the points of string at
which the displacement amplitude is equal
 n  nA  3nC to 2 mm being separated by 15.0 cm, Find
This in turn implies that total number of nodes the maximum displacement amplitude.
in the string will be 5 and so number of nodes Sol. From figure. points A, B, C, D and E are having
excluding the nodes at the ends = 5 - 2 = 3 equal displacement amplitude.
W.E-23: A wire of uniform cross-section is Further, xE  xA    4 15  60cm
stretched between two points 1 m apart. The A B E
wire is fixed at one end and a weight of 9 kg
is hung over a pulley at the other end produces
fundamental frequency of 750 Hz. C D
(a) What is the velocity of transverse waves
propagating in the wire ?
(b) If now the suspended weight is submerged 2l 2  120
As     60
in a liquid of density (5/9) that of the weight, n n
what will be the velocity and frequency of the 2  120
waves propagating along the wire ?  n 4
60
Sol. a) In case of fundamental vibrations of string
So, it corresponds to 4th harmonic.
  / 2   L , i.e.,   2 1  2m Also, distance of node from A is 7.5 cm and
no node is between them. Taking node at origin,
L
the amplitude of stationary wave can be written
as, Asw  Amax sin kx
2 2
M Asw  2mm; k   and x = 7.5 cm
 60
Now as v  n and n = 750 Hz,
 2  
vT  2  750=1500m/s  2  Amax sin   7.5   Amax sin
 60  4
b) Now as in case of a wire under tension
Hence, Amax  2mm
T v T
v  v T  B  B Sound Waves :
 vT TT Sound is a form of energy propagated in the form
of longitudinal waves. This energy causes the
B T mg 1  l / b  sensation of hearing on reaching the ear. Any
 vB  1500 T  1500 mg
 1000m / s
A vibrating body could be a source of sound.
vB 1000 Longit udinal mechanical waves can be
From v  n  nB    500 Hz transmitted in all the three states of matter namely,
lB 2 solids, liquids and gases. According to their

NARAYANAGROUP 17
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
range of frequencies longitudinal mechanical waves where   density of medium, v  velocity of
are divided into the three categories. wave, A - Amplitude, n - Frequency
1) Longitudinal waves having frequencies below  Human ear responds to sound intensities over a
20Hz are called infrasonic waves. These are wide range from 10-12 W/m2 to 1 W/m2.
created by earthquakes, elephants and whales.  In a spherical wave front ( i.e. wave starting
Infrasonic waves can be heard by snakes. from a point source) , the amplitude varies
2) Longitudinal waves having range, of inversely with distance from position of source
frequencies lying between 20Hz and 20kHz are 1 1
called audible sound waves. The audible i .e, A  I  2
wavelength is 16.5 mm to 16.5m at S.T.P when r r
I
velocity of sound is 330 m/s. These are
r
generated by tuning forks, streched stings and S
vocal cords.
2
The human ear can detect these waves. r

3) Longitudinal waves having frequencies  In a cylindrical wave front (i.e. wave starting
greater than 20 kHz are called ultrasonics. The from a linear source ), the amplitude varies
human ear can’t detect these waves. These inversely as the square root of distance from
waves can be produced by high frequency 1 1
vibrations of a quartz crystal under an alternating the axis of source i.e. , A  I
r r
electric field. These waves can be detected by
mosquito, fish and dog etc.
Application of ultrasonic waves :
i) The fine internal cracks in a metal can be r
detected by ultrasonic waves.
ii) They are used for determining the depth of
the sea and used to detect submarine.
iii) They can be used to clean clothes and fine
machinery parts Sound level in decibles is given by
iv) They can be used to kill animals like rats,
 I 
fish and frogs etc.   10log  
Characteristics of Sound  I0 
 Hearing of sound is characterised by following If 1 and 2 be the sound levels corresponding
three parameters. to sound intensities I1 and I2 respectively. Then,
1) Loudness (Refers to Intensity) :
It is the sensation received by ear due to intensity I I
1  10 log 1 and  2  10 log 2
of sound I0 I0
Greater the amplitude of vibration, greater will
 I I 
be intensity ( I A2 ) and so louder will be sound. 2  1  10  log 2  log 1 
 I0 I0 
The loudness being the sensation, depends on
the sensitivity of listener’s ear. Loudness of a I 
sound of a given intensity may be different for (or) 2  1  10log  2 
different listeners.  I1 
The average energy transmitted by a wave per 2) Pitch (Refers to Frequency):
unit normal area per second is called intensity The shrillness or harshness of sound is known
E as pitch. Pitch depends on frequency. Higher the
of a wave. I  . ItsSI Unit : W/m2 frequency, higher will be the pitch and shriller
At
will be the sound.
 It is the average power transmitted by a wave 3) Quality or Timber (Refers to Harmonics):
through the given area.
It is the sensation received by ear due to
P waveform. Quality of a sound depends on
I  avg. ; I  2 2 n 2 A2  v
area number of overtones. i.e, harmonic present.
18 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
Velocity of Sound v0t
 The equation for velocity of sound through a  vt  v0   v0  0.61t C
546
E Note:
medium is given by v 
 1) When temperature rises by 1o C then velocity of
where E  modulus of elasticity;   density sound increases by 0.61 m/s
2) The velocity of sound increases with increase
 As modulus of elasticity is more for solids and
less for gases, so in humidity. Sound travels faster in moist air
than in dry air at the same temperature, because
vsolids  vliquids  vgases
density of humidity air is less than that of dry
Y air.
 In case of solids v   ,
 moist air   dry air  vmoist air  vdry air
where Y is Young's modulus,
3) The velocity of sound at constant temperature in
B a gas does not depend upon the pressure of air.
 In case of fluids (liquids and gases) v   4) Amplitude, frequency, phase, loudness, pitch,
where B is the Bulk modulus quality donot effect velocity of sound.
Velocity of sound in Gases : W.E-26: Find the speed of sound in a mixture of
1 mol of helium and 2 mol of oxygen at 27°C.
 Newton’s formula :
Newton assumed that the propagation of sound C Pmix 19 R / 6  19
in a gas takes place under isothermal conditions. Sol.  mix  C  
13R / 6  13
Vmix
 Isothermal Bulk modulus , B  P
nM n M 1 4  2  32
P M mix  1 1 2 2 
 vs  n1  n2 1 2

68
1.013 x105   103 kg / mol ;
 280ms 1 3
 At S.T.P. v  1.29
 RT 19 8.314  300
Which is less than the experimental value v  mix  
( 332 m / s ) M mix 13 68 10 3 / 3  401m / s
 Laplace’s correction: Laplace assumed that W.E-27: A window whose area is 2m opens on a
3

the propagation of sound in a gas takes place street where the street noise result in an
under adiabatic conditions. intensity level at the window of 60dB . How
 Adiabatic Bulk modulus, B   P much ‘acoustic power’ enters the window via
sound waves. Now if an acoustic absorber is
P  PV  nRT  RT fitted at the window, how much energy from
v    
 m m M street will it collect in five hours ?
where V = volume, m is mass, M = molecular  I 
weight. T is absolute temperature Sol. Sound level   10log  I 
 For air  = 1.4. Therefore  o
At STP v0  280 1.4  330ms 1 , which agrees  I  I
 60  10 log     106  I  106 I
with the experimentally calculated value.  Io  Io o

 Velocity of sound in a gas is directly proportional  I  106  10 12  106 W / m 2

to the square root of the absolute temperature
1 E
vt T  t  273  2 but intensity I   E  IAt
vo
 
To  273    v   T At
E  10 6  2  5  3600  36  103 J
 t  Various forms of longitudinal wave:
 vt  vo  1   As we know, during a longitudinal wave
 546  propagation the particles of the medium oscillate

NARAYANAGROUP 19
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
to produce pressure and density variation along the 2) Density wave form : Let o be the normal
direction of the wave. These variations result in
series of high and low pressure (and density) density of the medium and  be the change in
regions called compression and rarefactions density of t he medium during t he wave
respectively. Hence the longitudinal wave can propagation.
be in terms of displacement of particles called Then fraction of change in volume of the element
displacement wave y(x, t) or in terms of change v   m
 v  
in pressure called pressure wave P( x, t ) or v 0  
change in density called density wave d ( x, t ) . According to definition of Bulk’s modulus
1) Pressure Wave:  
 v 
i)A longitudinal sound wave can be expressed B  P    P  0 
either in terms of the longitudinal displacement  v    
of the particles of the medium or in terms of
excess pressure produced due to compression 0
or rarefaction. (at compression, the pressure is    .p
B
more than the normal pressure of the medium 0
and at rarefaction the pressure is lesser than the    (p )max Cos (kx   t )
normal). B
ii) If the displacement wave is represented by     0 Ak Cos ( kx  t )
y  A sin(t  kx) then the corresponding
pressure wave will be represented by
dy
  p max  BAk 
P   B (B = Bulk modulus of elasticity of
dx      max Cos ( kx  t ),
medium)
where ( ) max  0 Ak is called density
P  BAk cos(t  kx )  P0 cos(t  kx)
amplitude. Thus the density wave is in phase
where P0  pressure amplitude  BAk with the pressure wave and this is 900 out of
iii) Pressure wave is  / 2 out of phase(lags) phase (lags ) with the displacement wave as
with displacement wave. i.e. pressure is shown in the figure.
maximum when displacement is minimum and
vice-versa.
Note1:At the centre of compression and
rarefaction particle velocity is maximum and +A
at the boundary of compression and rarefaction O
particles are momentarly of rest. This is -A
explained as in a harmonic progressive wave
vp dy
vP = -(slope of y-x )  v  
v dx
Since the change in pressure of the medium P0+BAK
P0
 dy   vp  P0-BAK
P   B    P  B  v 
 dx   
i.e., for a given medium, B and v are constants.
Where v p is maximum, p is also maximum, d0+d0AK
d0
which is true at y = 0
Note 2: As sound sensors (e.g ear or mike ) detect d0-d0AK
pressure changes, description of sound as
pressure wave is preferred over displacement
wave.
20 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
Note 1: The relation between density amplitude and WE-30: A firework charge is detonated many
 metres above the ground. At a distance of 400
pressure amplitude is () max  (p ) max   m from the explosion, the acoustic pressure
B reaches a maximum of 10.0 N / m 2 . Assume
P 1 that the speed of sound is constant at 343 m/s
Note 2: Average Intensity I    2 A2v throughout the atmosphere over the region
S 2 considered, the ground absorbs all the sound
In terms of pressure amplitude, sound intensity falling on it, and the air absorbs sound en-
2 2 ergy at the rate of 7.00 dB/km. What is the
1   p
I   2  max  v 
 1   pmax  sound level (in decibels) at 4.00 km from the
v explosion?
2  Bk  2
Sol. r  400m, r 1  4000m,

[ (P)max  BAk , k  and B   v 2 ]   1.2kg / m3 , v  343m / s
v 2
Thus intensity of wave is proportional to square Pmax 10
I   1.21102W / m 2
of pressure amplitude or displacement amplitude 2  v 2(1.2)(343)
or density amplitude and is independent of 2
frequency. 1 I1  r 
as I  2    1 
W.E-28: What is the maximum possible sound r I r 
level in dB of sound waves in air? Given that I (400)
3
I1   1.21 103 W / m 2
density of air  1.3kg / m , v  332m / s and 4000
atmospheric pressure P  1.01 10 N / m .5 2  I   1.21103 
  10 log  1   log  12 
 90.8 dB
Sol. For maximum possible sound intensity, pressure I   110 
amplitude of wave will be equal to atmospheric At a distance of 4 km from the explosion, ab-
pressure, i.e., p0  P  1.01 10 Nm5 2 sorption from the air will decrease the sound
level by an additional amount,
2 5 2
p (1.0110 )   (7)(3.60)  25.2 dB
I 0   1.18 107 W / m 2 At 4 km, the sound level will be
2  v 2 1.3  332
 f      90.8  25.2  65.6 dB
I 107 Organ pipes
 SL  10log  10log 12  190dB
I0 10 Organ pipe: An organ pipe is a cylindrical
WE-29: The faintest sounds the human ear can tube of uniform cross section in which a gas is
detect at a frequency of 1000 Hz correspond trapped as a column.
Open pipe : If both ends of a pipe are open
to an intensity of about 1.00  1012 W / m 2 , and a system of air is directed against an edge,
which is called threshold of hearing. The standing longitudinal waves can be set up in the
loudest sounds the ear can tolerate at this tube. The open end is a displacement antinode.
frequency correspond to an intensity of about  Due to finite momentum, air molecules undergo
certain displacement in the upward direction
1.00W / m 2 , the threshold of pain. Determine hence antinode takes place just above the open
the pressure amplitude and displacement end but not exactly at the end of the pipe.
amplitude associated with these two limits.  Due to pressure variations, reflection of
Sol. Pmax  2  vI longitudinal wave takes place at open end and
hence longitudinal stationary waves are formed
in open tube.
 2(1.20)(343)(1.00  10 12 )
 2.87  105 N / m2
Pmax 2.87 10 5
A 
 v (1.2)(343)(2 1000) 
(   2 n) ;  1.11 1011 m
(a) (b) (c)

NARAYANAGROUP 21
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
fig: a) For fundamental mode of vibrations or If n1 is the fundamental frequency, then the velocity
I harmonic of sound waves is given as
 V
L  1 ; 1  2L V  1n1 V  4 Ln1  n1  4L ----- (1)
2
 figure b) for third harmonic or first overtone.
V
V  1n1 ; V  2 Ln1  n1  ------ (1)  4
2L L  3  2 ,  2  L
 fig:b) For the second harmonic or first 4 3
overtone, 4 3V
L  2 V  2 n2 , V  Ln2  n2  ---- (2)
3 4L
2V  figure c) for fifth harmonic or second
V  2 n2 V  Ln2  n 2  2L ------ (2) overtone.
 fig:c) For the third harmonic or second  4
overtone, L  5  3 ,  3  L
4 5
 2 4 5V
L  3  3  3  L V   3 n3 , V  Ln3  n3  ---- (3)
2 3 5 4L
2 3V From (1), (2) and (3) we get,
V  3 n3 V  Ln3  n 3  ------- (3)
3 2L n1 : n2 : n3 .....  1: 3 : 5 : ......
 From (1), (2) and (3) we get, 4L
n1 : n2 : n3 .....  1: 2 : 3 : ...... In the general case, 
i.e. for a cylindrical tube, open at both ends, the
  2 p  1 , where
harmonics excitable in the tube are all integral p  0,1, 2,.....
multiples of its fundamental.  2 p  1V
 p harmonic frequency 
th
2L ,
 4L
  In the general case, p
, where
where p = 1, 2....
p  1, 2,..... End Correction
Due to finite momentum of air molecules in organ
V pV pipe reflection takes place not exactly at open
 p harmonic frequency    2l , where
th
end but some what above it. Hence antinode is
p  1, 2,..... not formed exactly at the open end rather it is
Closed pipe: If one end of a pipe is closed, formed at a little distance away from open end
then reflected wave is 180 out of phase with outside it.
the wave. Thus the displacement of the small The distance of antinode form the open end is
volume elements at the closed end must always known as end correct (e).
be zero. Hence the closed end must be a It is given by e = 0.6 r , where r = radius of
displacement node. pipe.

l' l l l'

(a) (b) (c)

 figure a) for the fundamental mode of Effective length in open organ pipe l '   l  2e 
vibration or I harmonic :
 Effective length in closed organ pipe l '   l  e 
L  1 1  4L
4
22 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES

Note: When the end correction is considered, then W.E-32: A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz is
i)the fundamental frequency of open pipe vibrated just above a cylindrical tube of
V V length 120 cm. Water is slowly poured in the
n n tube. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
2  l  2e   2  l  1.2r 
Find the minimum height of water required
ii) The fundamental frequency of closed pipe for resonance. (v = 340m/s)
V V v
n  n
4 l  e 4  0.6r 
l  Sol: n  p with p = 1, 3, 5,.............
4L
Velocity of sound So length of air column in the pipe
(Resonance column apparatus) :
pv
L  25 p cm with p = 1,3,5,.....
4n
i.e., L = 25cm, 75cm, 125cm
l2
Now as the tube is 120 cm , so length of air
column must be lesser than 120 cm, i.e., it can
be only 25 cm or 75 cm. Further if h is the height
of water filled in the tube,
 If l1 , l2 and l3 are the first, second and third L + h = 120 cm or h = 120 – L
So h will be minimum when Lmax = 75cm

resonating lengths then l1  e  ....(1)  (h)min = 120 – 75 = 45cm.
4 BEATS
3  It is the phenomenon of periodic change in the
l2  e  ...(2)
4 intensity of sound when two waves of slightly
5 different frequencies travelling in same
l3  e  --- (3) direction superpose with each other.
4
 Maximum Intensity of sound(Waxing) is
 From equations (1) and (2) produced in the beats when constructive
1)   2  l2  l1  2) V  n  2n  l2  l1  Interference takes place.
1 l  3l1  Minimum Intensity of sound(Waning) is
3)  2   e  2 4) l3  l2  l2  l1  l3  2l2  l1 produced in the beats when destructive
2 Interference takes place.
W.E-31: A tube of certain diameter and length
48 cm is open at both ends. Its fundamental
frequency of resonance is found to be 320 Hz.
The velocity of sound in air is 320 m/s.
Estimate the diameter of the tube. One end
of the tube is now closed. Calculate the
frequency of resonance for the tube.
v v
Sol. n0  2  L  2e   2  L  2  0.6r   as e  0.6r 
So substituting the given data,
Analytical treatment of Beats:
320  100 10
320   or  r  cm  Equations of waves producing beats are given
2  48  1.2 r  6 as y1  a sin 1t and y2  a sin 2t let 1  2
So, D = 2r = 2 × (10/6) = 3.33cm.
Now when one end is closed,  Resultant wave equation is
 1  2     2 
v y  y1  y2  2a cos   t sin  1 t
nc   2   2 
4  L  0.6r 
320  100  1  2 
  163.3Hz y  A  t  cos  t
4  48  0.6  10 / 6    2 

NARAYANAGROUP 23
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
2. When arms of one of the tuning forks are filed then
   2  t
 2a sin 1
Here A  t  its frequency increases.
2 i.e., n1  n
 Amplitude is function of time. Frequency of 3. The following table gives the relation for beats
n n produced when sounded together under different
variation of amplitude  1 2
2 conditions.
n1  n2
 Frequency of resultant wave = 2 Fork Frequency
Relation n when
1 1
n > n n < n
 The variation in the intensity of sound between
successive maxima or minima is called one beat. Wax is added
to 1st fork
n11  n1 n = n2n1 n = n1n2
 The number of beats per second is called beat
frequency. I f n1 and n 2 are the frequencies of Wax is added
the two sound waves that interfere to produce nd
to 2 fork
n22  n2 n = n1n2 n = n2n1
beats then st
1 fork is
Beat frequency = n1 ~ n2 filled
n11  n1 n = n1n2 n = n2n1

 The time period of one beat (or) the time interval nd

between two successive maxima or minima is 2 fork is
n12  n1 n = n2n1 n = n1n2
filled
1
n1 ~ n2 W.E-33: The frequency of tunning fork ‘A’ is
 The time interval between a minima and the 250 Hz. It produces 6 beats/sec, when sounded
1 together with another tunning fork B. If its
immediate maxima is arms are loaded with wax then it produces 4
2n1 ~ n2 
beats/sec. Find the frequency of tuning fork
 As the persistence of human hearing is about B.
0.1 sec, beats will be detected by the ear only
if beat period is t  0.1sec or beat frequency Sol. n  nA  nB = 6 beats / sec
n  n1  n2  10 Hz If wax is added to the tunning fork A then its
 Maximum number of beats that can be heard by frequency decreases. i.e., n1A  nA and
a human being is 10 per second.
given n1  4 beats / sec  n
 If more than 10 beats are produced then no. of
beats produced are same but no. of beats heard This is possible when nA  nB  n
are zero
 If a1 , a2 are amplitudes of two sound waves that  250  nB  6  nB  244 Hz
interfere to produce beats then the ratio of W.E-34: A tunning fork of frequency of 512 Hz
maximum and minimum intensity of sound is, when sounded with unknown tunning fork
2 produces 5 beats/sec. If arms of the unknown
I max  a1  a2  fork are filed then it produces only 3 beats /
 
I min  a1  a2  sec. Find the frequency of unknown tunning
Uses of Beats: fork.
i) To determine unknown frequency of a tuning fork Sol. n  n1  n2 , n1  512 Hz , n  5 beats/sec
with the help of a standard tuning fork.
ii) To tune the stretched string of a musical If arms of unknown fork are filed then its fre-
instrument to a particular frequency. quency increases.
iii) To detect the presence of dangerous gases in i.e., n12  n2 and given n1  3 beats / sec.
mines.
Note: This is possible when n  n2  n1
1. When wax is added to the arms of one of the
tuning forks then its frequency decreases.  5  n2  512  n2  517 Hz
i.e. n1  n

24 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
W.E-35: The lengths of two open organ pipes are 3K 97 K
ny  K  
l and l  l  l  l  . If v is the speed of 100 100
sound, find the frequency of beats between 105 97
n  nx  n y  4  K K
them. 100 100
On solving, K = 50 Hz
Sol. Beat frequency  n1  n2  v  v
2l 2  l  l  105
The frequency of x   50  52.5 Hz
1
100
v   l   v  l  vl 97
 1   1     1  1    2 Similarly frequency of y   50  48.5Hz
2l   l   2l  l  2l 100
W.E-36: If two sound waves, W.E-38: A string under a tension of 129.6 N
produces 10 beats per sec when it is vibrated
y1 =0.3sin596 [t-x/330] and along with a tuning fork. When the tension
y 2 =0.5sin604 [t -x/330] are superposed, in the string is increased to 160 N, it sounds
what will be the (a) frequency of resultant in unison with the same tuning fork. Calculate
wave (b) frequency at which the amplitude of the fundamental frequency of the tuning fork.
resultant waves varies (c) Frequency at which Sol. Let ‘n’ be the frequency of fork.
beats are produced. Find also the ratio of The wire frequency would be  n  10 
maximum and minimum intensities of beats.
In case of a wire under tension n  T
Sol. Comparing the given wave equation with
y  A sin  t   x / v    as k /   1/ v  we find n  10 129.6
   n = 100 Hz
that here, n 160
W.E-39 Two open organ pipes 80 cm and 81 cm
A1=0.3, 1  2n1  596  n1=298Hz long found to give 26 beats in 10 sec, when
and A2= 0.5, 2  2n2  604  n2 = 302 Hz each is sounding its fundamental note. Find
a) The frequency of the resultant the velocity of sound in air.
Sol. Number of beats per second
n1  n2  298  302 
navg    300 Hz v v
2 2 n  
2l1 2l2
b) The frequency at which amplitude of resultant
wave varies: 26 v v 2v
  ~  2.6 
n1  n2  298  302  10 160 162 160 162
nA    2 Hz 2.6  160  162
2 2 v  33696cms 1  337 ms 1 .
c) The frequency at which beats are produced 2
nb = 2nA = n1 – n2 = 4Hz Doppler’s effect: Whenever there is a relative
d) The ratio of maximum to minimum intensities motion between a source of sound and the
of beat observer (listener), the frequency of sound heard
2 2
by the observer is different from the actual
I max  A1  A2   0.3  0.5  64 frequency of sound emitted by the force.
 2
 2   16 The frequency observed by the observer is
Imin  A1  A2   0.3  0.5 4 called the apparent frequency. It may be less than
W.E-37:The frequency of a tuning fork ‘x’ is 5% or greater than the actual frequency emitted by
greater than that of a standard fork of the sound source. The difference depends on the
frequency ‘K’. The frequency of another fork relative motion between the source and observer.
‘y’ is 3% less than that of ‘K’. When ‘x’ and 1. When observer and source are stationary
‘y’ are vibrated together 4 beats are heard per
second. Find the frequencies of x and y.
Sol. Let the frequency of standard fork be K O
S
5 K 105 K 
nx  K   
100 100

NARAYANAGROUP 25
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
i) Sound waves propagate in the form of spherical   v  vm   vo 
wavefronts (shown as circles) (from observer to source) n '   v  v  v  n
ii) The distance between two successive circles  m S 
is equal to wavelength 
iii) Number of waves crossing the observer = If medium is stationary i.e., vm = 0 then
Number of waves emitted by the source
 v  v0 
iv) Thus apparent frequency  n ' = actual n'   n
 v  vS 
frequency (n).
2. When source is moving but observer is  Sign convention for different situation
i) The direction of v is always taken from source
at rest
to observer.
S S1
O3
ii) If the velocities vo , vs in the direction of v
O S
 
2

then positive +ve is taken.

y x

i) S1, S2, S3 are the positions of the source at iii) If the velocities vo , vs in the opposite
three different positions. direction of v then positive -ve is taken.
ii) Waves are represented by non-concentric Note:- i) Doppler effect in sound is asymmetric.
circles, they appear compressed in the forward ii) Doppler effect in light is symmetric.
direction and spread out in backward direction. iii) Doppler’s effect in vector form is written
iii) For observer (X) as
Apparent wavelength   '  Actual r  v  v0 .r 
n1  
S O  v  v .r  n
wavelength (  )  s 

 Apparent frequency  n '   Actual frequency (n) r unit vector along the line joining source and
observer V  Velocity of sound in the medium.
For observer (Y) :  '    n '  n
Its direction is always taken from source to
3. When source is stationary but observer observer.
is moving
 limitations of Doppler effect:
i) Doppler effect is not observed if
O
S
O
a) v0  vs  0 (both are in rest)
 
x
y b) v0  vs  0 and medium is alone in motion
i) Waves are again represented by concentric direction.
circles.
ii) No change in wavelength received by either d) vs is perpendicular to the line of sight
observer X or Y. ii) Doppler effect is applicable only when,
iii) Observer X (moving towards) receives v0  v and vs  v . ( v is velocity of sound)
wave fronts at shorter interval thus n '  n . 5. Common Cases in Doppler’s Effect
iv) Observer Y receives wavelengths at longer
 Source is moving but observer at rest.
interval thus n '  n 1. Source is moving towards the observer
4. General expression for apparent v
frequency: If v, vo , vs are the velocities of
sound, observer, source respectively and vs O v0 = 0
s
velocity of medium is vm then apparent
frequency observed by observer when wind  v 
blows in the direction of v (from the source to Apparent frequency n '  n  v  v 
 S 
observer )is given by
 v  vm   v o 
 v  vS 
n'  n
Apparent wavelength  '    
and in opposite direction of v  v 
 v  vm   vS 

26 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
2. Source is moving away from the observer. 2. When both are moving away from each other.
v
v
vs
vs v0 = 0 v0
s O O
s

 v 
Apparent frequency n'  n   v  vO 
 v  vS  i) Apparent frequency n '  n  v  v   n '  n 
 S 
 v  vS 
Apparent wavelength  '     ii) Apparent wavelength
 v 
 Source is at rest but observer is moving.  v  vS 
1. Observer is moving towards the source. '     '   
 v 
v iii) Velocity of waves with respect to observer
= (v – vO)
vs= 0 v0 3. When source is moving behind observer
s
O
v
 v  v0 
Apparent frequency n '  n   vs O v0
 v  s
Apparent wavelength
 v  v0    v  v0   v    v  vO 
'  i) Apparent frequency n '  n  v  v 
n'
n
 v  v0  n  S 

v a) If vO < vS, then n '  n

2. Observer is moving away from the source b) If vO > vS, then n '  n
v
c) If vO = vS then n '  n
 v  vS 
v0 ii) Apparent wavelength  '    
vs= 0
s O  v 
iii) Velocity of waves with respect to observer
 v  vO  = (v – vO)
Apparent frequency n '  n   4. When observer is moving behind the source
 v 
Apparent wavelength  '   v
4. When source and observer both are vs v0
moving s O
1. When both are moving towards each other
v  v  v0 
i) Apparent frequency n '  n  
 v  vs 
vs v0 a) If v0 > vs , then n '  n
s O
b) If v0 < vs , then n '  n
 v  v0  c) If v0 = vs , then n '  n
i) Apparent frequency n '  n  v  v 
 S 
 v  vS 
 v  vS  ii) Apparent wavelength  '    
ii) Apparent wavelength  '     v 

 v  iii) The velocity of waves with respect to
iii) Velocity of wave with respect to observer observer   v  vO 
= (v + v 0)

NARAYANAGROUP 27
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
Crossing Some Typical Cases of Doppler’ Effect
1. Moving sound source crosses a stationary 1. M ov i ng car t ow ar ds w al l : When a car is
observer moving towards a stationary wall as shown in
v v
figure. If the car sounds a horn, wave travels
toward the wall and is reflected from the wall.
When the reflected wave is heard by the driver,
vs vs
s it appears to be of relatively high pitch, if we
v0= 0 wish to measure the frequency of reflected sound.
Before After
crossing crossing
Observer Imaginary source
Apparent frequency before crossing vc vc
 v 
n 'Before  n  
 v  vS  v
 v  Echo (sound)
Apparent frequency n ' After  n  Here we assume that the sound which is reflected
 v  vS  by the stationary wall is coming from the image
n 'Before
 v  vS  of car which is at the back of it and coming
Ratio of two frequencies n '   1 towards it with velocity vC. Now the frequency
After  v  vS  of sound heard by car driver be given as
Change in apparent frequency
' '  v  vc 
 v v  ndirect  n; nreflected  n 
n 'Before  n ' After  n    v  vc 
 v  vs v  vs  No.of beats
 2v  2vc n
 nv  2 s 2  n '  n 'reflected  n 'direct 
 v  vs  v  vc
2nvS Case (i): If the observer is at rest in between
If vs  v then n 'Before  n ' After  source and wall as shown
v
2. Moving observer crosses a stationary source
v v vs v 0= 0 vs
s
Direct Reflected
0
v0 v0 Sound Sound
0
source observer wall Image of
vs= 0 source
Before After
crossing crossing  v   v 
Apparent frequency before crossing
n1direct   1
 n ; nreflected   n
 v  vs   v  vs 
 v  vO 
n 'Before  n   No.of beats n '  n 'reflected  n 'direct  0
 v  Case (ii): If the source is in between observer
Apparent frequency after crossing
and wall
 v  vO 
n ' After  n  
 v  v0= 0 vs vs

n 'Before v  vO Direct Reflected

Ratio of two frequencies n '  Sound Sound
After v  vO observer source wall Image of source
Change in apparent frequency
 v   v 
n 'Before  n ' After 
2nvO n1direct   1
 n ; nreflected   n
v  v  vs  v  vs 

28 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES

No. of beats n '  n 'reflected  n 'direct 3. Transverse Doppler’s effect

i) If a source is moving in a direction making an
 v   v   2 vs  angle  w.r.t. the observer..
 n  n  n 2 2 
 v  vs   v  vs   v  vs  A
vs C
B
vs cos

2nvS 
90° 
If vs  v then n '  vs cos
vs
v
Note: This method of images for solving problems
of Doppler effect is very convenient but is used O

only for velocities of source and observer which The apparent frequency herd by observer O at
are very small compared to the speed of sound rest
and it should not be used frequently when the nv
reflector of sound is moving. At point A: n ' 
v  vS cos 
2. Moving target: Let a sound source S and
observer O are at rest (stationary). The frequency As source moves along AB, value of 
of sound emitted by the source is n and velocity increases, cos  decreases, n ' goes on
of waves is v . decreasing.
Moving traget
S At point C:
  90 , cos   cos 90  0, n '  n
O
Source and observer
At point B: The apparent frequency of sound
vr
are at rest nv
A target is moving towards the source and becomes n ''  v  v cos 
s
observer, with a velocity vT. Our aim is to find ii) When two cars are moving on perpendicular
out the frequency observed by the observer, for roads: When car-1 sounds a horn of frequency
the waves reaching it after reflection from the n, the apparent frequency of sound heard by car-
moving target. The formula is derived by
applying Doppler equations twice, first with the  v  v2 cos  2 
2 can be given as n '  n  v  v cos  
target as observer and then with the target as  1 1 
source.
The frequency n ' of the waves reaching surface S
Car-1 v
of the moving target (treating it as observer) will 
1
1

v
 v  vT  v cos 
be n '   n v 2 2 2
v cos  1 1 2

 v 
Car-2
Now these waves are reflected by the moving
target (which now acts as a source). Therefore 2

the apparent frequency, for the real observer O 4. Rotating source/observer: Suppose that a
v v  vT source of sound/observer is rotating in a circle
will be n ''  n '  n ''  n of radius r with angular velocity  (Linear
v  vT v  vT
i) If the target is moving away from the observer, velocity vS  r  )
v  vT i) When source / observer at rest at centre of circle
then n '  n and observer / source is rotating in a circle then
v  vT the line of sight is perpendicular to the direc-
ii) If target velocity is much less than the speed tion of motion of observer / source and hence
 2v  no doppler effect.  n1  n
of sound, (vT << v), then n '   1  T  n , for
 v  O
v0 = 0
 2vT  vs = 0 vS
approaching target and n '   1   n for v0
vS
 v  v0 O
receding target
O

NARAYANAGROUP 29
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
ii) When source is rotating 6. Uses of Doppler effect:
a) Towards the observer heard frequency will It is used in
nv a) SONAR
be maximum i.e., nmax  v  v b) RADAR (Radio detection and ranging used
S to determine speed of objects in space)
b) Away from the observer heard frequency will c) To determine speeds of automobiles by traf-
fic police. The technique is applied in the air-
nv ports to guide the air crafts.
be minimum and nmin  v  v d) To determine speed of rotation of sun.
S
vS e) In Astrophysics, it is applied in the study of
a the saturn’s rings and in the study of binary satrs.
r
Here the doppler’s shift in the frequency of light
vS
from the atronomical objects is measured.
v f) Accurate navigation and accurate target bomb-
c) Ratio of maximum and minimum frequency ing techniques.
nmax v  vS g) Tracking earth’s satellite.
 h) In medicine, it is applied to study the veloc-
nmin v  vS ity of blood flow in different parts of the body
iii) When observer is rotating and the moment of the fetus in the woomb using
vO ultra sound. The conditions of heart beat can be
a inferred by “echocardiogram” generated from
r
this technique.
vO W.E-40 When a train is approaching the observer,
v the frequency of the whistle is 100 cps while
a) Towards the source heard frequency will be when it has passed the observer, it is 50 cps.
maximum Calculate the frequency when the observer
moves with the train.
 v  v0 
i.e., nmax  n   Sol. In case of approaching of source, 100 
nv
 v 
v  vS
b) Away from the source heard frequency will while in case of recession of source,
 v  v0  nv
be minimum and nmin  n   50 
 v  v  vS
c) Ratio of maximum and minimum frequency Which on simplification gives
nmax v  v0 200
 n  66.67 Hz
nmin v  v0 3
5. Doppler shift in RADAR: A microwave beam W.E-41: A car approaching a crossing at a speed
of 20 m/s sounds a horn of frequency 500Hz
is directed towards the aeroplane and is received when at 80m from the crossing. Speed of
back after reflection from it. If ‘v’ is the speed sound in air is 330 m/s. What frequency is
of the plane and ‘n’ is the actual frequency of heard by an observer 60 m from the crossing
the microwave beam then the frequency of the on the straight road which crosses car road
microwave beam then the frequency received by at right angles ?
Sol. The situation is as shown in figure
1 cv 80m
moving plane n   n (car) S
 c  

60m
Now the plane act as a moving source, the fre- 100m

11 cv (observer)
quency of the wave from it is n   n O
 cv  80 4
( c is velocity of microwave) cos     Apparent frequency is
100 5
2nv  
Change in frequency n  v  330 
c napp  n
4   500  = 525.5 Hz
v  vS cos   330  20  
By measuring n , the speed ‘v’ can be obtained.  5

30 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES

W.E-42: A whistle of frequency 540 Hz rotates Further more source is moving on a circle, its speed
in a circle of radius 2 m at a linear speed of vs  r  = 3 × 10 = 30m/s and as detector is
30m/s. What is the lowest and highest
frequency heard by an observer a long executing SHM, vD   A2  y 2
distance away at rest with respect to the
centre of circle. Take speed of sound in air  10 62  02  60m / s i.e., detector is at C.
as 330 m/s. Can the apparent frequency be So n ' will be maximum when both move
ever equal to actual ?
Sol. Apparent frequency will be minimum when the  v  vD 
towards each other. n 'max  n   with vD
source is at N and moving away from the  v  vS 
observer. = max i.e., the source is at M and detector at C
L
vs
and moving towards B, so
M  330  60 
K n 'max  340    442 Hz
O C
 330  30 
N Similarly n ' will be minimum when both are
Apparent frequency will be maximum when moving away from each other i.e.,
source is at L and approaching the observer.
 v  vD 
v  330  n 'min  n   wit h vD = max i.e., t he
n 'max 
v  vS
n   540   594 Hz  v  vS 
 330  30 
source is at N and detector at C but moving
Further when source is at M and K, angle
between velocity of source and line joining  330  60 
towards D, so nmin  340    255 Hz
source and observer is 90° (i.e., line of sight  330  30 
is perpendicular to vs ) or Echo (additional)
vScos =vScos90° = 0 .  The sound reflected by an obstacle which is
heard by a listener is called an echo.
So, there will be no Doppler effect.
 Persistence of hearing is the minimum interval
W.E-43: A source of sound is moving along a of time between two sound notes to distinguish
circular orbit of radius 3 m with an angular them.
velocity of 10 rad/s. A sound detector located Persistence of hearing is 0.1s
far away from the source is executing linear
 A person is at a distance ‘d’ from a reflected
simple harmonic motion along the line BD surface (a wall, mountain etc). The person
with amplitude BC = CD = 6 m. The sounds a horn and hears its echo at the end of a
frequency of oscillation of the detector is time ‘t’. If V is the velocity of sound in air then.
 5 /   rev /sec. The source is at the point A Vt
d
when the detector is at the point B. If the 2
source emits a continuous sound wave of
frequency 340 Hz, find the maximum and d
the minimum frequencies recorded by the S
detector [velocity of sound = 330 m/s]. D

A
3m B C D Reflector
To hear a clear echo, the minimum distance of
M
Sol. Time period of circular mot ion the obstacle,
V  0.1 V
T   2 /    2 /10  is same as that of d  
min 2 20
SHM i.e., T=(1/n)    / 5  , so both will -1
If V = 330 ms then dmin = 16.5m
complete one periodic motion in same time. If V = 340 ms-1 then dmin = 17 m

NARAYANAGROUP 31
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
9. When a progressive wave is propagating in a
C .U .Q medium, at a given instant, two particles which
are separated by three wave lengths will
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRESSIVE have.....
WAVE 1) Different displacement in same direction
1. When a wave is travelling in a medium, in that 2) Different displacement in opposite direction
process, the following is/are transporting from 3) Same displacement in opposite direction
one particle to other 4) Same displacement in same direction
1) energy 2) momentum 10. The speed of sound in a medium does not
3) both 1 & 2 4) length change with the change of
2. A plane progressive wave cannot be 1) frequency 2) wave length
represented by 3) pressure 4) density
11. Phase difference between a particle at a
1) y = a sin  t  kx  compre-ssion and a particle at the next
rarefaction is
 t x 1) Zero 2)  /2 3)  4)  /4
2) y = asin 2   
T   12. One similarity between sound and light waves
is that.
2 1) both can propagate in vacuum
3) y = a sin Vt  x 
 2) both have same speed
4) y  A log x  B log x 3) both can show polarization
4) both can show interference
3. The speed of wave of time period T and 13. When a body is undergoing undamped
propagation constant K is vibration, the physical quantity that remains
2 TK 1 T constant is
1) 2) 3) 4) 1) amplitude 2) velocity
TK 2 TK K
3) acceleration 4) phase
4. The phase change between incident and
SPEED OF A TRAVELLING WAVE
reflected sound wave from a fixed wall is 14. At any instant a wave travelling along the
1) 0 2)  3) 3  4) 2  string is shown in figure. Here, if point A is
5. The phase change between incident and moving upward, the true statement is
reflected sound wave from a free end is
1) 0 2)  3) 3  4)  / 2 B
6. Figure shows the shape of a string, the pairs A C
of points which are in opposite phase is O
A E
x

C B 1) the wave is travelling to the right

2) the displacement amplitude of wave is equal
to displacement of B at this instant
1) A and B 2) B and C 3) C and E 4) A and E 3) at this instant, C also directed upward
7. During propagation of longitudinal plane wave 4) 1 and 3
in a medium the two particles separated by a 15. Transverse waves are produced in a long
distance equivalent to one wavelength at an string by attaching its free end to a vibrating
instant will be/have tuning fork. Figure shows the shape of a part
1) in phase, same displacement of the string. The points in phase are
2) in phase, different displacement B
A C G
3) different phase, same displacement
4) different phase, different displacement
8. The equation of a progressive wave is Y=a D F
sin (  t-kx), then the velocity of the wave is E
1) k  2) k/  3)  /k 4) a  1) A and D 2) B and E
3) C and F 4) A and G

32 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
16. A pulse in a rope approaches a solid wall and 21. At a certain instant a stationary transverse
it gets reflected from it wave is found to have maximum kinetic
energy. The appearance of the string at that
instant is a
1) sinusoidal shape with amplitude A/3
2) sinusoidal shape with amplitude A/2
The wave pulse after reflection is best 3) sinusoidal shape with amplitude A
represented by _____ 4) straight line
1) 2) 22. When stationary waves are set up, pick out
the correct statement from the following
1) all the particles in the medium are in the same
phase of vibration at all times and distances
3) 4)
2) the particles with an interval between two
consecutive nodes are in phase, but the particles
in two such consecutive intervals, are of opposite
phase
3) the phase lag along the path of the wave increa-
17. A transverse wave is travelling along a string ses as the distance from the source increases
from left to right. The figure below represents 4) only antinodes are in same phase
the shape of the string at a given instant. At 23. In a stationary wave along a string the strain
this instant the points have an upward velocity is
are (here X-wave displacement, Y-particle 1) zero at the antinodes
displacement) 2) maximum at the antinodes
y
C 3) zero at the nodes
B D
E
4) maximum at the nodes
x
A
24. In a stationary wave
F H
G 1) phase is same at all points in a loop
1) D,E,F 2) A,B,H 3) B,D,F 4) A,E,H 2) amplitude is same at all points
18. A metal string is fixed between rigid supports. 3) energy is constant at all points
It is initially at negligible tension. It’s Young’s 4) temperature is same at all points
modulus is ‘Y’ density is  and coefficient of 25. A wave is represented by an equation;
linear expansion is . It is now cooled through Y = A cos kx sin t , then
a temperature ‘t’, transverse waves will 1) it is a progressive wave with amplitude A
move along it with a speed. 2) it is a progressive wave with amplitude A
Yt t Yt cos kx

1) 
2) Y  3)   4) t 3) it is a stationary wave with amplitude A
Y 4) it is a stationary wave with amplitude A cos
PRINCIPLE OF SUPER POSITION, kx
INTERFERENCE AND STATIONARY 26. In a stationary wave
WAVES ON STRETCHED STRINGS. 1) pressure change is maximum at nodes
19. The interference phenomenon can take place 2) pressure change is maximum at antinodes
1) in transverse wave 3) pressure change is minimum at nodes
2) in longitudinal wave 4) amplitude is zero at all points
3) in electromagnetic waves 27. A wire in sonometer experiment is vibrating
4) in all waves in the third overtone. There are
20. For superposition of two waves, the following 1) two nodes, two antinodes
is correct 2) three nodes, three antinodes
1) they must have the same frequency and 3) four nodes, three antinodes
wavelength 4) five nodes, four antinodes.
2) they must have equal frequencies but may have 28.  is maximum wavelength of a transverse
unequal wavelengths
wave that travels along a stretched wire
3) they must have the same wave-length, but
whose two ends are fixed. The length of that
may have different frequencies
wire is
4) they may have different wavelength and
different frequencies 1) 2  2)  3)  /2 4) 3  /2

NARAYANAGROUP 33
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
29. In the sonometer experiment, a wire of density 37. The relation between the intensity (I) of a wave
‘  ’ and radius ‘a’ is held between two bridges and on the distance (r) from a line source is
at a distance ‘L’ apart. Tension in the wire is
1
‘T’ the fundamental frequency of the wire will 1) I  r 1 2) I  r 2 3) I  r 4) I  r 2
be 38. Loudness of sound primarily depend upon
1  a2 1 T 1) intensity 2) frequency
1) 2) 3) shape of the source 4) overtone
2L T  2L  a2
39. According to Laplace correction, the
1 T 1 T
3) 4) 2 L  a 2  propagation of sound in gas takes place under
2L  a2 1) isothermal condition 2) isobaric condition
30. For a stretched string of given length, the
3) isochoric condition 4) adiabatic condition
tension ‘T’ is plotted on the X-axis and the
frequency ‘f’ on the Y -axis. The graph is 40. The velocity of sound is not affected by change
1) rectangular hyperbola in
2) straight line through the origin 1) temperature 2) medium
3) parabola 3) pressure4) wavelength
4) straight line not through the origin 41. Velocity of sound in air at the given
31. The equation of a stationary wave in a
temperature
medium is given as y  sin  t cos kx . The
1) decreases with increase in pressure
length of a loop in fundamental mode is
2) may increase on decrease with pressure
  2 K
1) 2) 3) 4) 3) is independent of the variation in pressure
2K K K  4) varies directly as the square root of pressure
32. A stretched string of length l , fixed at both
ends, can sustain stationary waves of 42. If the temperature of atmosphere is increased
wavelength , correctly given by( P is number the following character of sound waves is
of loops) effected
l2 2
p 2l 1) amplitude 2) frequency
1)   2 p 2)   3)   2lp 4)   p 3) velocity 4) wavelength
2l
33. A knife-edge divides a sonometer wire into 43. Velocity of sound is
two parts. The fundamental frequencies of the 1) directly proportional to absolute
t wo par t s ar e n 1 and n2. The fundamental temperature
frequency of the sonometer wire when the 2) directly proportional to square root of
knife-edge is removed will be
absolute temperature
1 n1n2
1) n1 + n2 2)  n1  n2  3) n1n2 4) n  n 3) inversely proportional to absolute temperature
2 1 2
4) inversely proportional to T
SOUND AND VELOCITY OF SOUND
34. Pitch of sound primarily depend upon ORGAN PIPES
1) intensity 2) frequency 44. A closed pipe has certain frequency. Now its
3) quality 4) overtone length is halved. Considering the end
35. Quality of sound primarily depends upon
1) intensity 2) frequency correction, its frequency will now become
3) shape of the source 4) wave form 1) double 2) more than double
36. It is possible to recognize a person by hearing 3) less than double 4) four times
his voice even if he is hidden behind a solid 45. The fundamental frequency of a closed organ
wall. This is due to the fact that his voice pipe is ‘n’. Its length is doubled and radius is
1) Has a definite pitch halved. Its frequency will become nearly.
2) Has a definite quality
3) Has a definite loudness n n
4) Can penetrate the wall 1) 2) 3) n 4) 2n
2 3
34 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
46. When an air column of length ‘l’ open at both 56. In closed pipes, the positions of antinodes are
ends produces its fundamental note, the obtained at ____
wavelength is given by  3 5 
1)   l 2)   2l 3)   4l 4)   3l 1) , , 2) 0, , 
4 4 4 2
47. In the case of closed end organ pipe 3) , 2, 3 4) 2, 4, 6
1) the maximum possible wavelength is same as
that of open end organ piple 57. An open pipe of length ' l ' vibrates in
2) the maximum possible wavelength is less than fundamental mode. The pressure variation is
that of open end organ pipe maximum at
3) the maximum possible wavelength may be less 1) 1/4 from ends 2) the middle of pipe
than that of open end organ pipe 3) the ends of pipe 4) at 1/8 from ends of pipe
4) the maximum possible wavelength is greater BEATS
than that of open end organ pipe 58. Beat phenomenon is physically meaningful
48. In the case of standing waves in organ pipe, only, if
y 1) 1  2  1  2 2) 1  2  1  2
the value of x at the open end is
1 1
1) >0 2) <0 3) =0 4) =10 3)   17 4) 1  2  
2 2
49. The harmonics formed in air column in an
59. Beats are produced by the superposition of
organ pipe closed at one end are
1) only odd 2) only even two waves of nearly equal frequencies. Of
3) both odd and even 4) neither odd nor even the following, the correct statement is
50. A tube with both ends closed has same set of 1) all particles of the medium vibrate simple
natural frequency as harmonically with frequency equal to the
1) one end closed organ pipe difference between the frequencies of component
2) both end open organ pipe waves
3) vibratory string fixed at both ends 2) the frequency of beats changes with the
4) vibratory string fixed at one end location of the observer
51. The frequency of the sound emitted by an 3) the frequency of beats changes with time
organ pipe will increase if the air in it is 4) amplitude of vibration of particle at any point
replaced by changes simple harmonically with frequency
a) hot air b) moist air c) hydrogen equal to one half of the difference between the
1) a is true 2) a,b are true component waves
3) b,c are true 4) a,b,c are true 60. When beats are formed by two waves of
52. An empty vessel is filled partially with water frequencies n1 and n2, the amplitude varies
natural frequency with frequency equal to
1) increase 2) decrease 1) n1-n2 2) 2(n1-n2)
3) remains unchanged 4) insufficient data 3) (n1-n2)/2 4) (n1+n2)/2
53. End correction in a closed organ pipe of 61. Two wires are producing fundamental notes
diameter ‘d’ is of same frequency. The change in which of
1) 0.6d 2) 1.2d 3) 0.3d 4) 2.4d the following factors of one wire does not
54. If oil of density higher than that of water is produce beats between them
used in place of water in a resonance tube, its 1) stretching force 2) diameter of the wire
frequency will 3) material of the wire
1) increase 2) decrease 4) amplitude of the vibrations
3) remain the same 62. Beats are the result of
4) depend upon the density of the material of 1) diffraction 2) destructive interference
tube 3) constructive and destructive interference
55. If 1 , 2 and 3 are wave lengths of the waves 4) superposition of two waves of nearly equal
giving resonance with fundamental ,first and frequencies
second over tones of a closed organ pipe .the 63. To hear beats, it is essential that the two sound
waves in air should
ratio of wave lengths 1 : 2 : 3 is 1) be travelling in opposite directions
1 1 2) be travelling in the same direction
1) 1:2:3 2) 1: : 3) 1:3:5 4) 5:3:1 3) have slightly different amplitude
3 5 4) have slightly different wavelengths
NARAYANAGROUP 35
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
64. When the two tuning forks of nearly same 71. When a source moves away from stationary
frequency are vibrated to produce beats, then observer with velocity v then apparent
the velocity of propagation of beats will be change in frequency is n1 . When an observer
1) less than that of sound approaches the stationary source with same
2) depend upon the relative frequency velocity v then change in frequency is n2 then
3) more than that of sound
4) equal to that of sound 1) n1  n2 2) n1  n2
65. A certain number of beats are heard when n1
two tuning forks of natural frequencies n1 and 3) n1  n2 4) n  1
2
n2 are sounded together. The number of beats 72. The graph between distance between source
when one of the forks is loaded and observer and apparent frequency in the
(1992) case of Doppler’s effect will be
1) increases 2) decreases 1) 2)
3) remains same
4) may increase or decrease S S
n
66. The frequency of sound reaching a stationary
listener behind a moving source is n
1) lower than source frequency
2) higher than source frequency 3) 4)
3) zero
S S
4) same as the frequency of the source
DOPPLER EFFECT
67. Doppler shift in frequency does not depend n n
upon 73. A source of sound moves towards a stationary
listener. The apparent pitch of the sound is
1) the frequency of wave produced found to be higher than its actual value. This
2) the speed of the source happens because
3) distance between source and observer 1) wavelength of sound waves decreases
4) the speed of the observer 2) wavelength of sound waves increases
68. An observer is moving away from a source at 3) the number of waves received by the listener
rest. The pitch of the note heard by the increases
observer is less because 4) the number of waves received by the listener
1) the pitch of the source decreases decreases
2) the velocity of sound in air increases ASSERTION & REASON
3) wave length of the wave becomes small In each of the following questions, a statement
4)wavelength of the wave remains is given and a corresponding statement or
unchanged but observer receives less number reason is given just below it. In the
of waves
statements, mark the correct answer as
69. Doppler effect is not applicable to
1) sound Waves 2) light Waves 1) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
3) radio Waves 4) matter Waves Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
70. In Doppler effect, when a source moves 2) Both Assertion and Reason are true but
towards a stationary observer, the apparent Reason is not the correct explanation of
increase in frequency is due to Assertion.
1) increase in wavelength of sound received by 3) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
observer 4) Assertion is false but Reason is true..
2) decrease in wavelength of sound received 74. Assertion (A): In transverse wave particle
by obzerver velocity is perpendicular to wave velocity.
3) increase in number of waves received by Reason(R): In a longitudinal wave particle
observer in one second
velocity is along the direction of propagation
4) decrease in number of waves received by
observer in one second of wave.

36 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
75. Assertion (A): When a sound wave is 82. Assertion (A): The speed of sound in moist
propagating through the medium the air is more than that in dry air.
acceleration of a particle is directly Reason(R): Speed of sound is independent of
proportional to its displacement. change in pressure at constant temperature.
Reason(R): Wave velocity depends on the 83. Assertion (A): The Doppler formula is not
symmetric with respect to the speed of source
properties of the medium and is independent
and the speed of observer.
of time and position.
Reason(R): Doppler effect is applicable for
76. Assertion (A):When a transverse wave both mechanical as well as electromagnetic
propagates along a string it transports energy waves.
in two forms : kinetic energy and potential 84. Assertion (A): In propagation of sound waves,
energy. pressure amplitude is proportional to the
Reason(R): A transverse pulse reflected from displacement amplitude.
a fixed end gets inverted. Reason(R): Suppose the source and observer
77. Assertion (A):When a wave is transmitted both are stationary and wind is blowing in a
from one medium to another, the frequency direction from source to observer, then the
does not change. observer detects an apparent increase in
frequency.
Reason(R): A wave transports energy and
85. Assertion (A): In stationary wave, all the
momentum along with matter.
particles of the medium between two nodes
78. Assertion (A):Mechanical waves require vibrate in same phase with same frequency
material medium for their propagation. but with different amplitude.
Reason(R): In stationary wave, every particle
Reason(R): Transverse waves cannot be of the medium vibrates with its own energy
generated with in the liquids. and it does not share or transmit it to any
79. Assertion (A):The wave reflected from a other particle.
denser medium has a phase change of  from 86. Assertion (A): In the phenomena of
the incident wave. superposition, each wave propagates as if the
other wave were not present.
Reason(R): The rate of energy transfer by a
Reason(R): The superposition of waves is
wave is proportional to the frequency. valid only when the amplitude of the wave is
80. Assertion (A): A pulse traveling in one rope much less than the wave length and velocity
is reflected at the boundary with another rope. of the wave is much longer than the particle
If the reflected pulse is not inverted, then the velocity.
transmitted pulse is longer than the original 87. Assertion (A):A standing wave can be
pulse. produced even if the component waves have
Reason(R): The speed of a transverse wave different amplitude.
in an elastic stretched string is doubled if Reason(R): Only periodic waves can produce
extension in the string is quadrapled. interference.
81. Assertion (A): When a sound wave is 88. Assertion (A): Displacement node is a
pressure antinode.
propagating through the medium, the pressure
Reason(R): Standing waves can only be
fluctuations are  /2 out of phase with the
transverse.
displacements. 89. Two points P and Q have a phase difference
Reason(R): When a sound wave is of  when a traveling sine wave passes
propagating through the medium maximum through the region.
pressure deviation occurs at the positions of Assertion (A): P and Q move in opposite
zero displacement and no pressure change directions.
occur at the positions of maximum Reason(R): P oscillates at half the frequency
displacements. of Q.

NARAYANAGROUP 37
WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
90. Assertion (A): A transverse wave is traveling Reason(R): The ratio of modulus of elasticity
in a string. Equation of the wave is equal of to density for solids is much greater than that
shape of the string at an instant t. for gases.
Reason(R): At a point beats frequency of n 98. Assertion (A): Beats can be observed by two
Hz is observed. It means, at that point, zero light sources as in sound.
intensity is observed 2n times per second. Reason(R): To observe beats by two light
91. Assertion (A): In case of longitudinal sources, the phase difference between the
stationary wave, compressions and two sources should change regularly.
rarefractions are obtained in place of nodes 99. Assertion (A): When a vibrating tuning fork
& antinodes respectively. is placed on a sonometer, a large sound is
Reason(R): Two plane waves, one heard. Reason(R): It is due to resonance.
longitudinal and the other transverse having 100. Assertion (A): When the star approaches the
same frequency and amplitude are traveling earth, the spectral lines are shifted towards
in medium in opposite directions with same the blue end of the spectrum.
speed forms a stationary wave. Reason(R): It is due to Doppler effect.
92. Assertion (A): If all the particles of a string 101. Assertion (A): The change in frequency due
are oscillating in same phase, the string is to Doppler effect does not depend on
resonating in its fundamental tone. separation between the source and the
Reason(R): A sound wave is propagating observer.
through the medium, when the particle moves Reason(R): When a listener and sound source
in the opposite direction to the propagation are moving with the same velocity in the same
of the wave, it is in a region of rarefaction. direction, the apparent frequency as heard
93. Assertion (A): In longitudinal progressive by listener increases.
waves, when the particle is at the mean 102. Assertion (A): The Doppler effect can be
position, it is a region of maximum observed in case of light and sound, but
compression or rarefaction. Doppler effect formula for light differs from
that for sound.
Reason(R): In longitudinal progressive waves,
Reason(R): Light does not require a material
compressions and rare fractions travel
medium for its transmission whereas sound
forward along the wave.
requires medium for its transmission.
94. Assertion (A): In progressive waves, the
103. Assertion (A): In a standing wave, the
minimum distance between two particles
particles at nodes always remain in rest.
vibrating in phase is equal to the wavelength.
Reason(R): In a standing wave, all the
Reason(R): In progressive waves, all
particles cross their mean positions together.
particles have the same amplitude, frequency
104. Assertion (A): In a travelling wave, energy
and time period.
is transmitted from one region of space to
95. Assertion (A): The intensity of sound
other but in a standing wave the energy of
increases with increase in the density of the
one region is always confined that region.
medium. Reason(R): In a travelling wave, the phases
Reason(R): The sound heard is more intense of nearly particles are always different,
in carbon dioxide in comparison to air. whereas in a standing wave all particles
96. Assertion (A): The velocity of sound increases between two successive nodes move in phase.
with increase of temperature. 105. Assertion (A):Solids can support both
Reason(R): Sound wave travel through longer longitudinal and transverse waves, but only
distances during night than during day. longitudinal waves can propagate in gases.
97. Assertion (A): The velocity of sound is Reason(R): Solid possess elasticity of length
generally greater in solids than in gases at as well as shape, but gases possess only Bulk
NTP. modulus.

38 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES
106. Assertion (A): A driver under water is unable MATCH THE FOLLOWING
to hear the sound produced in air. 114. Match the following :
Reason(R): The sound produced in air List – I List – II
undergoes reflection at the water surface. In a stretched string % Change in frequency
107. Assertion (A): We need two ears to locate a) Length increases by 2% e) Decreases by 4%
the direction from which the sound is coming. b) Radius increases by 4% f) Increases by 4%
Reason(R): The phase difference between the c) Tension increases by 2% g)Decreases by 4%
sound reaching the two ears depends on the d) Density decreases by 2% h)Increases by 8%
I) Changes by 8%
direction and distance of source. The correct match is
108. Assertion (A): The sound waves do not exhibit 1) a-g, b-e, c-h, d-f 2) a-h, b-i, c-g, d-h
the property of polarization. 3) a-e, b-g, c-f, d-h 4) a-f, b-i, c-e, d-g
Reason(R): The sound waves do not have the 115. Match the following :
transverse nature. List – I List – II
109. Assertion (A): Two pulses are traveling along a) Resonance e)Law of conservation
a uniform string in opposite directions. One of energy
of them is inverted pulse when compared with b) Reflection f) Doppler effect is due
to change in wave length
the other in shape. There is no point clamped c) Source is in g) Doppler effect is due
between the pulses. Then they will have motion to number of waves
different speeds. reaching the observer
Reason(R): In a uniform string under a given d) Observer is h) Special case of
tension, wave speed of any pulse is same. in motion forced vibrations
110. Two waves in a string (all in SI units)are i) Reverberation
The correct match is
y1  0.6sin 10t  20 x  and y2  0.4sin 10t  20 x  .
1) a-e, b-h, c-g, d-i 2) a-f, b-g, c-e, d-h
kg 3) a-g, b-h, c-e, d-f 4) a-h, b-i, c-f, d-g
Mass per unit length of the string is 102 . 116. I represent intensity of sound wave, A the
m
Assertion (A): Stationary wave can be formed amplitude and r the distance from the source.
Then the match the following two comlumns.
by their superposition but net energy transfer Column - I Column - II
through any section will be non-zero. a) Intensity due to a p) Proportional to r 1/ 2
Reason(R): Their amplitudes are unequal. point source.
111. Assertion (A): When a longitudinal pressure b) Amplitude due to a q) Proportional to r 1
wave is reflected at the open end of an organ point source.
pipe, the compression pressure wave pulse
c) Intensity due to a line r) Proportional to r 2
becomes rarefraction pressure wave pulse source
during the reflection.
d) Amplitude due to a s) Proportional to r 4
Reason(R): The phase of the wave changes line source
by  when reflected at the open end. 1) a-r,b-q,c-q,d-p 2) a-p,b-q,c-r,d-s
112. Assertion (A): An open organ pipe of certain 3) a-q,b-q,c-s,d-r 4) a-s,b-p,c-q,d-r
length have the same fundamental frequency 117. Transverse waves are produced in a stretched
as closed organ pipe of half the length wire. Both ends of the string are fixed. Let
Reason(R): In the case of open organ pipe, us compare between second overtone mode(in
at both the ends antinodes are formed, while numerator) and fifth harmonic mode(in
in the closed organ pipe at one end antinode denominator). Match the following two
and at the other end node is formed columns.
113. Assertion (A) When a traveling wave is sent Column - I Column - II
along a particular string by oscillating one (a) Frequency ratio (p) 2/3
end, the speed of the wave will increase if we (b) Number of nodes ratio (q) 4/5
increase the frequency of oscillations. (c) Number of antinodes ratio (r) 3/5
Reason(R): If a traveling wave sent along a (d) Wavelength ratio (s) 5/3
1) a-r,b-p,c-r,d-s 2) a-q,b-p,c-s,d-s
particular string by oscillating its one end, it
3) a-r,b-s,c-q,d-p 4) a-s,b-p,c-r,d-p
is the wave length of the wave that decreases.

NARAYANAGROUP 39
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
118. A wave travels from a denser medium to rarer 121. A tuning fork ‘P’ of frequency 280 Hz produces
medium, then match the following two 6 beats/s with unknown tuning fork ‘Q’
columns. Column-I Column-II
A) P is waxed and P) Frequency of ‘Q’
Column - I Column - II number of beats is 286 Hz
(a) speed of wave (p) will increase decreases
(b) wavelength of wave (q) will decrease B) Q is filed and Q) Frequency of
(c) amplitude of wave (r) will remain constant numbered beats ‘Q’ is 274 Hz
(d)frequency of wave (s) may increase or decrease decreases
1) a  r; b  p; c  r; d  s 2) a  p; b  p; c  p; d  r C) P is filed and R) Frequency of‘Q’
number of beats is 272 Hz
3) a  r; b  s; c  q;d  p 4) a  s; b  p; c  r;d  p remains same
119. y-x graph of a transverse wave at a given D) ‘Q’ is filed and S) Frequency ‘Q’ is
instant is shown in figure. match the following number of beats 288 Hz
A B C D
two columns.
1) Q R S R
y 2) P P Q Q
3) P,Q Q,R R,S P
4) R,S Q,R S R
122. Match the following
B Column-I Column-II
x
A) Beats P) Ratio of harmonics is
1:2:3
A B) open organ pipe Q) Transverse stationary
waves
C) string stretched at R) Superposition of
Column - I Column - II both ends sound waves of nearly
(a) velocity of particle A (p) positive equal frequencies
(b) acceleration of particle A (q) negative D) closed organ pipe S) longitudinal stationary
(c) velocity of particle B (r) zero waves
(d) acceleration of particleB (s) cen’t tell T) Interference in time
A B C D
1) a-r,b-p,c-r,d-s 2) a-p,b-p,c-p,d-r
1) P,T P,S P,Q S
3) a-r,b-s,c-q,d-p 4) a-s,b-p,c-s,d-r 2) Q,R S,T R,S,T Q
120. Match the following 3) S,T Q,R,T P Q
Column-I Column-II 4) Q P,Q R,S T
A) Laplace equation P) humidity 123. A string of length 1m stretched at both ends
vibrating with frequency 300 Hz which is 3
p times the fundamental frequency
B) Newton equation Q)
d Column-I Column-II
C) Speed of R) Temperature 1
longitudinal wave A) Number of loops P) m
3
depends on S) isothermal process B) Number of antinodes Q) 200 Hz
C) Distance between R) 1st overtone
P two successive
T)
d antinodes
A B C D) 2nd harmonic S) 3
1) P Q S,T A B C D
1) Q R,S P,R Q,S
2) Q S,T P,R
2) T Q,R P S,T
3) P,Q R,S T 3) P,Q R,S P,R,T Q
4) Q,R P,Q,R R,S 4) S S P Q,R

40 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- I WAVES

MORE THAN ONE OPTION IS CORRECT 128. A wave y = Acos(  t – kx) passes through a
124. A string of length l is stretched along the x- medium. If v is the particle velocity and a is
axis and is rigidly clamped at x=0 and x=l. the particle acceleration then,
Transverse vibrations are produced in the a) y, v and a all are in the same phase
string. For nth harmonic which of the following b) y lags behind v by a phase angle of  /2
relations may represent the shape of the string c) a leads y by a phase angle of 
at any time 3
d) v leads a by a phase angle of
 n x  2
a) y  2Acost cos   1) a only correct 2) b and c are correct
 l  3) a, b, c are correct 4) b and d are correct
 n x  129. The equation of the standing wave in a string
b) y  2Asint cos   clamped at both ends, vibrating in its third
 l 
harmonic is given by
 n x  y  0.4sin  0.314 x  cos  600t 
c) y  2Acost sin  
 l  where, x and y are in cm and t in sec.
 n x  a) the frequency of vibration is 300 Hz
d) y  2Asint sin   b) the length of the string is 30 cm
 l  c) the nodes are located at x  0 , 10 cm, 30 cm
1) c only 2) c and d only 1) Only a is true 2) a, b are true
3) a only 4) a, b, c and d 3) b, c are true 4) a, b, c are true
125. In case of superposition of waves (at x=0), 130. The equation of a stationary wave in a string
y1=4sin(1026  t) and y2=2sin(1014  t)
a) the frequency of resulting wave is 510 Hz is y   4mm  sin  3.14m 1  x  cos t .
b) the amplitude of resulting wave varies at Select the correct alternative(s) :
frequency 3 Hz a) the amplitude of component waves is 2 mm
c)the frequency of beats is 6 per second b) the amplitude of component waves is 4mm
d) the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity c) the smallest possible length of string is 0.5 m
is 9 d) the smallest possible length of string is 1.0 m
The correct statements are 1) a, c are correct 2) b, c are correct
1) a, d 2) b, d 3) a, c, d 4) all 3) a, d are correct 4) all are correct
126. In case of stationary sound waves in air the
correct statement(s) is a/are CUQ - KEY
A) each air particle vibrates with the same 1) 3 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1 6) 1
amplitude 7) 1 8) 3 9) 4 10) 1 11) 3 12) 4
B) amplitude is maximum for some 13) 1 14) 2 15) 4 16) 3 17) 1 18) 1
particles and 19) 4 20) 4 21) 4 22) 2 23) 4 24) 1
minimum for some other particles 25) 4 26) 1 27) 4 28) 3 29) 4 30) 3
C) the particles do not execute periodic 31) 2 32) 4 33) 4 34) 2 35) 4 36) 2
motion 37) 2 38) 1 39) 4 40) 3 41) 3 42) 3
D) the particles do not vibrate at all 43) 2 44) 3 45) 1 46) 2 47) 4 48) 3
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) B & C 49) 4 50) 2 51) 4 52) 1 53) 3 54) 3
127. The tension in a stretched string fixed at both 55) 2 56) 1 57) 2 58) 2 59) 4 60) 3
ends is changed by 2%, the fundamental 61) 4 62) 4 63) 4 64) 4 65) 4 66) 1
frequency is found to get changed by 15 Hz. 67) 3 68) 4 69) 4 70) 2 71) 3 72) 4
a) wavelength of the string of fundamental 73) 1 74) 2 75) 2 76)2 77)3 78)2
frequency does not change 79)3 80)4 81)1 82)2 83)2 84)3
b) velocity of propagation of wave changes 85)3 86)2 87)3 88)3 89)3 90)2
by 2% 91)3 92)2 93)3 94)2 95)3 96)3
c) velocity of propagation of wave changes 97)1 98)1 99)1 100)1 101)3 102)1
by 1% 103)3 104)2 105)1 106)1 107)1 108)1
d) original frequency is 1500 Hz 109)4 110)1 111)1 112)2 113)4 114)1
1) c only correct 2) c and d are correct 115)4 116)1 117)1 118)2 119)4 120)2
3) a, c and d are correct 4) b and d are correct 121)2 122)1 123)4 124)2 125)1 126)2
127)3 128) 4 129)4 130)3

NARAYANAGROUP 41
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
4 The equation of displacement of two waves are
LEVEL - V
 π
given as y1 = 10 sin  3π t +  ;
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS  3
PROGRESSIVE WAVES
y2 = 5 sin 3π t + 3 cos 3π t  then what is the
1. Earthquakes generate sound waves inside
Earth. Unlike a gas, Earth can experience both ratio of their amplitudes
transvers (S) and longitudinal (P) sound waves. a) 1 : 2 b) 2 : 1 c) 1 : 1 d) 3:2
Typically, the speed of S, waves is about 4 km/ 5. A plane progressive wave has frequency 25Hz
s. A sesimograph records P and S waves from and amplitude 2.5 ×10−5 m and initial phase is
an earthquake. The first P waves arrive 3.0 zero propagates along the negative x-direction
min before the first S waves (figure). Assuming with a velocity of 300 m/s. The phase
the waves travel in a straight line, how far away difference between the oscillations at two
does the earthquake occur? points 6m apart along the line of propagation
(Y = 12.8 × 1010 pa, ρ earth = 2000kg / m3 )
is:
π π
earth

a) 1900 km b) 1440 km a) π b) c) 2π d)
c) 1800 klm c) 1200 km 2 4
2. Two particles of medium disturbed by the wave 6. A 100 Hz sinusoidal wave is travelling in the
propagation are at x1 = 0 and x2 = 1 cm. The positive x–direction along a string with a
respective displacement (in cm) of the particles linear mass density of 3.5 × 10–3 kg m–1 and
can be given by equations y1 = 2 sin 3 p t a tension of 35 N. At time t = 0, the point x = 0
π has zero displacement and the slope of the

y 2 = 2 sin  3πt −  wave velocity can be string is π / 20 . Then select the wrong
 2
alternative:
(A) 6 cm/s (B) 7 cm/s (C) 8 cm/s (D) 9 cm/s
a) velocity of wave is 100 m/s
3. The following fig. show a snapshot of a
(b) angular frequency is (200 π) rad/s
vibrating string at t = 0 . The particle P is
c)Amplitude of wave is 0.025 m
observed moving up with velocity 20 3 cm/s. d) propagation constant is (4π ) m −1
The tangent at P makes an angle of 600 with 7. Equation of a stationary and a travelling waves
the x-axis the equation of the wave is are as follows y1 = a sin kx cos ωt and
(in 10–3 m)
v y2 = a sin ( ωt − kx ) . The phase difference
4
π 3π
2 2 P 60° 5.5
between two points x1 = and x2 = is φ1 ,
1.5
x 3k 2k
0 3.5 7.5 (× 10–2 m) in the standing wave ( y1 ) and is φ2 in
φ1
travelling wave ( y2 ) , then ratio φ is
2
 π x 3π 
A) y = 0.4 sin  10π t − +  cm a) 1 b) 5/6 c) 3/4 d) 6/7
 2 4  8. The equation of a wave disturbance is given
 π x 3π   π 
B) y = 0.4 sin  10π t + +  cm as y = 0.02 sin  2 + 50πt  cos(10πx) where x and y
 2 4   
are in metres and t in seconds. Choose the
 π x 3π 
C) y = 0.4 cos  10π t + +  cm
correct statement(s)
 2 4  a) the wavelength of wave is 0.2 m
 π x 3π  b) displacement node occurs at x = 0.15 m
D) y = 0.4 cos  10π t − +  cm c) displacement antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m
 2 4 
d) the speed of constituent waves is 0.2 m/s
72 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
WAVE SPEED LONGITUDINAL/PRESSURE WAVES
9. Two vibrating strings of same length, same 14. The frequency of a man’s voice is 300 Hz and
cross section area and stretched to same its wavelength is 1 meter. If the wavelength
tension are made of material with densities of a child’s voice is 1.5 m, then the frequency
ρ and 2 ρ . Each string is fixed at both ends. of the child’s voice is:
If V1 and V2 are speeds transverse waves in a)200 Hz b) 150 Hz c) 400 Hz d) 350 Hz
the strings with densities ρ and 2 ρ 15. A sound wave of frequency 440 Hz is passing
through air. An O 2 molecule (mass = 5.3 x 10-
V1 26
kg) is set in oscillation with an amplitude of
respectively, then V is:
2 10-6 m. Its speed at the mean position of
1 oscillation is :
a) 1/2 b) 2 c) 2 d) a) 1.70 × 10 −5 m / s b) 17.0 × 10 −5 m / s
2
10. When an elastic cord (for which the tension is c) 2.76 ×10 −3 m / s d) 2.77 × 10 −5 m / s
proportional to the extension) of length l is 16. Figure shown is a graph, at a certain time t, of
stretched by 2l the speed of the transverse the displacement function S ( x, t ) of three
wave on it in V. If it is further stretched by sound waves 1,2 and 3 as marked on the curves
another l , the speed of the transverse wave that travel along x-axis through air. If P1, P2
on it will be and P3 represent their pressure oscillation
amplitudes respectively, then correct relation
 3 between them is:
a) 2 V b) 2 2 V c) 3 V d)  2  V λ1/2
  S
1 λ1
11.. A uniform rope of length l is hung from the
ceiling under its own weight the speed of the X
transverse pulse on it at a distance x from 3
the ceiling will be proportional to 2
λ3
a) x b) ( l − x ) c) x d) l − x
a) P1 > P2 > P3 b) P3 > P2 > P1
12. A 100 m long rod of density 10.0 x 104 kg/m3
c) P1 = P2 = P3 d) P2 > P3 > P1
and having Young’s modules Y = 1011 Pa, is
clamped at one end. It is hammered at the 17. A sound wave of wavelength 40cm travels in
other free end. The longitudinal pulse goes to air. If the difference between the maximum
and minimum pressures at a given point is
right end, gets reflected and again returns to
the left end. How much time, the pulse take to 1.0 × 10 −3 N / m 2 and the bulk modulus of air
go back to initial point. is 1.4 × 105 N / m 2 , the amplitude of vibration
a)0.1 sec b) 0.2 sec c) 0.3 sec d) 2 sec of the particles of the medium is nearly
13. A rope hangs from a rigid support. A pulse is a) 1.0 × 10 −10 m b) 2.2 × 10 −10 m
set by jiggling the bottom end. We want to
c) 3.3 × 10 −10 m d) 4.4 × 10 −10 m
design a rope in which velocity υ of pulse is
independent of z, the distance of the pulse from 18. The figure represents the displacement y
fixed end of the rope. If the rope is very long versus distance x along the direction of
the desired function for mass per unit length propagation of a longitude wave. The pressure
is maximum at position marked
µ (z) in terms of µ0 (mass per unit length of
the rope at the top (z = 0) is given by
gz gz
V
− +
a) µ (z) = µ e v2 b) µ ( z ) = µ e v2
P
R S
0 0 P Q R
 g   υ2 
+ 
c) µ ( z ) = µ0 log e  2  z d) µ ( z ) = µ e  gz 
  x
υ  0
a)P b)Q c)R d)S

NARAYANAGROUP 73
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
19. Two sound waves move in the same direction INTERFERENCE
in the same medium. The pressure oscillation 21. S1 & S2 are two coherent sources of sound
amplitudes of the waves are equal but the wave
length of the first wave is double that of having no initial phase differene. The velocity
second. Let the average power transmitted of sound is 330 m/s. No minima will be formed
across a cross section by first wave be P 1 and onthe line passing through S 2 and
that by second wave be P 2. Then
perpendicular to the joining S1 and S 2 , if the
a) P1 = P2 b) P1 =4P2 c) P2=2P1 d) P2=4P1
20. For a sound wave travelling towards +x frequency of both the source is:
direction, sinusoidal longitudinal displacement a) 50Hz b) 60 Hz c) 70 Hz d) 80 Hz .
22. Three sinusoidal waves have the same
ξ at a certain time is given as a function of x.
If Bulk modulus of air is B = 5 × 105 N / m 2 , the a a
frequency, but their amplitudes are a, ,
variation of pressure excess will be: 2 3
ξ
and their phase angles are 0, π / 2 and π
respectively. The equation of the resultant
10–4 m wave obtained by the superposition of these
three waves is given by
0 x(m)
a sin ( kx − wt + θ ) . Then tanθ =
0.1 0.2 0.3 5
–4
y =
10 m 6
(A) 4 / 3 (B) 3 / 4 (C) 1 / 3 (D) 1/ 4
Pex 23. Four waves are described by equations as
+ 2π × 10 Pa follow Y1 = A cos ( ωt − kx )
2

0 0.1 A  π
a) x(m) Y2 = cos  ωt − kx + 
0.2
2  2
– 2π × 10 Pa
2

A
Pex
Y3 = cos ( ωt − kx + π )
4
+ 5π × 10 Pa
2

A  3π 
Y4 = cos  ωt − kx + 
0 0.1
8  2 
b) x(m)
0.2 and their resultant wave is calculated as
– 5π × 10 Pa
2

Y = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + Y4 such as
Pex Y = A1 cos (ωt − kx + φ ) then………..(symbols
+ 2π × 10 Pa
2
have their usual meanings)
5A 1
c) 0 0.2
x(m) a) A =
1
φ = tan −1  
0.1 8 4
– 2π × 10 Pa
2

2 5A 1
b) A =
1
φ = tan −1  
Pex 8  3
+ 5π × 10 Pa
2

3 5A 1
c) A =
1
φ = tan −1  
0 0.2
8 2
d) x(m)
0.1
4 5A
–5π × 10 Pa d) A =
1
φ = tan −1 (1)
2

8
74 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
24. A string of length 0.4 m and mass 10–2 kg is The densities of steel and aluminium are
tightly clamped at its ends. The tension in the
7.8 g / cm3 and 2.6 g / cm3 respectively. The
string is 1.6 N. Identical wave pulses are
produced at one end at equal intervals of time frequency of first overtone of this composite
∆t . The minimum value of time interval, which wire with the joint as a node is nearly
allows constructive interference between a) 180Hz b) 240Hz c) 360Hz d) 480Hz
successive pulses, is: 31. The vibrations of string of length 60cm fixed
(a) 0.05 s (b) 0.10 s (c) 0.20 s (d) 0.40 s both ends are represented by the equations
y = 4sin (π x /15 ) cos ( 96π t ) where x and y
STATIONARY WAVES
25. A wire of length ‘l’ having tension T and radius’
r’ vibrates with fundamental frequency “f’. are in cm and t in s. The maximum displacement
Another wire of the same metal with length at x = 5 cm is
‘2l’ having tension 2T and radius 2 r will
a) 2 3 cm b) 4 cm c) zero d) 4 2 cm
vibrate with fundamental frequency:
f 32. A stretched string of length 1m fixed at both
f
a) f b) 2f c) d) 2 ends, having a mass 5 × 10−4 kg is under a
2 2 2
26. A string of length 1.5 m with its two ends tension of 20N. It is plucked at a point situated
clamped is vibrating in fundamental mode. at 25 cm from one end. The stretched string
Amplitude at the centre of the string is 4 mm. could vibrate with a frequency of
Distance between the two points having a) 512 Hz b) 100 Hz c) 200 Hz d) 256 Hz
amplitude 2 mm is:
a) 1m b) 75cm c) 60cm d) 50 cm 33. A piano wire having a diameter of 0.90 mm is
27. A 75 cm string fixed at both ends produces replaced by another wire of the same length
resonant frequencies 384 Hz and 288 Hz and material but with a diameter of 0.93 mm.
without there being any other resonant If the tension of the wire is kept the same,
frequency between these two. Wave speed for then the percentage change in the frequency
the string is : of the fundamental tone is nearly
a)144m/s b) 216 m/s c) 108 m/s d) 72 m/s
a) +3% b) +3.3 % c) -3.3% d) -3%
28. A string of length l is fixed at both ends. It is
vibrating in its 3rd overtone with maximum ORGAN PIPES
l 34. An open pipe is suddenly closed at one end
amplitude ‘a’. The amplitude at a distance with the result that the frequency of third
3
from one end is : harmonic of the closed pipe is found to be
3a higher by 100 Hz than the fundamental
a) a b) 0 c) d) a / 2 frequency of the open pipe. The fundamental
2
29. A chord attached about an end to a vibrating frequency of the open pipe is
fork divides it into 6 loops. When its t tension (A) 200 Hz (B) 300 Hz
is 36N. The tension at which it will vibrate in (C) 240 Hz (D)480 Hz.
4 loops when attached to same tuning fork is:
a) 24 N b) 36 N c) 64 N d) 81 N 35. An open pipe is in resonance in 2 nd harmonic
30. An aluminium wire of length 60cm is joined to with frequency f1. Now one end of the tube is
a steel wire of length 80 cm and stretched closed and frequency is increased to f2 such
between two fixed supports. that the resonance again occurs in nth
80 cm 60 cm harmonic. Choose the correct option:
Steel Aluminium 3 5
The tension produced is 40 N. The cross - (A) n = 3, f2 = f (B) n = 3, f2 = f
4 1 4 1
sectional areas of the steel and
5 3
aluminiumWires are 1.0 mm2 and 3.0 mm 2 (C) n = 5, f2 = f (D) n = 5, f2 = f
4 1 4 1
respectively.

NARAYANAGROUP 75
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
36. A closed organ pipe of length L and an open 40. A source of oscillations S is fixed to the
organ pipe contain gases of densities ρ1 and riverbed of a river with stream velocity υ . Two
receivers R1 and R2 are fixed also to the
ρ2 respectively. The compressibility of gases
are equal in both the pipes. Both the pipes are riverbed. If the source generates frequency
vibrating in thier first overtone with same f s , the frequencies received by receivers
frequency. The length of open organ pipe is : R1 and R2 are respectively f1 and f 2 then
1/2 1/2
4L  ρ  4L  ρ  L 4L
(A) 3  ρ  (B) 3  ρ2 
1
(C) (D) V
 2  1 3 3 Streamflow

BEATS R1 S R2

37. There is a set of four tuning forks, one with

lowest frequency vibrating at 550 Hz. By using (A) f1 = f 2 = f s (B) f1 > f s , f 2 > f s
any two tuning forks at a time, the following (C) f1 < f s , f 2 < f s (D) f1 > f s , f 2 < f s
beat frequencies are heard: 1,2,3,5,7,8. The
41. An observer is moving along positive x-axis
possible frequencies of the other three forks
from the origin. One tuning fork moves away
are:
from the observer while other moves towards
a) 552, 553, 560 b) 557, 558, 560
it at the same speed and with same natural
c) 552, 553, 558 d) 551, 553, 558
frequency f. The velocity of sound in air is V.
38. A vibrating string of certain length l under a
tension T resonates with a mode If observer hears the beat of frequency f0 ,
corresponding to the first overtone of an air find the speed of the tuning fork moving away
column of length 75 cm inside a tube closed at from observer relative to the observer
one end. The string also generates 4 beats per Vf V ( f − f0 )
second when excited along with a tuning fork (A) 2 f (B) 2 f0
of frequency n. Now when the tension of the 0

string is slightly increased the number of beats V ( f − f0 ) Vf 0

reduces to 2 per second. Assuming the velocity (C) (D)
f0 2f
of sound in air to be 340 m/s, the frequency n
of the tuning fork in Hz is 42. A siren placed at a railway platform is emitting
(A) 344 (B) 336 (C) 117.3 (D) 109.3 sound of frequency 5 kHz. A passenger sitting
in a moving train A records a frequency of 5.5
DOPPLER EFFECT kHz, while the train approaches the siren.
39. In the figure shown a source of sound of During his return journey in a different train
frequency 510Hz moves with constant velocity B he records a frequency of 6.0 kHz while
Vs = 20m / s in the direction shown. The wind approaching the same siren. The ratio of the
velocity of train B to that train A is
is blowing at a constant velocity Vw = 20m / s
242 5 11
towards an observer who is at rest at point B. (A) (B) 2 (C) (D)
252 6 6
Corresponding to the sound emitted by the
43. A wall is moving with velocity u and a source
source at initial position A, the frequency
detected by the observer is equal to (speed of u
of sound moves with velocity in the same
sound relative to air = 330 m/s) 2
direction as shown in the figure. Assuming that
y a) 510Hz
V the sound travels with velocity 10u. The ratio
of incident sound wavelength on the wall of
the reflected sound wavelength by the wall, is
b) 500 Hz
V
equal to
x
A y u
c) 525 Hz a) 9:11 b) 11:9
u/2
S
d) 550 Hz c) 4:5 d) 5:4

76 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 51. Choose the correct option (s) regarding beats
44. A wave is represented by the equation (A) beats are periodic variations in the intensity of
y = (0.001 mm) sin [(50 s-1)t + (2.0 m-1)x] sound
(A) The wave velocity = 100 m/s (B) to produce beats two sound waves of nearly
(B) The wavelength = 2.0 m equal frequencies travel in same direction
(C) The frequency = 25/ π Hz (C) One loud sound followed by faint sound form
(D) The amplitude = 0.001 mm one beat.
45. An electrically maintained tuning fork vibrates (D) beats can heard if difference between two
with constant frequency and constant frequencies is small and not more than ten.
amplitudes. If the temperature of the
surrounding air increases but pressure 52. Two source of intensities I 0 and 4I 0 are used
remains constant, the sound produced will for interference experiment. Due to super
have position the resulting intensity can be
(A) Larger wavelength (B) Larger frequency
(C) Larger velocity (D) Larger time period (A) 9I0 (B) 4.5I 0 (C) 5I0 (D) 4I 0
46. As a wave propagates : 53. A listener is at rest with respect to the source
(A) the wave intensity remains constant for a plane of sound. A wind starts blowing along the line
wave joining the source and the observer. Which of
(B) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse of the following quantities do not change ?
the distance from the source for a spherical wave (A) Frequency (B) Velocity of sound
(C) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse (C) Wavelength (D) Time period
square of the distance from the source for a 54. Two identical straight wires are streched so
spherical wave as to produce 6 beats/sec when vibrating
(D) total intensity of the spherical wave over the simultaniously. On changing the tension
spherical surface centered at the source remains
slightly in one of them, the beat frequency
constant at all times
0.8
remains unchanged. Denoting by T1 and
47. Y (x, t) = [(4 x + 5t )2 + 5] represents a moving T2 the higher and lower initial tension in
pulse where x and y are in meters and in t the strings, then it could be said that while
second. Then making the above changes in tension :
(A) pulse is moving in negative x-direction
(B) in 2 s it will travel a distance of 2.5 m (A) T2 was decreased (B) T2 was increased
(C) its maximum displacement is 0.16 m (C) T1 was decreased (D) T1 was increased
(D) pulse is moving in positive x-direction
48. An air column in a pipe, which is closed at one COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
end, will be in resonance with a vibrating Passage-1
tuning fork of frequency 264 Hz, if the length A string of mass m is fixed at both ends. It is excited
of the column in cm is to vibrate in its fundamental mode, the equation of
(A) 31.25 (B) 62.50 (C) 93.75 (D) 12.5
the stationary wave being y = A sin kx sin (ωt + π / 4 )
49. Velocity of sound in air is 320 m/s. a pipe closed
at one end has a length of 1 m. Neglecting end 55. The amplitude of oscillation of a point on the
corrections, the air column in the pipe can string which is at a distance of one – third of
resonate for sound of frequency: the length of the string from one of the fixed
(A) 80 Hz (B) 240Hz (C) 320 Hz (D) 400 Hz ends is
50. Standing waves can be produced : A
A 3A
(A) on a string clamped at both ends a) A b) c) d)
(B) on a string clamped at one end and free at 2 2 2
the other 56. The minimum time after t = 0 at which the
(C) when incident wave gets reflected from a kinetic energy of the string is maximum is
wall
(D) when two identical waves with a phase π π 3π 2π
a) b) c) d)
difference of p are moving in the same direction ω 4ω 4ω 3ω
NARAYANAGROUP 77
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
57. The maximum kinetic energy of the string is 63. The upper end and the lower end of the tube
1 are respetively
b) mA ω
2 2
a) mA2ω 2 a) open-closed b) closed-open
2 c) open-open d) closed-closed
1 1 64. Equation of the standing wave in terms of
c) mA ω d) mA ω
2 2 2 2

4 8 excess pressure is ___ (Bulk modulus of air

Passage II B = 5 × 105 N / m 2 )
Two waves are described by the equations : 2π
a) Pex = (125π N / m 2 ) sin ( y + 1cm ) cos 2π ( 400t )
y1 = A cos(0.5πx − 100πt) 80
2π
and y 2 = A cos(0.46πx − 92πt) b) Pex = (125π N / m ) cos ( y + 1cm ) sin 2π ( 400t )
2

80
here x and y are in m and t is in s.
2π
58. The number of maxima heard in one second c) Pex = ( 225π N / m 2 ) sin ( y + 1cm ) cos 2π ( 200t )
80
will be
2π
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1 d) Pex = ( 225π N / m 2 ) cos ( y + 1cm ) sin 2π ( 200t )
59. The speed of the higher frequency waveform 80
is 65. Assume end correction approximately equals
(A) 200m/s (B) 180m/s (C) 140m/s (D)120m/s to (0.3) x (diameter of tube), estimate teh
60. Find the number of times y1 + y2 becomes zero approximate number of moles of air present
per second, at x=0. inside the tube ( Assume tube is at NTP, and
(A) 96 (B) 48 (C) 192 (D) 100 at NTP, 22.4 litre contains 1 mole)
Passage-III: 10π 10π
A string whose ends are tied to the walls are (A) (B)
36 × 22.4 18 × 22.4
separated by a distance of 120 cm. waves
produced on such a string travel back and forth 10π 10π
(C) (D)
between the walls and standing waves are set up. 72 × 22.4 60 × 22.4
It is found that the points on the string at which Passage - V
displacement amplitude is 3.5 mm are separated Two trains A and B are moving with speeds 20 m/
by 15 cm s and 30 m/s respectively in the same direction on
61. The string is oscillating in the same straight track, with B ahead of A. The
a) 3rd harmonic b) 4th harmonic engines are at the front ends. The engine of trains A
c) 2nd harmonic d) 1st harmonic blows a long whistle.
62. The maximum displacement amplitude is
Intensity

a) 3.5 mm b) 3.5 2mm

3.5
c) mm d) D) 7mm
2 f1 f2 Frequency

Passage IV Assume that the sound of the whistle is composed

In an organ pipe (may be closed or open) of 99 of components varying in frequency from f1 = 800
cm length standing wave is setup, whose equation Hz to f2 = 1120 Hz, as shown in the figure.
is given by longitudinal displacement The spread in the frequency (highest frequency –
lowest frequency) is thus 320 Hz. The speed of
2π
ξ = ( 0.1mm ) cos ( y + 1cm ) cos 2π ( 400 ) t sound in still air is 340 m/s.
80 66. The speed of sound of the whistle is
Where y is measured from the top of the tube in (A) 340 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for
centimeters and it in t second. passengers in B.
(B) 360 m/s for passengers in A and 310 m/s for
passengers in B.
y (C) 310 m/s for passengers in A and 360 m/s for
passengers in B.
(D) 340 m/s for passengers in both the trains.

78 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
67. The distribution of the sound intensity of the 71. The maximum and minimum pressure at the
whistle as observed by the passengers in train closed end of the pipe are respectively
A is best represented by (A) P0 + ∆ P0 , P0 − ∆ P0
∆ P0 ∆P
(B) P0 + , P0 − 0
Intensity

2 2
(A) (C) P0 − ∆ P0 , P0 − 2 ∆ P0 (D) P0 , P0
f1 f2 Frequency Passage - VII
A long wire PQR is made by joning 2 wires PQ
Intensity

and QR of equal radii. PQ has a length 4.8 m and

mass 0.06 kg, QR has length 2.56 m and mass
(B) 0.20kg. Wire PQR is under tension of 80 N. A
f1 f2 Frequency sinusoidal wave pulse of amplitude 3.5 cm is sent
along the wire PQ from end P. No power is
dissipated during propagation of wave pulse.
Intensity

72. Find the speed of wave in wire PQ:

(C) (A) 80 m/sec (B) 75 m/sec
(C) 60m/sec (D) 70m/sec
f1 f2 Frequency 73. Find the time taken by wave pulse to reach
from P to R
(A) 0.10sec (B) 0.12 sec
Intensity

(C) 0.14sec (D) 0.16sec

(D) 74. Find the amplitude of reflected wave pulse
f1 f2 Frequency after the incident wave pulse crosses the
joint Q :
68. The spread of frequency as observed by the (A) 1.5 cm (B) 1.25cm
passengers in train B is (C) 1.75cm (D) 2.0cm
(A) 310 Hz (B) 330 Hz (C) 350 Hz (D) 290 Hz.
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
Passage - VI
75. The figure shows a string at a certain moment
The air column in a pipe closed at one end is made
as a transverse wave passes through it. Three
to vibrate in its second overtone by a tuning fork of
particles A, B and C of the string are also
frequency 440Hz. the speed of the sound in air is
shown. Match the physical quantities in the
330 m/s. end corrections may be neglected. Let
left column with the description in the column
P0 denote the mean pressure at any point in the on the right.
pipe and ∆P0 the maximum aplitude of pressure A
B
variation then
69. The amplitude of pressure variation at the C
middle of the column is Column A Column B
∆p0 ∆p0 ∆p0 ∆p0 (A) Velocity of A (P) Downwards, if the
(A) (B) (C) (D) wave is travelling
2 3 2 3
towards right
70. The maximum and minimum pressure at the (B) Acceleration of A (Q) Downwards, if the
open end of the pipe are respectively wave is travelling
P0 P0 towards left
(A) Po,Po (B) ,
2 2 (C) Velocity of B (R) Downwards, no
matter which way
P0
(C) 2 P0 , 2 P0 (D) P0 , the wave is travelling
2 (D) Velocity of C (S) Zero.

NARAYANAGROUP 79
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
76. Match the following : Column B
Column A (P) 255 Hz (Q) 1 : 1 (R) 442 Hz (S) 2 : 1
(A) Stiff string has N segments 79. T1 and T2 are higher and lower tensions in
(B) Open pipe of smaller diameter two identical strings stretched to produce n
(C) Closed pipe beats per second when vibrating
(D) String one end connected to rigid simultaniously. The beat frequncy remains
boundry and other end is free unchanged when tension is slightly changed
Column B in one of them. If the beat frequency remains
v unchanged, match the options of the two
(P) All harmonic of exist
2l columns :
v
(Q) Fundamental frequency, ν = Column-I Column-II
2l
(A) T1 is (P) Increased
2l
(R) Wave length = (B) T2 is (Q) Decreased
N
(S) Odd harmonics are only available (C) [(T 1 – T2)/2] is
(when T2 is constant)
( l = length of string / pipe, v = velocity of wave)
77. Match the appropriate condition in Column-I (D) [(T1 – T2)/2 is
with Column-II (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4………..) (when T2 is constant)
Column – I 80. Three stars x,y and z have slightly different
(A) Constructive interference
(B) Destructive interference temperatures Tx , Ty and Tz respectively. All
(C) Maximum intensity (D) Minimum intensity stars are receding from the earth with speeds
78. A source of sound in moving along a circular Vx , V y and Vz repectively relative to the earth.
orbit of radius 3 m with angular velocity of
They radiate the maximum energy at the same
10 rad s–1. A sound detector located for away
wavelength of the light. Match the options of
is executing linear SHM with amplitude 6 m
the following columns :
on line BCD as shown. The frequency of
5 Column-I Column-II
detector for oscillation is   per second. The
π
  (A) Vy > Vx (P) Tx > Ty > Tz
source is at A when detector at B at t = 0. (B) Vx > Vz (Q) Tx < Ty < Tz
Source emits a continuous sound wave of (C) Vx = Vz (R)
frequency 340 Hz. (velocity of sound = 330 ms–
1
). Match the column A with B. (T is time (D) Vy > Vz (S)
period of oscillation). ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
N (A) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is True;
Statement – 2 is a correct explanation for
M Statement – 1.
A B C D
(B) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is True;
P Statement – 2 is NOT a correct explanation
Column A for Statement – 1.
(A) The frequency of sound recorded by the (C) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is False.
detector at t = 3T/4 (D) Statement – 1 is False, Statement – 2 is True.
(B) The frequency of sound recorded by the 81. STATEMENT – 1 : The basic of Laplace
detector at t = T/4 correction was the exchange of heat between
(C) The ratio of the time period of source and the the region of compression and rarefaction in
detector air is not possible. because
(D) Maximum velocity of detector maximum STATEMENT – 2 : Air is a bad conductor of
velocity of source heat and velocity of sound in air is large.
80 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
82. STATEMENT – 1 : The velocity of sound in 89. Statement – 1: Two tuning forks having
air, at constant temperature, does not depend frequency 410 Hz and 524 Hz are kept close
on the ambient pressure. and made to vibrate. Beats will not be heard.
because Statement – 2 : Sound waves superimpose only
STATEMENT – 2 : This is a consequence of when the frequencies of superposing waves are
the fact that the velocity of sound is a function equal or nearly equal.
P 90. Statement-1 : Two sound waves of equal
of the ratio but as P increases, ρ increases
ρ intensity I produced beats. The maximum
by the same factor at constant temperature. intensity of sound produced in beats is 4I.
83. STATEMENT – 1 :speed of sound in air was Statement-2 : If two waves of amplitudes a1
found wrong because, he assumed process as and a 2 superpose, the maximum amplitude of
isothermal. the resultant wave = a1 + a2.
because INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
STATEMENT – 2 : Flow of sound wave in a
medium is very fast. Quick process suppress 91. Transverse wave is propagating in a string.
heat exchange, hence this process must be Tension in the string becomes twice to the
adiabatic in nature. initial tension. Simultaneously, area of cross-
84. STATEMENT – 1 : If an observer places his action of the string is increased so that there
ear at the end of a long steel pipe, he can hear is no change in speed of the wave. Initial cross-
two distinct sounds, when a workman hammers section area is A0 . Final cross-section area is
the other end of the pipe.
because KA0 . Find the value of K
STATEMENT – 2 : Longitudinal as well as 92. A cylindrical tube, open at both ends, has a
transverses wave can be propagated in steel. fundamental frequency ν . The tube is dipped
85. STATEMENT – 1 : Soldiers are asked to vertically in water so that half of its length is
break steps while crossing the bridge to avoid inside the water, find ratio of new fundamental
resonance situation. frequency to old fundamental frequency ?
because 93. A guiter string is 90 cm long and has a
STATEMENT – 2 : When frequency of two fundamental frequency of 124 Hz. It is pressed
oscillating system are equal, their amplitude at a distance 10x cm from one end to produce
of vibration become very high.
a fundamental frequency of 186Hz. Find the
86. STATEMENT – 1 : When standing waves are
produced in a closed organ pipe, the pressure value of x.
at the closed end is a constant. 94. A 20 cm long string, having a mass of 1.0 g, is
because fixed at both the ends. The tension in the string
STATEMENT – 2 : The closed end is 0.5 N. The string is set into vibrations using
corresponds to a node and hence the pressure an external vibrator of frequency 100 Hz. Find
is constant. the separation (in cm) between the successive
87. STATEMENT – 1 : In the case of stationary nodes on the string.
wave, a person hear a loud sound at the nodes 95. When two progressive waves y1=4sin(2x- 6t)
as compared to the antinodes. because
 π
STATEMENT – 2 : In a stationary wave all and y 2 = 3sin  2x − 6t −  are superimposed.
the particles of the medium vibrate in phase.  2
88. Statement – 1: In case of beats, intensity of Find amplitude of resulting wave.
sound at some positions in space remains 96. The average power transmitted across a cross-
maximum and at others, it remains minimum section by two sound waves moving in the
Statement – 2: Beat are formed due to same direction are equal. The wave lengths
superposition of sound waves of unequal of two sound waves are in the ratio of 1:2, then
frequencies. find the ratio of their pressure amplitudes.

NARAYANAGROUP 81
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
97. The string fixed at both ends has standing 102. A transverse wave is travelling in a string at
wave nodes for which distance between any moment a small element ' dx ' is at
adjacent nodes is x1. The same string has
another standing wave nodes for which inclination 30o with the direction of
distance between adjacent nodes is x2. If l is propagation of the wave. After some time
interval its inclination Changes to 60o with
x2 l
the length of the string, then x = ( l + 2 x ) . direction of propagation. Potential energy of
1 1
this small element is initially U 0 and finally it
What is the difference in number of the loops
in the two cases? is K . U 0 find the value of K
98. Two vibrating strings of the same material but 103. A stretched string is fixed at both ends. When
of lengths L and 2L have radii 2r and r it is vibrating in the fundamental mode the
respectively. They are stretched under the maximum kinetic energy of the string is E1 and
same tension. Both the strings vibrate in their amplitude at anti-node is A1 . When it is
fundamental modes, the one of length L with
vibrating in the 3rd harmonic, the maximum
frequency ν1 and the other with frequency kinetic energy of the string is E2 and amplitude
ν1 at anti-node is A2 . If E1 = E2 Find A1 / A2
ν 2 . Find the ratio ν 104. A motor car moving away from a cliff with a
2

99. The ends of a stretched wire of length L are velocity of 90 kmph sounds the horn and the
fixed at x = 0 and x = L. In one experiment the echo is heard after 20 seconds. Assuming the
velocity of sound in air to be 335 ms −1 , if the
 πx 
displacement of the wire is y1 = A sin   distance between the car and cliff when the
 L 
horn is sounded is (P+ 0.1)Km, then P value is
sinω t and energy is E 1 and in other
experiment its displacement is y2 = A sin LEVEL-V - KEY
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
 2πx 
  sin(2ω t) and energy is E2 = mE1 .Find 1) B 2) A 3) A 4) C 5) A 6)D 7) D
 L 
the value of ‘m’ 8) D 9) C 10) A 11) B 12) B 13) A 14) A
15) C 16) B 17) B 18) C19) A 20) D
0.8
100. Y (x, t) = [(4x + 5t)2 + 5] represents a moving 21) A 22) B 23) C 24) B 25) C 26) A 27) A
28) C 29) D 30) C31) A 32) C 33) C 34) A
pulse in a material medium, where x and y are
35) C 36) A 37) D 38) A 39)C 40) A 41) D
in metres and t in second. The maximum
displacement of medium particle in 42) B 43) A
transporting energy of pulse is MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
(N X 0.08) m.Find N. 44) C,D 45) A,C 46) A,C,D
101. Transevers wave is propagating in a string. 47) A,B,C 48) A,C 49) A,B,C
Tension in the string is increased to twice the 50) A,B,C 51) A,B,C,D 52) A,B,C,D
initial tension. Simultaceonly, area of 53) A,D 54) B, C
crossection of the string is increased so that COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
there is no change in speed of the wave. Intial
55) D 56) C 57) C 58) A 59) A 60) A 61) B
crossection area is A0 Final crossection area 62) B 63) A 64) A 65) B 66) B 67) A 68) A
is KA0 , Value of K is 69) A 70) A 71) A 72) A 73) C 74) A

82 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS ⇒ ω = 2π f = 10π
75) A-P; B-R; C-Q; D-S 2π 2π π
76) A-P,Q,R; B-P,Q,R; C-S ; D-S K= = = cm−1
λ 4 2
77) A-Q,R; B-P,S; C-Q,R; D-P,S
2 2
78) A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S at t = 0, x = 0, y = 2 2 × 10−3 m = cm
79) A-Q; B-P; C-Q; D-P 10
80) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-P 2 2
⇒ × 4 × 10−1 sin (φ )
ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS 10
81) A 82) A 83) A 84) B 85) A 86)D 87) C 2 2 1 π 3π
88) D 89)C 90)A ⇒ × 4 × 10−1 sin (φ ) ⇒ φ or ,
10 2 4 4
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
3π
91) 2 92) 1 93) 6 94) 5 95) 5 96) 1 taking at x = 1.5, t = 0 y = 0 ⇒ φ
97) 2 98) 1 99) 4 100) 2 101) 2 102) 9 4
103) 3 104) 3  π x 3π 
⇒ y = 0.4 sin  10π t − + 
LEVEL-V - HINTS  2 4 

SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 04. y2 = 5 sin 3π t + 3 cos 3π t 

01. Vs = 4km / sec  π  π
= 5 1 + 3 sin  3π t +  = 10 sin  3π t + 
y 12.8 × 1010  3  3
VP = =
ρ 2000 So, A1 = 10 and A2 = 10
= 8000m / sec = 8km / sec 2π
05. ∆φ = × ∆x
l l λ
− = 3min = 3 × 60sec
Vs Vp T 35 v
06. v = µ = 3.5 × 10−3 = 100 m / s , λ = = 1 m
l l f
− = 3 × 60 ; l = 1440 km
4 8 2π
∴ k= = (2π )m −1
λ
2π
02. ∆φ = ( ∆x ) and ω = v × k = (200π) rad / s
λ
at x = 0, vp = maximum
π 2π
= (1) ⇒ λ = 4cm ; v = f λ = 6cm−1 particle velocity = wavevelocity × slope
2 λ
slope × wave velocity
dy dy ∴ A=
03. v p = −v , = tan 60 = 3 ω
dx dx
 π 
v p = −v 3 ⇒ P is moving along upward direction   × (100)
= 
20
= 0.025 m
⇒ wave must be travelling along negative x 20π
direction 07. x1 and x2 are in successive loops of std. waves.
The equation of the wave is
So φ1 = π and
y = A sin (ωt − Kx + φ )
 3π π  7π φ1 6
20 3 φ2 = K ( ∆x ) = K  − = = =
A = 4 × 10−3 m, v = = 20cms −1  2 K 3K  6 φ2 7
3 08. From the given expression for y :
0.2 amplitude A = 0.02 n
λ = 4 ×10−2 m = 4cm ; f = 4 ×10−2 5 Hz angular frequency ω = 50π rad / s

NARAYANAGROUP 83
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
and wave number k = 10 πm−1 17. ∆P = BAk
ω 50π dy dy
Now wave speed v = =
k 10π
=5m/s 18. P = − B At R, is most negative,
dx dx
Therefore, option (D) is wrong. So pressure is maximum.
π 3π
Displacement node occurs at 10πx = ,
2 2
etc 20. ξ = A sin ( kx − ωt )
Or dξ
1 3 Pex = − B = − BAk cos ( kx − ω t )
x= , or x = 0.05m and 0.15 m dx
20 20
Displacement antinode occurs at amplitude of Pex = − BAk
10πx = 0, π,2π, 3π etc.  2π 
or x = 0, 0.1 m, 0.2 m and 0.3 m = ( 5 × 105 )(10 −4 )   = 5π × 10 Pa
2

 0.2 
λ = 2 (distance between two consecutive nodes
or antinodes) So correct ans is D
= 2 (0.1) = 0.2 m λ
09. Velocity of transverse wave in a string 21. For minimum, ∆x = ( 2n − 1)
2
T The maximum possible path difference = distance
= i.e
Aρ between the sources = 3m.
For no minimum
V1 ρ2 2ρ
V p = cons tan t ⇒ = = = 2 λ V 330
V2 ρ1 ρ > 3; λ < 6 ∴ f = < = 55
2 λ 6
Y 1011
12. Vs = = = 103 m / sec ∴ If f < 55 Hz , no minimum will occur..
ρ 10.0 × 104
22. If y1 = a sin ( kx − ωt )
2l 2 × 100
t= = = 0.2 sec
V 1000 a
y2 = sin ( kx − ωt + π / 2 )
13. (T + dT) + µ gdz − T = 0 ; dT = - µ gdz 2
also T = µυ 2 a
y3 = sin ( kx − ω t + π )
As υ is independent of z 3
d υ = 0; dT = υ 2 d µ a/3
From equation (1) and (2), we get
dµ g z −  g / υ  z
µ∫ = − 2 ∫ dz ;
2
A a/2
µ υ 0 µ = µo e  

θ
14. f1D 1 = f 2 D 2
a
( 300 )(1) = ( f 2 )(1.5) ; 200Hz = f 2
a/2
15. Vmax = ωn A ⇒ Tanθ = = 3/4
2a / 3
= ( 2π F ) A = ( 2π )( 440 ) (10−6 ) 23. use super position of waves
24. Mass per unit length of the string,
= 2.76 ×10 −3 m / sec
10–2
 2π  1 m= = 2.5 × 10–2 kg/m
16. P0 = B. K .S 0 = B  D  S0 ⇒ P0 α D . 0.4
 
∴ Velocity of wave in the string,
Thus pressure amplitude is highest for minimum
wavelength, other parameters B and S0 being same T 1.6
=
D 3 < D 2 < D1 v=
m 2.5 × 10–2

84 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
v = 8 m/s
For constructive interference between successive

2l (2)(0.4) = 0.10 s
pulses : Dtmin= =
v 8
(After two reflections, the wave pulse is in same l
phase as it was produced, since in one reflection
its phase changes by p and if at this moment next For
identical pulse is produced, then constructive  3
4π
interference will be obtained.) = a.sin 3 cos ωt = − a.   cos ωt
 2 
1 T
25. f = l
2l µ 3a
i.e, at x = ; the amplitude is
If radius is doubled and length is doubled, mass 3 2
per unit length will become four times, hence 29. For waves along a string : υα T ⇒ Dα T

f1 =
1 2T
=
f Now, for 6 loops : 3D 1 = L ⇒ D 1 = L / 3
2 × 2l 4 µ 2 2
& for 4 loops : 2D 2 = L ⇒ D 2 = L / 2
26. λ = 2l = 3m
Equation of standing wave ( As x=0 is taken as a D1 2 9 9
⇒ = ⇒ T2 = × T1 = × 36 = 81N
node) D2 3 4 4
y = 2 A sin kx cos ω t ; y= A as amplitude is 2A
1 T
A = 2A sin kx 30. n =
2l µ
2π π 1
x = ⇒ x1 = m and
D 6 4 31. So y will be maximum when cos ( 96π t ) =max=1
2π π π ymax = 2 3cm at x = 5
.x = + ⇒ x2 = 1.25m ⇒ x2 − x1 = 1m
D 2 3
32. At 25 cm, there will be antinode.
nv
27. 384 = − − − − − (1) So wire will vibrate in two loops
2l
2 T ×l T 20
mv v= or v = =
288 = − − − − − ( ii ) 2l M Ml 5 × 10−4 × 1
2l
= 4 ×104 Hz = 200 Hz
 n   4
from equation (i) and (ii)   =  
 m  3 1 T 1
33. v = or vα
So, n = 4From equation (i) Dl π d D
4v 10v  v1   30 
384 = = Now  v − 1 × 100 =  31 − 1 ×100 = −
100
= −3.2
2× 3 / 4 3     31
v = 144 m/s
v
28. For a string vibrating in its nth 34. Fundamental frequency of open pipe is f0 =
2l
overtone ( ( n = 1) hormonic )
th
  v
Third harmonic of the closed pipe fc = 3  4l 
 
 ( n + 1) π x 
y = 2 A  cos ωt v v v
 L  Given: 3 = + 100 or, = 200 Hz
4l 2l 2l

NARAYANAGROUP 85
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

v 43. λi = Wavelength of the incident sound

35. f1 = ; (2nd harmonic of open pipe)
l
u
 v 10u −
f2 = n  4l  ; (nth harmonic of closed pipe) = 2 = 19u
 
f 2f
Here, n is odd and f2 > f1
It is possible when n = 5 f1 = Frequency of teh incident sound
  5 v 5
10u − u
Because with n = 5; f2 = 4  l  = 4 f1 = f =
18
f = fr =
  u
10u − 19
V   V  2
36. fc = f0 3 c  = 2  0 
 4L  Frequency of the reflected sound
 2 L0 
λr = Wavelength of the reflected sound
4  V0  4  ρ1 
on solving L0 = 3  V  L = 3 L  ρ  10u + u 11u 11× 19 u
= = × 19 = .
 c  2 fr 18 f 18 f
37. To get beat frequency 1,2,3,5,7,8, it is possible
λi 19u 18 f 9
when other three tuning fork have frequencies 551, = × =
553, 558, etc.., λr 2 f 11× 19u 11
38. With increases in tension, frequency of vibrating
MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS
string will increases, since number of beats are
decreasing. Therefore frequency of vibrating string 2π ω
44. (C,D); ω = 50 ; = 2, A = 0.001 mm . v =
or third harmonic frequency of closed pipe should λ K
be less than the frequency of tuning fork by 4.
γP
V   340  45. (A,C); ν = and ν = f λ
∴ 3  + 4 = 3 + 4 = 344 Hz ρ
 4l   4 × 0.75 
46. (A, C, D); For a plane wave intensity (energy
39. Apparent frequency
crossing per unit area per unit time) is constant at

n' = n
( u + vw ) all points.

(u + vw − vs cos 600 ) 1 2

510 ( 330 + 20 )
=
330 + 20 − 20 cos 600
350
= 510 × = 525 Hz
340 1 2
But for a spherical wave intensity at a distance r
 V + V0   V − V0  from a point source of power P (energy transmitted
41. f1 − f 2 = f 0 ;  V − V  f −  V + V  f = f0
 s   s  per unit time) is given by

f 0 2 f (Vs + V0 ) Vf0 S
= ; (Vs − V0 ) =
f V 2f
 v + v1   v + v2  l
42. f1 = 5.5 = f 0   ; f2 = 6 = f0  
 v   v  S
v - velocity of sound
v1 - velocity of A ; v2 - velocity of B r
v2 P 1
On solving v = 2 I=
4 πr 2
or I α
r2
1

86 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
47. (A, B, C); The shape of pulse x = 0 and t = 0 48. (AC); For closed organ pipe,
would be as shown, in figure (A).  v nv
f = n  4l  where, n = 1, 3, 5 …; ∴ l = 4 f
0.8  
y (0, 0) = = 0.16 m
5 (1)(330)
y For n = 1, l1 = 4 × 264 × 100 cm = 31.25 cm
For n = 3, l3 = 3l1 = 93.75 cm
0.16m
For n = 5, l5 = 5l1 = 156.25 cm
49. (ABC); For closed pipe.
 v
f = n  4l  n = 1, 3, 5 …..
–x 0 x  
t = 0 (a)
v 320
From the figure it is clear that ymax = 0.16 m For n = 1, f1 = 4l = 4 × 1 = 80 Hz
Pulse will be symmetric For n = 3, f3 = 3f1 = 240 Hz
(Symmetry is checked about ymax) if at t = 0 For n = 5, f5 = 5f1 = 400 Hz
Y(x) = y(–x)
∴ correct options are (a), (b) and (d).
From the given equation 50. (ABC); Standing waves can be produced only
0.8  when two similar type of waves (same frequency
y ( x) =
16 x 2 + 5  and speed but amplitude may be different) travel in
 opposite directions.
and 0.8  at t = 0
y (– x) = 51. (ABCD); Beats are periodic variations in the
16 x 2 + 5 
intensity of sound when two sound wages of nearly
or y(–x) = y(–x) equal frequencies travel in the same direction. One
Therefore, pulse is symmetric. loud sound followed by a faint sound from one beat
Speed of pulse and the number of beats formed per second is called
At t = 1 s and x = – 1.25 m beat frequency.
y y 52. (ABCD) I = I1 + I 2 + 2 I1I 2 cos φ
0.16m 0.16m I max = 9 I 0 I min = 9 I 0
all intensities between I max and I min can be obtained
53. (A,D) If there is no relative motion between source
–x x and sound the frequency remains same.
x = –1.25m x=0
t = 1s t=0 54. (B,C) T1 > T2 and so, v1 > v2
value of y is again 0.16 m, i.e., pulse has traveled a it implies f1 > f 2 and f1 − f 2 = 6 Hz
distance of 1.25 m in 1 second in negative x-
direction or we can say that the speed of pulse is On increase of T1 , f1 will increase or ( f1 − f 2 )
1.25 m/s and it is traveling in negative x-direction.
will increase.On decrease of T1 , f1 will decrease
Therefore, it will travel a distance of 2.5 m in 2
seconds. The above statement can be better but now ( f 2 − f1 ) may be equal to 6 Hz.On
understood from figure (B).
increase of T2 , f 2 will increase and now again
Alternate method
If equation of a wave pulse is y = f (ax ± bt) ( f 2 − f1 ) may become equal to 6 Hz.
b
The speed of wave is in negative x direction for COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
a
Passage- I
y = f (ax + bt) and positive x direction for y = (ax –
2π x 2π l π
bt). Comparing this from given equation we can 55. Amplitude = A sin Kx ; Kx = = × = .
λ 2l 3 3
5
find that speed of wave is = 1.25 m/s and it is A 3
4 ∴ =
traveling in negative x-direction. 2

NARAYANAGROUP 87
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
56. K.E is maximum after covering a phase of dξ
π π 3π 3T 3 2π 3π 64. Pex = − B
+ = = time of = = dx
4 2 4 8 8 w 4w 2π 2π
l 2 = ( 5×105 )×( 0.1×10−3 ) sin ( y +1cm) cos2π ( 400) t
1 1m 1
dx [ A sin kx w] = mA2 w2 80 80
∫ dk = ∫ 2 dmv = ∫ 2
2
57. l 4 2π
= (125π N / m 2 ) sin ( y + 1cm ) cos 2π ( 400t )
0

2π 2π π 80
(here k = = = )
λ 2l l 10
65. End correction = (0.3) d = 1cm ; d = cm
Passage II 3
 d 2  π  10 
2
100π 92π
58. (A) fb = f1 − f 2 = − = 4 Hz vol. of tube  π 4  l = 4  3  ×100cm
= 2

2π 2π    
w 100π 10π
59. (A) V = = = 200m / s (take 1=0.99m ≈ 1m) = lit
k 0.5π 36
60. (A) At x = 0 y = y1 + y2 = 2A cos 96 π t cos4 π t
10π
Frequency of cos(96 π t) = 48Hz. resultant Moles = moles (22.4 lt.conmtains 1
frequency of the wave is 48 Hz. 36 × 22.4
Passage-III 10π 10π
mole lt contains mole)
61-62. In this question there are two possiblity 36 36 × 22.4
x=0 D Passage-V
66 (B) The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s; the
A x=0 B C passengers in A are moving at 20 m/s against the
15cm 15cm direction of propagation while those in B are moving
In case 1 if x = 0 is taken at antinode then at 30 m/s in the direction of propagation.
A = a coskx ...(i) 67. (A) The engine as well as the passengers in train A
In case 2 if x = 0 is taken at node then are moving with the same velocity, therefore the
A = a sin kx ...(ii) distribution of sound intensity in the whistle remains
From (i) and (ii) unchanged.
π 68. (A) The spread in frequency (as observed by
a cos kx = a sin kx or kx = passengers in B)
4
Passage-IV 30
1−
2π = ∆f . 340 = 320 × 310 = 310
63. ξ = ( 0.1mm ) cos ( y + 1cm ) cos 2π 7 ( 400 ) t 1−
20
320
Hz.
80 340
end correction is 1cm, so at = -1cm Passage -VI
2π 2π x
ξ = ( 0.1mm ) cos ( −1cm + 1cm ) 69. P = ( ∆P0 ) sin
80 λ
5λ L 5λ
= ( 0.1mm ) cos ( 0 ) for second overtone L = at x = =
4 2 8
= Antinode pressure amplitude at middle
So upper end is open. at lower end y = 99cm 2π 5λ 5π ∆P0
p = ∆P0 sin ; ∆P0 sin =
λ 8 4 2
2π
ξ = ( 0.1mm ) cos ( 99 + 1) 5λ
80 71. at closed end x = L =
4
5π
= 0.01cos = 0 ⇒ Node 2π 5λ
2 P = ∆P0 sin = ∆P0
λ 4
tube is closed at lower end So tube is open - closed.
⇒ Pmax = P0 + ∆P0 Pmin = P0 − ∆P0
88 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
Passage-VI1 80. λx , λ y and λz are actual wavelengths at which
0.06 1 maximum energy is radiated.
72. Mass per unit length of PQ, m1 = =
4.8 80 From Wien’s law λxTx = λyTy = λzTz
0.2 If Tx > Ty > Tz , λx > λz
Mass per unit length of QR, m2 =
2.56 As these wavelength appear equal on reaching
T ground, λx has increased more than λ y and so
Speed of wave in wire PQ , v1 = m = 80m / sec
on, Hence Vx > Vy > Vz or Vx > Vz etc.
1

73.. Speed of wave in wire

T ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS
QR , v2 = m1
= 32m / sec 81. (A); According to Laplace, the changes in pressure
and volume of a gas, when sound waves propagates
Time taken by pulse to reach from P to R through it, are not isothermal, but adiabatic. A gas
4.8 2.56 is a bad conductor of heat. It does not allow the
= + = 0.14 seconds free exchange of heat between compressed layer,
v1 v2 rarefied layer and surrounding.
74. Reflected amplitude is given by 84.. (B); Two sound of heard because of different sound

Ar =
v2 − v1
Ai =
( 32 − 80 ) × 3.5 speed in air and steel.
= −1.50cm 87 (C); The person will hear the loud sound at nodes
v2 + v1 ( 32 + 80 ) than at antinodes. We know that at anti–nodes the
MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS displacement is maximum and strain is minimum
76. (A) – (p), (q), (r), (B)–(p),(q),(r), (C) – (s), (D)–(s) while at nodes the displacement is zero and strain
Fixed points of the string are nodes and free end is is maximum. The sound is heard due to variation of
antinodes Wave length corresponds to N segments pressure. Further, P = – E(dy/dt), where E is
2l nv
elasticity and dy/dt is strain. As strain is maximum
when both end are fixed λ = fn = with n = 1, at nodes, hence there is maximum variation of
n 2l
2, 3, In closed end organ pipe closed end will be pressure and loud sound is heard.
node while free end will be antinode. 82. (D) ;In beats resultant amplitude is function of time.
79. f1 − f2 = n Hz 89. (C) ; Number of beats = 524 − 410 = 14
Due to persistence of hearing we can hear more
f1 > f 2 or V1 > V2 or T1 > T2 than 10 beats per second two waves of same
If T1 is increased, f1 will increase or ( f1 − f 2 ) frequencies and amplitude superimpose give
stationary waves.
will increase and then f1 > f 2 ≠ n Hz i.e. beat 90. The correct choices is (a). When two waves of
frequency changes. But if T1 is decreased, f1 will amplitudes a 1 and a 2 superpose to produce beats,
the resultant amplitude of the maximum of intensity
decrease or ( f1 − f 2 ) ≠ nHz . So (A)Q. is l = a1 + a2.
T1 T2
In the same way (T1 − T2 ) / 2 = − = INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
2 2
T T
 T1  91. 2; v = =
ρA Q?
is constant A ∝ T
 − K  decreases, f1 will decrease, then µ
2 
( f 2 − f1 ) may become equal to nHz . Similarly if 92. 1; Open tube f1 =
V
2L
T2 is increased, f 2 will increase and now
V
( f 2 − f1 ) may be equal to n Hz. But if T2 is f2 =
L
f2
=1
Close tube 4  ;
decreased, f 2 will decrease and ( f 2 − f1 ) ≠ nHz . 2
f1

NARAYANAGROUP 89
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

v1 L2 124 99. Energy E ∝ (amplitude)2 (frequency)2

93. 6; v = L ⇒ L2 = 186 × 90 = 60cm Amplitude (A) is same in both the cases, but
2 1
frequency 2ω in the second case is two times the
94. 5; l = 20m ; m = 1 gm; T = 0.5 N; f = 100 Hz frequency (ω) in the first case.
1×10−3 1 0.5 Therefore, E2 = 4E1
µ= = ×10−2 ; V= = 10m / s
20 × 10−2 2 0.5 × 10−2 100. The shape of pulse x = 0 and t = 0
would be as shown, in figure (A).
λ
λ = 0.1 ; = 0.05m = 5cm .
2 0.8
y (0, 0) = = 0.16 m
95.. 5 ; A = A12 + A 22 + 2A1A 2 cos φ 5

1 y
96.. P = ρω 2 A2 sV
2
0.16m
λ1 1 f1 ω1 2
since λ = 2 , f = ω = 1
2 2

since P1 = P2 , ω1 A1 = ω2 A2 –x 0 x
Pressure amplitude, P0 = B0 Ak t = 0 (a)

 A1  k1 
( Po )1 / ( Po )2 =    T T
 A2  k 2  101. v = =
µ µA
 A  λ 
=  1  2  =  
1 2
  = 1
2
1  ∂y 
 A2  λ1   2  1  102. P.E = T .   .dx ; K=9
2  ∂x 
97. let no. of loops formed in first case =n ; x1 n = 1
Let no. of loops formed in second ; case = (n+k) 104. d= (V 2t 2 − L2 ) / 4

x2 l T L R
x2 ( n + k ) = l ; = ,k = 2
x1 l + kx1 d
On comparing we get k=2
1 T
98. Fundamental frequency is given by V= (with
2l µ
both the ends fixe(D)) LEVEL-VI
1 SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
∴ Fundamental frequency v ∝
l µ 1. The amplitude of a wave disturbance
propagating in the positive x–direction is
[for same tension in both strings]
where µ = mass per unit length of wire given by y =
1
y=
1
2 at t = 0 and at
= ρ.A (ρ = density) = ρ(πr2) 1+ x 2 + x2 − 2 x
t = 2s , where x and yare in meter. Assuming
l
Or µ ∝ r; ∴v∝ that the shape of the wave disturbance does
rl
not change during the propagation, the speed
v1  r2   l2   r   2L  of the wave is
∴v = r  l  =   = l (A) 0.5 m/s (B) 1 m/s
2  1   1   2r   L  (C) 1.5 m/s (D) 2 m/s

90 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
2. S1 and S2 are two coherent currents sources 6. A string has a linear mass density ' µ ' and a
of radiations separated by distance 100.25 λ , length L = 3m. Its two ends are D =2m apart.
where λ is the wave length of radiation. S1
leads S2 in phase by π / 2 . A and B are two Two blocks of mass M = 8 kg each aree
points on the line joining S 1 and S 2 as shown in suspended from the string as shown in the
figure. The ratio of amplitudes of sources S1 figure. The time taken by a wave pulse to
and S2 are in the ratio 1 : 2. The ratio of travel from point A to point B is
 IA 
intensity at A to that of B  I  is
 B  T1
T2
A S1 S2 B A B

100.25λ
1
(A) ∞ (B) (C) 0 (D) 9 M M
9
3. The ends of a stretched wire of length L are
fixed at x = 0 and x = L. In one experiment the µ L µ L g L µ
A) L B) C) D)
 πx  g 2 g 2 µ 3 g
displacement of the wire is y1 = A sin  L 
  7. A rope of mass ‘m’ and length ‘L’is
sin ωt and energy is E 1 and in other suspended vertically. If a mass ‘M’is
experiment its displacement is suspended from the free end of the rope, the
 2πx  time taken by a transverse wave pulse
y2 = A sin  L  sin 2 ωt and energy is E2. generated at the bottom to travel to the top is
 

A) 2 mg ( M + m − m ) B) mg ( M + m − m )
Then: L L
(A) E 2 = E1 (B) E 2 = 2E1
(C) E2 = 4E1 (D) E 2 = 16E1
C) 2 mg ( M − m ) D) mg ( M − m )
4. A transverse sinusoidal wave moves along a 1 L L
string in the positive x–direction at a speed of
10 cm/s. The wavelength of the wave is 0.5 m 8. An object of specific gravity ρ is hung from a
and its amplitude is 10 cm. At a particular thin steel wire. The fundamental frequency
time t, the snap–shot of the wave is shown in for transverse standing waves in the wire is
figure. The velocity of point P when its 300 Hz. The object is immersed in water, so
displacement is 5 cm is that one half of its volume is submerged. The
y
new fundamental frequency (in Hz) is :
12 12
P  2ρ – 1   2ρ 
x (A) 300  2ρ  (B) 300  2ρ – 1 
   
 2ρ   2ρ – 1 
(C) 300  2ρ – 1  (D) 300  2ρ 
   
3π 3π ˆ 9. Two vibrating strings of the same material
(A) ĵ m / s (B) − jm/s
50 50 but of lengths L and 2L have radii 2r and r
3π 3π respectively. They are stretched under the
(C) î m / s (D) − î m / s
same tension. Both the strings vibrate in their
50 50
5. The displacement y of a particle executing fundamental modes, the one of length L with
periodic motion is given by frequency v1 and the other with frequency v2.
y = 4 cos ( t ) sin (1000t ) . This expression may be
2
v1
The ratio v is given by:
considered to be a result of the superposition 2

of waves : (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 1

(A) two (B) three (C) four (D) five
NARAYANAGROUP 91
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
10. In the experiment for the determination of 14. A train moves towards a stationary observer
the speed of sound in air using the resonance with speed 34 m/s. The train sounds a whistle
column method, the length of the air column and its frequency recorded by the observer is
that resonates in the fundamental mode with f1. If the train’s speed is reduced to 17 m/s,
a tuning fork is 0.1 m. When this length is the frequency registered is f2. If the speed of
changed to 0.35 m, the same tuning fork f1
resonates with the first overtone. The end sound is 340 m/s then the ratio f is :
2
correction is
18 1 19
(A) 0.012 m (B) 0.025 m (A) (B) (C) 2 (D)
19 2 18
(C) 0.05 m (D) 0.024 m
15. A simple harmonic oscillator of frequency ‘f’
11. A massless rod of length l is hung from the
is attached to the end of a cord that has a
ceiling with the help of two identical wires
attached at its ends. A block is hung on the linear mass density ' µ ' and is under a tension
rod at a distance x from the left end. In this ‘T’. The power that must be provided to the
case, the frequency of the 1 st harmonic of the cord by the oscillator to generate a sinusoidal
wire on the left end is equal to the frequency wave of amplitude ‘A’, angular frequency
of the 2nd harmonic of the wire on the right. ' ω ' and speed ‘v’ is
The value of x is µω 2 A2 v
A) µω A v 2 2
B)
2
µω 2 A2 v 2 3µω 2 A2 v
C) D)
2 2
16. Two wires of different linear mass densities
are joined, consider the junction to be at x = 0.
An incident wave y1 = Ai sin ( ωt − k1x ) is
x

travelling to the right from the region x ≥ 0 .

At the boundary the wave is partly reflected
l l l l and partly transmitted. If Ai , A r a n d At
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 5 respectively represent the incident reflected
12. A police car moving at 22 m/s chases a A
and transmitted amplitudes then A = (
r
motorcyclist. The police man sound his horn
at 176 Hz, while both of them move towards a t

stationary siren of frequency 165 Hz. If the given k2 is the wave number of transmitted
motorcyclist does not observe any beats, the wave)
speed of motor cycle is 2k1 k1 − k 2
(velocity of sound is 330ms −1 ) (A) k − k (B) 2k
1 2 1
Police car Motorcycle
k1 + k2 2k1
(C) 2k1 (D) k1 + k2
Stationary siren 17. Two loud speakers are being compared, and
22m/s, 176Hz V one is perceived to be 32 times louder than
(165 Hz)
(A) 33 m/s (B) 22 m/s (C) zero (D) 11 m/s the other. The difference in intensity levels
13. A string of length 0.4 m and mass 10–2 kg is between the two when measured in decibels.
tightly clamped at its ends. The tension in the is
string is 1.6 N. Identical wave pulses are (A) 60 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) 30
produced at one end at equal intervals of time 18. There are three source of sound of equal
intensities with freqency ( n-1) ,n, ( n+1) Hz.
∆t . The minimum value of ∆t , which allows The beat freqency heard if all the sources are
constructive interference between
switched on simultaneously is
successive pulses, is : (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 0
(A) 0.05 s (B) 0.10 s (C) 0.20 s (D) 0.40 s
92 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
19. The temperature at which the fundamental 6000 6000
freqncy of an organ pipe is independent of (C) Hz, Hz
small variation in temperature in terms of the 30 − 2 2 30 + 2 2
coefficient of linear expansion (α ) of the (D)
6000
Hz,
6000
Hz
material of the tube is 30 − 4 2 30 + 4 2
22. A whistle of frequency f 0=1300Hz is dropped
1 1 1 1 from a height H = 505 m above the ground. At
(A) (B) (C) (D)
α 3α 2α 4α the same time, a detector is projected
20. The figure shows the location of a source and upwards with velocity υ = 50 ms −1 along the
detector at time t = 0. the source and
detector are moving with velocities same line. If the velocity of sound is
V=300ms-1, The frequency detected by the
υ = 5$i m / s and υ = 10 $j m / s respectively..
s D detector after t = 5s is (g=10ms-2)
The frequency of signals received by the (A) 1600 Hz (B) 1500 Hz
detector at the moment when the source (C) 1700 Hz (D) 1800 Hz
crosses the origin is ( the frequency of source 23. 2) Two coherent sources S1 and S 2 at a
is 100 Hz.velocity of sound 330 ms −1 ) distance interference effect at point P,O is
the middle point of S1S 2 and origin of the
coordinate system, as shown, such that
S ∠POX = θ . Find the coordinate of source S1
when sources are rotated about point O so
100m
100m
that no interference effect is observed at P:
D
P
(A) 97Hz (B) 47Hz (C) 90Hz (D) 60Hz S1
21. A boy is moving along a circular track in θ
0
anticlockwise sense. A children train moves
along a square path with centres of circular S2
track and square both coinciding, as shown in
the figure. the train as well as the boy start d d d d
from points B and A such that points O, A and (A) − sin θ , cos θ (B) sin θ , cos θ
2 2 2 2
B always lie on the same radial line. The
d d d d
velocity of listener is 11 m/s. The train
(C) cos θ , sin θ (D) sin θ , cos θ
continuously whistles at frequency 300 Hz. 2 2 2 2
during one such complete rotation the 24. How long will it take sound waves to travel
maximum and minimum frequency heard by the distance/between the points A and B if the
the boy. are respectively ( Take velocity of air temperature between them varies linearly
sound 330 m/s)
γR
C B from T1 to T2 ? (T2 > T1 ) and α = .
M
l
A) α (T − T )  T2 − T1 
D
a 2 1
a/4
4l
B) α (T − T )  T2 − T1 
2 1
E
2l
(A)
9000
Hz ,
9000
Hz C) α (T − T )  T2 − T1 
30 − 2 2 30 + 2 2 2 1

l
D) 2α (T − T )  T2 − T1 
9000 9000
(B) Hz , Hz
30 − 4 2 30 + 4 2 2 1

NARAYANAGROUP 93
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
25. Figure shows two snapshots of medium 28. Two coherent narrow slits emitting wave length
particles within a time interval of 1/60 s. Find λ in the same phase are placed parallel to
the possible time periods of the wave each other at a small separation of 2 λ , the
Y sound is detected by moving a detector on the
1 1
0.866 screen S at a distance D (>> λ ) from the slit
2
X S1 as shown in figure.Find the distance x such
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
that the intensity at P is equal to the intensity
1
at O.
1 1
A) 10 ( 6n + 1) B) 10 ( 5n + 1) P
2λ x
1 1
C) 10 ( 6n − 1) D) 20 ( 6n + 1) O
S1 S2
26. Airport authority has made the regula
tions that maximum allowable intensity level
D S
detected by a microphone situated at the end
of 1630 m long runway can be 100 dB. An
aeroplane when flying at a height of 200 m D
A) D B) 3D C) 3D D)
produces an intensity level of 100 dB on 3
ground. While taking off, this aeroplane makes 29. Radio waves coming at angle α to vertical
a angle 300 with horizontal. Find the maximum are received by a ladder after reflection from
distance this aeroplane can cover on the a nearby water surface and also directly. What
runway, so that the regulations are not violated can be height of antenna from water surface
(assume no reflection). so that it records a maximum intensity (a
A) 1200 m. B) 1230 m C) 1430 m D) 1530 m. maxima) (wavelength = λ )
27. Sound from two coherent sources S1 and S 2
are sent in phase and detected at point P
equidistant from both the sources. Speed of
sound in normal air is V0 , but in some part in h
α
path S1 , there is a zone of hot air having
temperature 4 times, the normal temperature,
and width d. What should be minimum λ λ λ λ
frequency of sound, so that minima can be A) B) C) D)
2 cos α 2 sin α 4 sin α 4 cos α
found at P?
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
S1
d
30. A wave equation which gives the
displacement along the y-direction is given
4T
0 by: y = 10–4 sin (60 t + 2x) where x and y are in
metres and t is time in seconds. This
represents a wave:
P (A) traveling with a velocity of 30 m/s in the
negative x-direction
S2 (B) of wavelength π m
(C) of frequency 30/ π hertz
V0 4V0 V0 2V0
A) B) C) D) (D) of amplitude 10–4 m traveling along the
d d 2d d
negative x-direction

94 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
31. A wave is represented by the equation; 34. A wave disturbance in a medium is described
y = A sin (10 π x + 15 π t + π /3)  π
where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The by y(x, t) = 0.02 cos  50πt + 2  cos (10 π x),
 
expression represents:
(A) a wave traveling in the positive x-direction where x and y are in metre and t is in second
with a velocity 1.5 m/s. (A) a node occurs at x = 0.15 m
(B) a wave traveling in the negative x-direction (B) an antinode occurs at x = 0.3 m
with a velocity 1.5 m/s (C) the speed of wave is 5 ms–1
(C) a wave traveling in the negative x-direction (D) the wavelength is 0.2 m
with a wavelength 0.2 m 35. Two tuning forks P and Q are vibrated
(D) a wave traveling in the positive x-direction together. The number of beats produced are
with a wavelength 0.2 m represented by the straight line OA in the
32. A transverse sinusoidal wave of amplitude a, following graph. After loading Q with wax
wavelength λ and frequency f is traveling on again these are vibrated together and the
a stretched string. The maximum speed of beats produced are represented by the line
v OB. If the frequency of P is 341 Hz, choose
any point on the string is , where v is the the correct option(s)
10
speed of propagation of the wave. If a = 10–3
m and v = 10 m/s, then λ and f are given by : A
B
3
(A) λ = 2 π × 10–2 m (B) λ = 10–3 m
Beats
2
103 4
(C) f = Hz (D) f = 10 Hz
2π
33. A triangular pulse is moving with speed 2 cm/ 1
s along a rope (kept along x-axis) whose one
end is free at x = 0 as shown in the figure. 0 t(s)
1 2
Choose the correct option regarding this
pulse.
(A) 341 Hz (B) 338 Hz (C) 344 Hz
1cm (D) on waxing Q the no. of beats decreases
36. In a large room, a person receives direct
X=0
A O B sound from source at 120m away. He also
2cm 1cm 1cm receives waves from same source after
reflection from 25 m high ceiling at a point
half ways between them. Find wavelength(s)
2cm
from which two sound waves interfere
(A) 0.5 cm constructively

2cm x=0 At t=1s C

2cm
(B)
2cm x=0 At t=1s S P
(C) particle speed (between A to O) at t = 0 s is Source Detector
1 cm/s
(D) particle speed (between A to O)at t = 0 s is 10
(A) 10 m (B) 5m (C) 7 m (D) m
2 m/s. 3

NARAYANAGROUP 95
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
37. A sound wave of frequency f travels 39. y (x, t) = 5 sin [ ω t - x/5]
horizontally to the right. It is reflected from a (A) Not a traveling wave
large vertical plane surface moving to left (B) A traveling wave with speed v = 10
with a speed v. The speed of sound in medium (C) The wave is traveling in +ve x direction
is C : (D) The wave is traveling in - ve x-direction
(A) The number of wave striking the surface per 40. A traveling wave is of the form y (x,t) = A cos
(c + v) (kx - wt) + B sin (kx -wt), which can also be
second is f written as y (x,t) = D sin (kx - wt - f) where
c
c (c – v) (A) D = A + B (B) D = AB
2 2 2
(B) The wavelength of reflected wave is f (c +v) (C) D = A + B (D) D = A - B
41. Consider the snapshot of a wave traveling in
(c + v ) positive x-direction
(C) The frequency of the reflected wave is f ( c – v )
(D) The number of beats heard by a stationary
2vf A
listener to the left of the reflecting surface is c – v
38. Energy density E (energy per unit volume) of
the medium at a distance r from a sound source B
vary according to the curve shown in figure.
Which of the following are possible? (A) The particle A is moving in -ve y-direction and
particle B is moving in +y-direction
Rectangular
hyperbola (B) The particle B is moving in -ve y-direction and
particle A is moving in +y-direction
E (C) Both are moving in the +ve y-direction
(D) Both are moving in -ve y-direction
Passage : II
r Superposition of waves results in maximum and
A) The source may be a point isotropic source. minimum of intensities such as in case of standing
B) If the source is a plane wave source then the waves. This phenomenon is called as interference.
medium particles have damped oscillations. Another type of superposition result in
C) If the source is a plane wave source then power interference in time which is called as beats. In this
of the source is decreasing with time case waves are analyzed at a fixed point as a
D) Density of the medium decreases with distance function of time. If the two waves are of nearby
r from the source same frequency are superimposed, at a particular
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS point, intensity of combined waves gives a
Passage : I periodic peak and fall. This phenomenon is beats.
A traveling wave on stretched string can be If ω 1 and ω 2 are the frequencies of two waves
understood by the function y = f(x -vt). Here v is then by superimposed y = y1 + y2, we get at x = 0,
the wave speed ‘x’ is co-ordinate of point and ‘y’   ω − ω2    ω1 + ω2 
is its instantaneous displacement. To describe the y =  2 A cos  1  .t  sin .t
wave completely, we must specify the function f.   2    2 
If the wave moves in negative x-direction y (x, t) = Thus amplitude frequency is small and fluctuates
f(x + vt) and if it moves in positive x-direction y (x, slowly. A beat i.e., a maximum of intensity occurs,
t) = f(x - vt). The general relation for a traveling also intensity depends on square of amplitude. The
d 2f 1 d2 y beat frequency is given by
wave must satisfy the relation = 2 . 2 , if
ωbeat =| ω1 − ω2 |
2
dx v dt
plane wave exists. The particle velocity and wave Number of beats per second is called as beat
velocity are related by Vpa = - (slope) (wave frequency. A normal ear can detect only upto 10
velocity ). Answer the following questions Hz of frequency because of persistence of ear.
96 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
42. If two sound sources of frequency difference 46. If a minima is formed at the detector then, the
25 Hz are sounded together. Then which of magnitude of wavelength of the wave
the following is correct ? produced is given by
(A) A normal human ear will hear 25 Hz beat 3 4
frequency (A) 2πR (B) πR (C) πR (D) None of these
2 5
(B) A normal human ear will hear only 10 Hz
47. The maximum intensity produced at D is
beat frequency
(C) A normal human ear cannot detect this given by
frequency difference (A) 4I0 (B) 2I0 (C) I 0 (D) 3I0
(D) A normal human ear can hear maximum of Passage IV
the two frequency sounded together Observe O is ahead by L from source S which
43. The phenomena of beats can take place for
are moving along same line with velocities V0 and
(A) Only transverse waves
(B) Only longitudinal waves VS respectively. The speed of sound is V..
(C) Both longitudinal & transverse waves The source emits a wave pulse that reaches the
(D) For sound waves only
44. The frequency of beats produced in air when obsever in time t1 .
two sources of sound are activated, one L
emitting wavelength 32 cm, other 32.2 cm is S SI O
(Take Vsound = 350 m/s)
At time t=T, the source reaches at S | . It is obvious
(A) 14 (B) 18 (C) 7 (D) 10
Passage -III that the observer will not be at O this time. The
A narrow tube is bent in the form of a circle of source emits a wavepulse at this time to reach the
radius R, as shown in the figure. Two small holes S observer in time t2 , which is measured from t=0.
and D are made in the tube at the positions right 48. Find the time t1
angle to each other. A source placed at S
generates a wave of intensity I 0 which is equally L VL
divided into two parts: one part travels along the (A) V + V (B) (V − V ) V
0 0 0
longer path, while the other travels along the
shorter path. Both the part waves meet at the point V0 L L
D where a detector is placed. (C) (V − V ) V (D) (V − V )
0 0 0

49. Find the time t2

R L + (V − V0 ) T (V − Vs )
(B) V − V .T
S
(A)
(V − Vs ) ( 0)

L + (V − Vs ) T L − (V − Vs ) T
(C)
(V − V0 ) (D)
(V − V0 )
50. Two pulses are emitted by sources at S
D and S | . What is the time lag by which
45. If a maxima is formed at a detector then, the observer observe them ?
magnitude of wavelength of the wave
 V − Vs   V + Vs 
produced is given by (A)  V + V  T (B)  V − V  T
πR  0   0 
(A) πR (B)
2  V + Vs   V − Vs 
πR (C)  V + V  T (D)  V − V  T
(C) (D) all of these  0   0 
4

NARAYANAGROUP 97
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
Passage V MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
A train approaching a hill at a speed 40 km/hr 57. Column I represents the wave speeds in four
sounds a whistle of freqency 580 Hz, when it is a cases while column II represents the
distance of 1 km from the hill. A wind with speed expressions for speeds. Match column I and
40 km/hr is blowing in the direction of motion of II so that the wave speed in column I matches
the train. (Velocity of sound in air = 1200 km / hr ) the corresponding expression in column II.
51. The frequency of the whistle as heard by an Column – I Column – II
observer on the hill is
γP
(A) 599Hz (B) 590Hz (C) 610Hz (D) 620Hz (A)Longitudinal wave in solid rod (P)
52. The distance from the hill at which the echo ρ
from the hill is heard by the driver is T
31 29 29 30 (B)Longitudinal wave in a liquid (Q)
km (B) km (C) km (D) km µ
(A)
29 31 30 29
53. The frequency of echo is B
(C)Longitudinal wave in a gas (R)
(A) 599Hz (B) 590Hz (C) 610Hz (D) 620Hz ρ
Passage VI Y
. A source is moving across a circle given by the (D)Transverse wave in (S) ρ
equation x 2 + y2 = R 2 with constant speed a stretched string
330π 58. The diagrams in Column A show transverse
υs = m / s in clockwise sense. A detector is sinusoidal standing/travelling waveforms on
6 3 stretched strings. In each case, the string is
stationary at the point ( 2R, 0 ) w.r.t. the centre of oscillating in a particular mode, and, its shape
the circle. The frequency emitted by the source is and other characteristics are shown at time t
f s . ( velocity of sound 330 ms −1 ) = 0. The maximum amplitude (in all the cases)
54. The coordinates of the source when the is A, the velocity of the waveform on the
detector records maximum frequency is string is c, the mass per unit length of the
string is µ and the frequency of vibration is f
R R 3  R 3 R
(A)  2 , 2  (B)  2 , 2  (angular frequency = ω ). The kinetic energy
    of the string (of length L) is represented by
(C) ( R , 0 ) (D) ( 0, − R )
the functions in Column B. Match the correct
entries in Column B.
55. The coordinates of the source when the Column A Column B
detector detects mimimum frequency is Fixed Fixed
 end end
R 3  R 3 R
(A)  R / 2, 2  (B)  2 , 2  A 9π2 µc 2 2
    (A) (p) A
4 L
(C) ( R, 0 ) (D) ( 0, − R ) L
Fixed Free
56. The values of the maximum and minimum end end
frequencies. are respectively A 9π2 µc 2 2
(B) (q) A sin2 ωt
 6 3   6 3  4 L
(A) f s  π − 6 3  , f s  π + 6 3  L
   
Free Free
 6 3   6 3  end end
(B) f s  π − 12 3  , f s  π + 12 3  A
    9π2 µc 2
A (r) 16 L A sin ωt
2 2
(C)
 6 3   6 3 
(C) f s  π − 3 3  , f s  π + 3 3  L
   
A
 6 3   6 3  π2 µc 2 2
(D) f s  π − 3  , f s  π + 3  (D) (s) A sin2 ωt
    L
Travelling wave
4 L

98 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
59. Two sources of sound S1 and S2, emitting Column - I
waves of equal wave length 40 cm are placed i) If the speakers are incoherent, then
with separation of 10 cm between them. ii) If the speakers are driven coherently and in phase
Amplitudes of waves emitted are 6 mm and 8 at P
mm respectively. Four observers A, B, C, D iii) If the speakers are driven coherently and out of
lie on line joining them as shown. phase by 1800 at P, then
A S1 C D S2 B
iv) If the speaker S 2 is switched off, then
5cm 2.5cm 5cm 7cm
Column-II
10cm a) I R = 64 µW / m 2 b) I R = 25 µW / m 2
Column – I c) I R = 34 µW / m 2 d) I R = 4 µW / m 2
(A) Resulting amplitude received by A
(B) Resulting amplitude received by B INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
(C) Resulting amplitude received by C 62. A train approaching a railway crossing at a
(D) Resulting amplitude received by D speed of 120 km/hr sounds a short whistle at
Column – II frequency f 0 = 640 Hz .when it is 300 m away
(P) 12.95 cm (Q) 14 cm (R) 10 cm (S) 7 cm from the crossing. The speed of sound in air is
60. Match the Following: 340 m/sec. A person standing on a road
In column I the location of observer, wall and perpendicular to the track at a distance 400 m
source with their corresponding uniform non
from the crossing, hears frequency f1 . The
zero speeds ( observer is stationary) are
indicated and in column II corresponding value of f1 − f 0 = 10 x . Find the value of x ?
information are given. Match them. 63. A closed organ pipe is vibrating in
Column I fundamental frequency. There are two points
A and B in the organ pipe as shown, at a
distance AB = L n . Ratio of maximum
(A) (B) pressure variation at point A to point B is
O S S O
W W 2 / 3 find value of n.

(C) (D)
S O O S B
W W L/n
Column II
(p) Beats must be detected A
(q) Beats may be detected 64. A wire having a linear mass density
(r) Wavelength of sound wave after reflection 5.0 × 10−3 kg / m is streched between two rigid
from wall may decrease to a value smaller than supports with a tension of 450N. The wire
actual value with stationary source. resonates at a frequency of 420Hz. The next
(s) Wavelength of sound wave after reflection higher frequency at which the same wire
from wall increase to a value greater than actual resonates is (420 + 10x) Hz. Length of wire is
value with stationary source. 2.1 m. Value of x is nearly.
61. Two identical speakers emit sound waves of 65. A source emitting sound of frequency is
frequency 103 Hz uniformly in all directions. placed in front of a wall at a distance of 2m
The audio output of each speaker is from it. A detector is also placed in front of
9π /10 mW . A point ‘P’ is at a distance 3 m the wall at some distance from it. Find the
minimum distance (in meter) between the
from the speaker S1 and 5 m from speaker source and the detector for which the
S 2 . Resultant intensity at P is I R . Match the detector detects a maximum of sound speed
items in Column I with the items in column II. of sound in air = 360 m/sec
NARAYANAGROUP 99
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
66. A source of sound S and a detector D are 72. A closed and an open organ pipe of same
placed at some distance from one another. A length are set into vibrations simultaniously
big cardboard is placed near the detector and in thier fundamental mode to produce 2 beats.
perpendicular to the line SD as shown in The length of open organ pipe is now halved
figure. It is gradually moved away and it is and of closed organ pipe is double. Now find
found that the intensity changes from a the number of beats produced.
maximum to a minimum as the board is 73. The displacement Vs time graph for two
moved through a distance of 20 cm. The waves A and B which travel along the same
frequency of the sound emitted is found out to string are shown in the figure. Their intensity
be "70 x " Hz . Find the value of x ? IA
(Velocity ofsound in airis336 m s-1) ratio I is
B

y A
3
S D
t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
67. Calculate the frequency of beats produced in
-2 B
air to the nearest integer value when two
sources of sound are activated, one emitted a
wavelength of 32 cm and the other of LEVEL-VI - KEY
32.2cm.The speed of sound in air is SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
350 ms-1.
68. Two tuning forks with natural frequencies of 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) B 6) B
340 Hz each move relative to a stationary 7) A 8) A 9) D 10) B 11) D 12) B
observer. One fork moves away from the 13) B 14) D 15) B 16) B 17) C 18)A
observer, while the other moves towards him
at the same speed. The observer hears beats 19) C 20) A 21) A 22) B 23) A 24) C
of frequency 3 Hz. The speed of the tuning 25) A 26)B 27) A 28) C 29) D
fork is found out to be " 6 / n " ms −1 find n? MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
( given (velocity of sound 340 ms −1 ) 30) A,B,CD 31) B,C 32) A,C
69. An observer standing at a railway crossing 33) A,C 34) A,B,C,D 35) C,D
receives frequency of 2.2 kHz and 1.8 kHz
when the train approaches and recedes from 36) A,B,D 37) A,B,C,D 38) A,B,C,D
the observer. The velocity of the train is 10n COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
then find n. [The speed of the sound in air is 39) C 40) C 41) A 42) C 43) D 44) C
300 m/s]
70. nth harmonic of a closed organ pipe is equal 45) D 46) A 47) B 48) D 49) C 50) D
to mth harmonic of a open pipe. First over tone 51) A 52) B 53) D 54) B 55) D 56) A
frequency of the closed organ pipe is also MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
equal to first overtone frequency of the open
organ pipe. Find the value of n, if m=6. 57) A-S; B-R; C-P; D-Q
71. Two sound sources are moving away from a 58) A-Q; B-R; C-S; D-P
stationary observer in opposite directions with 59) A-R; B-R; C-P; D-Q
velocities V1 and V2 (V1 > V2 ) . The frequency 60) A-Q,R; B-P,S; C-P; D-P,R
of both the sources is 900Hz. V1 and V2 are 61) (i ) → c; (ii ) → a; ( iii ) → d ; (iv ) → b
both quite less than speed of sound V=300m/ INTEGER ANSWER QUESTIONS
sec. Find the value of (V1 − V2 ) so that beat 62) 4 63) 3 64)7 65) 3 66) 6 67) 7
frequency observed by observer is 6 Hz. (in 68) 4 69) 3 70) 9 71) 2 72) 7 73) 1
m/sec)
100 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
LEVEL-VI - HINTS 6.
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 1− y T1
1. (A) At t = 0 , y = , or x = = x1 T2
1+ x2 y
A B
1 1
At t = 2s, y= =
2 + x − 2 x 1 + ( x − 1) 2
2

1− y 1− y
or, ( x − 1) = y
2 M M
or, x = 1 + y
= x2

∴ Speed of the wave T1cosθ

∆x x2 − x1 1 T1
v= = = = 0.5m/s
∆t t2 − t1 2 − 0 θ
2. (B) ; For interference at A : S2 is behind of S1 by a T2
T1sinθ
λ
distance of 100λ + (equal to phase difference
4
π π
). Further S2 lags S1 by . Hence the waves
2 2
T1 cos θ = Mg ; T1 sin θ = T2 ⇒ T2 = Mg tan θ
from S 1 and S2 interfere at A with a phase difference
of 200.5 π + 0.5 π = 201 π = π .
L 3
Hence the net amplitude at A is 2a – a = a = m
4 4
For interference at B : S 2 is ahead of S 1 by a distance θ
λ π
of 100λ + . (equal to phase difference )
4 2
π
Further S 2 lags S 1 by .
2
1 L 1
Hence waves from S 1 and S 2 interfere at B with a D  = m
2 2  4
phase difference of
200.5 π − 0.5 π = 200π = 0 π .
Hence the net amplitude at A is 2a + a = 3a 1 T Mg g
⇒ tan θ = ⇒v= 2 = =
3. (C); Energy E α (amplitude)2 (frequency)2 8 µ 8µ µ
Amplitude (A) is same in both the cases, but
frequency 2w in the second case is two times the L L µ
frequency ( ω ) in the first case.
t AB = ; t AB =
2v 2 g
Therefore, E2 = 4E1
∂y ∂y
4. (A) v P = ∂t = −v ∂x is positive and can only be
L-x
along y–axis.
5. (B) Given : y = 4 cos 2 ( t ) sin (1000t ) A
= 2 [1 + cos 2t ] sin (1000t )
7. x
= 2sin1000t + 2sin1000t ⋅ cos 2t
= 2 sin1000t + sin1002t + sin 998t
Thus the periodic motion consists of three M
components.
NARAYANAGROUP 101
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

mxg 1 T
Tension at A = T = Mg + 9. (D) ; Fundamental frequency is given by v = 2l µ
L
⇒ velocity of pulse at A is given by (with both the ends fixed)
( M + mx ) g ⇒
dx
=
g 1 T v1 l2 r2 2 Lr
dx µ
dt
∴ ⇒ v = 2l ; v = l = r = L2r = 1
v= = L
M+
mx
g πr ρ
2
2 1 1
dt µ L
10. (B) ; Let ∆l be the end correction.
on integrating
Given that, fundamental tone for a length 0.1 m =
2L  mx  g first overtone for the length 0.35 m.
 M + g  = t
m L 0 µ v 3v
4(0.1 + ∆l )
= 4(0.35 + ∆l )

t=
2L
m
M
Lg
( M +m − M ) Solving this equation, we get ? l = 0.025m
11. (D)
v = λf
t=2
L
mg
( M +m− M )
8. (A) ; The diagrammatic representation of the given T1
problem is shown in figure. The expression of x T2
1 T
fundamental frequency is v = 2l µ
Mg

T T
T1
µ 2Lf
= T1
T2 Lf ; T = 4
2
Water µ
ρw=1g/cm3
T1 + T2 = Mg ; T2 = Mg/5
1 vρ ' g StB = 0 ⇒ Mg × l = (Mg/5) × L; l = L/5
T = mg = vρ ' g ; f = 12. (B); The motorcyclist observers no beats, so the
2l µ
apparent frequency observed by him from two
V source must be equal
T ' = mg − ρw g
2  330 − V   330 + V 
f1 = f 2 ∴ 176  = 165 
 330 − 22   330 
v
vρ ' g − ρ w g ∴ v = 22 m/s
1 2
f '= 13. (B) Mass per unit length of the string,
2l µ
10 –2
f' 2 ρ '− ρ w ρ' m=
0.4
= 2.5 × 10−2 kg/m
= ρ
f 2ρ ' ρ w = specific gravity = ∴ Velocity of wave in the string,
T 1.6
2ρ −1 v = m = 2.5 × 10 –2 ; v = 8 m/s
f ' = 300 Hz
2ρ
For constructive interference between successive
pulses :
102 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES

=
2l (2)(0.4)
=
I2 I1
∆t min v 8
= 0.10 s 17. ∆β = β 2 = β1 = 10 log I = 10 log I
0 0
(After two reflections, the wave pulse is in same
phase as it was produced, since in one reflection I2
10 log
its phase changes by p and if at this moment next I1
identical pulse is produced, then constructive Increasing the intenscity by a factor 10 changes
interference will be obtained.) the sound level by 10dB, increasing by 100 changes
 v  β by 20 dB. since
14. (D) f1 = f  v – v 
 s 
32 = 25 ∆β = 5 (10 ) = 50dB
 340   340 
f1 = f  340 – 34  = f  306  18. y = A sin 2p ( n − 1) t + A sin 2p nt
   

 340 
+ A sin 2p ( n + 1) t
 340  f1 323 19
and f2 = f  340 – 17  = f  323  ; ∴ f = =
    2 306 18 = 2 A sin ( 2π nt ) cos ( 2π t ) + A sin ( 2π nt )
15. let us consider a small element of mass ‘dm’
⇒ resulting amplitude is R = A (1 + 2cos 2π t )
⇒ dm = µ ( dx )
⇒ Total energy of element is ⇒ Iα R 2
Iα A2 [1 + 2cos 2π t ]
2
1
dE = ( dm ) ω 2 A2
2
dI
for I to be maximum or minimum =0
1
µω 2 A2 ( dx ) dt
2
d
The rate at which energy is supplied is given by ⇒ (1 + 2 cos 2π t )2
dt
dE 1 1
P= = µω A ( dx ) ⇒ P = µω A v 2 [1 + 2cos 2π t ] ( 2sin 2π t ) .2π = 0
2 2 2 2
dt 2 2
16. 1
x<0 0 x>0 ⇒ 1 + 2cos 2π t = 0 ⇒ 2 cos 2π t = −
2
yi = Ai sin ( ωt − k1 x )
2π
⇒ 2π t = 2nπ ±
yt = At sin ( ωt − k2 x ) 3
where n = 0, 1, 2......

yr = Ar sin (ωt + k1 x ) 1
or t = n ± where n = 0, 1, 2......
at the boundary the displacement and slope of the 3
wave is continuous then 1 1 3
yi + yr = yt ; Ai + Ar = At ⇒ t = 0, , , .....
2 1 2
yi y y also sin 2π t = 0
+ r = t or 2π t = nπ where n = 0, 1, 2.....
ϑ x ϑx ϑ x
− Ai K1 cos ωt + Ar K1 cos ωt = − At K 2 cos ωt n 1 2
or t = where n = 0, 1, 2.... ⇒ t = , ...
⇒ − Ai K1 + Ar K1 = − At K 2 2 3 3
cos 2π t = 1, −1, +1,.....
K1 − K 2 2 K1
on solving Ar = K + K Ai , At = K + K Ai for these times ⇒ I = 9 A2 , A2 ,9 A2 ,....
1 2 1 2
⇒ In one second we get two minima and two
maxima. Hence beat frequency is 2.

NARAYANAGROUP 103
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
21.
v γ RT
19. f = , l = l0 1 + α ( T − T0 )  ; v =
2l M
C B1 B G
⇒ we have to find the temperature at which vT 0
45
f ( T ) = f ( T0 ) vT A1 θ
γ RT γ RT0 D O a
M = M
2l0 1 + α (T − T0 )  2l0
E F
T
= 1 + α ( T − T0 ) And velocity of boy and train around ‘O’ is same
T0
a d a 
BB1 = Tanθ ⇒ vT =  Tanθ 
 T − T0 
1/ 2
2 dt  2 
1 +  = 1 + α ( T − T0 )
 T0 
vT =
a
sec 2 θω ; ω =
11
⇒ aω = 44
2 a/4
1  T − T0 
 = 1 + α (T − T0 ) ⇒ T0 =
1+  1
aω 44
2  T0  2α velocity of train at B = = = 22ms −1
2 2
20.
Just before the turn at ‘C’ vT component along
the line joining boy and train is away from boy just
90-θ
after turn at C, the component is towards boy ⇒
D2 He hears max and min at the turn.
r
100m
velocity of train at
aω
S θ C= sec 2 45 = 22 × 2 = 44ms −1
S
1
d O 2
v
100m 100m f min = f
v + vs cos 45
D1
330 30
= 300 × = 300 ×
Time taken by ‘S’ to travel from S to 0 = 20sec 330 + 22 2 30 + 2 2
In this time detector goes from D1to D2 v 30
f max = f = 300 ×
The signal received by detector at t = 20sec is not v − vs cos 45 30 − 2 2
that produced by source at ‘O’ but produced from 22. As sound takes finite time to travel, so the sound
a position S 1 prior to ‘O’ received at t = 5 sec should have been emitted
earlier.
r d d vs 5 1
= cosθ = = = = Let t1 be the time at which source emits sound
v vs r v 330 66
which is detected at t = 5 sec.
 1 
2  v − v0 sin θ  Then the time duration for which sound moves is
sin = 1 −   = 1 ⇒ f D = f  
 66   v − vs cos θ  t t − t1
Let ‘h’ be dist moved by detected
 330 − 10 
= 100   = 97 Hz 1 2 1
( ) ( )
2
 330 − 5 / 66  h = ut − gt ; H = g t1 − h = v t − t1
2 2
104 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
25. The wavelength of the wave
1
( ) 1 2
( )
2
505 − g t1 − ut + gt = v t − t1
2 2 λ = (12 − 0 ) = (14 − 2 ) = 12 units

( ) − 125 = 300 (5 − t ) Therefore, in time 1/60 s, the distance moved by

2
505 − 5 t1 1
the wave is

(t ) − 60 (t ) + 224 = 0 ⇒ t = 4sec
1 2 1 1 d = 2 + n (λ ) =
λ
6
+ nλ ; n ∈ J

 v + vs  d λ 
f = f0   Velocity of wave: v = 1/ 60 =  6 + nλ  60
 v − vs  ( )  
v0 = u − gt = 0 ; vs = gt1 = 40ms −1 λ 1
λ = =
300 T= λ  10 ( 6n + 1)
= 1300 × = 1500 Hz. v  + nλ  60
300 − 40 6 
23. No interference effect is observed if S1| S 2| is 26. Since aeroplane is producing intensity level of 100
dB at a distance of 200 m from it, and this is also
perpendicular to OP ( ∆x = 0 ) the maximum allowable sound level so as not to
d violate the regulations, the maximum distance of
x-coordinate of S1 = − sin θ
|
the plane from micro phone has to be 200 m. The
2
diagram that follows shows the situation exactly.
d d Let the aeroplane leave the runway, before x metres
(since OS1 = ); y-coordinates of S 2 = cos θ
| |

2 2 of the location of micro phone. Then, PM is the

24. For linear variation of temperature, we can write shortest distance between the microphone and the
temperature at a distance x from point A is aeroplane.
T2 − T1
Tx = T1 + x
l

Microphone
Thus velocity of sound at this point is given as

 T −T  900
v = α T1 +  2 1  x
 l 
0
30
dx M
= dt
 T −T 
= α T1 +  2 1  x ⇒ α T1 +  T2 − T1  x
dx
x
dt  l   l 
Integrating the above expression within proper x
PM = x sin 300 =
limits, we get 2
1 1
dx x
⇒ PM = 200 =
∫  T −T 
= ∫ dt
2
⇒ x = 400 m
0
α T1 +  2 1  x 0
So, the required distance is 1630-400=1230 m.
 l 
27. Path difference = ( µ − 1) d
1
2l  T2 − T1 
 T1 + x = t γ R (T0 )
α (T2 − T1 )  l 0 V0 m0 1
µ= = =
2l 2l V' γ R ( 4T0 ) 2
⇒t =  T2 − T1  t =
α (T2 − T1 )   ; α  T2 − T1  m0

NARAYANAGROUP 105
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

1  d ω 30
=
|Path difference| = |  − 1 d |= Frequency f =
2π π
Hz.
2  2
2π
λ d Wavelength l = =m
For minima, path difference = ( 2n + 1) = k
2 2 Further, 60 t and 2x are of same sign. Therefore,
V ( 2n + 1) the wave should travel in negative x-direction.
d V
=λ = V
( 2n + 1) f ; f = ; f min = ∴ All the options are correct.
d d
28. When detector is at O, we can see that the path 31. (BC) ; ω = 15 π , k = 10 π
difference in the two waves reaching O is ω
Speed of wave, v= = 1.5m/s
d = 2λ thus at O detector receives a maximum k
sound. When it reaches p and again there is a 2π 2π
Wavelength of wave l = = = 0.2 m
maximum sound detected at P the path difference k 10π
between two waves must be ∆ = λ . Thus from 10 π x and 15 π t have the same sign. Therefore,
the figure the path difference at P can be given as wave is traveling in negative x-direction.
∆ = S1P − S 2 P ; S1Q = 2λ cos θ ∴ correct options are (B) and (C).
32. (A, C) ;
Maximum speed of any point on the string = a ω
P
= a(2 π f)
Q
θ O
v 10
∴ = 10 = 10 = 1 (Given : v = 10 m/s)
S1 d = 2λ S2
1
∴ 2 π af = 1 ; ∴f =
2πa
D S
a = 10–3 m (Given)
And we have point P, path difference ∆ = λ , thus 1
=
103
∴ f= 2π × 10–3 2π
Hz
∆ = 2λ cos θ = λ
Speed of wave v = f λ
1 π
cos θ = ; θ =
2 3  103 –1 
Thus the value of x can be written as x = D tan θ ∴ (10 m/s) =  2π s  λ
 
π  ∴ λ = 2 π × 10 m–2

= D tan   = 3D 33. (AC); Superposition of two displacement is added

3
y = y1 + y2
29. Total path difference = AB + BC + λ / 2 = λ
dy
for maxima Hence Answer is (A); v p = v w ×
dx
h sec α cos 2α + h sec α = α / 2
2
α Hence, v p = 2 × = 1 cm / s
h sec α ( 2 cos α ) = α / 2 ; h =
2
2
sec α
For the particle between A and O.
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 34. (ABCD) ; It is given that
30. (ABCD) y(x, t) = 0.02 cos (50 π t + π /2) cos (10 π x)
y = 10–4 sin (60t + 2x) ≅ A cos( ω t + π /2) cos kx
A = 10–4 m, w = 60 rad/s, k = 2m–1 π 3π
Node occurs when kx = , etc.
ω 2 2
Speed of wave v = = 30 m/s
k π 3π
10 π x = , ⇒ x = 0.05 m, 0.15 (option a)
2 2
106 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
Antinode occurs when kx = π , 3 π , etc. P 1
10 π x = π , 3π I= or I α 2
4π r 2
r
⇒ x = 0.1 m, 0.3 m (option b) Hence, the shape of the curve between I and r will
Speed of the wave is given by also be same as that given in figure of the question.
ω 50π Hence option (a) is correct.
v= = = 5 m/s (option c)
k 10π If the source is a plane sound source then intensity
Wavelength is given by at every point in front of the source will be same if
2π 2π
damping does not take place. But if damping takes
  1
l = k = 10π =  5  m = 0.2 m (option d) place then the amplitude of oscillation of medium
 
particles decreases with distance. Hence, the
35. (C D ) nQ = 341 ± 3 = 344 Hz or 338 Hz intensity decreases with the distance from the
on waxing Q the no. of beats decreases source. In that case, the curve between I and r
36. (ABD) ; SCP = 130 m may have the same shape as shown in the figure
∆x = 10 m ; ∆x = n λ given in the question. Hence option (b) is also
correct.
10 10 10
λ= ; λ = 10,5, , & so on. If the source is a plane wave source, intensity at
n 3 4
every point of the source will be the same.
37. (A, B, C,D); The number of waves encountered But if power of the source is decreasing with time
by the moving plane per unit time is given by then intensity will also decrease with time. But at
distance travelled an instant, intensity at every density at every point
n= wavelength in front of source will also be same, though it will
decrease with time. Hence, option(c) is wrong.
c+v c v  v
= 1 +  = f 1 + 
= λ λ c  c
(option a) Intensity , I = 2π 2 n 2 a 2 ρ v
The stationary observer meets the frequency f ’ of Since, intensity I α ρ (density of medium) and
the incident wave and receives the reflected wave density I is decreasing with distance, therefore, the
of frequency f” emitted by the moving platform as density ρ also decreases with distance
f′ f (1 + v c ) f (c + v ) from the source. Hence, option (d) is also correct.
f”= 1 – v c = 1 – v c = (c – v) (option c)
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
c c c – v Passage:II
Wavelength, l” = f ′′ = f  c + v  (option b)
  42. (C) Beats will be detected by the ear only if beat
frequency fb = f1 - f2 < 10 Hz
f (1 + v c )
Beat frequency= f”–f = (1 – v c) – f 43. (D) When two sound waves of nearly equal
frequency travel in same direction produces beats.
1+ v c  (1 + v c) f 2vf
= f  1 – v c – 1 = (1 – v c) = c – v V 350 × 100
  44. (C) f1 = = = 1093.75
λ 32
38. (A,B,C,D); Due to propagation of a wave the
350 × 100 × 10
energy density at a point is given by E=I/v f2 = = = 1086.95
322
Where I is intensity at that point and v is wave
propagation velocity. fb = f1 - f2 = 7Hz
It means energy density E is directly proportional Passage:III
to intensity I. 45. (D) Path difference produced is
If power emitted by a point source is P then intensity 3 π
at a distance r from it is equal to ∆x = πR − R = πR
2 2

NARAYANAGROUP 107
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
For maxima : ∆x = n λ Passage: V
πR  v+v   1200 + 40 
∴ n λ = π R ⇒ λ = n ,n = 1,2,3,... 51. f = f 0  v + v − v  = 580 
m
 = 599 Hz.
 m s   1200 + 40 − 40 
λ 52. Let ‘x’ be the distance from hill where echo is heard
46. (A) For minima = πR = (2n − 1)
2
Thus, the possible values of l are ⇒ the distance travelled by train = (1 − x ) km
2 2 2 1− x 1 x 29
2πR, πR, πR, πR,..... = = + ⇒x= km
3 5 7 40 1240 1160 31

( )  v − v + v0 
2
47. (B) ; Maximum intensity, Imax = I1 + I2
53. fecho = f  v − v
m

 m 
I0
Here I1 = I2 = given Here f is the frequency that incidents on hill
2
580 × 1240  1200 − 40 + 40  580 × 1240 1200
2 =  = × =620 Hz.
 I I  1200  1200 − 40  1200 1160
∴ Imax =  2 + 2  = 2I0
0 0

 
Passage IV Passage VI 54,55,56
48. Total distance travelled by wave pulse in
A
t1 = L + V0t1
3R
(because observe moves by V0t1 in time t1 ) R
600 C
This distnce is also given by Vt1 O
600 2R (2R,O)
L
So, Vt1 = L + V0t1 ; t1 = 3R
V − V0
B
49. Total distance travelled by wave pulse in time t 2
Frequency detected by detector is maximum when
(measured from S ') = ( L − VsT ) + V0t2 source is directly towards it and minimum when it
is directly away from it.
Actual travel time = ( t2 − T ) From the geometry of diagram frequency detected
The above distance is also given by V ( t2 − T ) is maximum when source is at ‘A’ minimum when it
is at B
V ( t2 − T ) = ( L − VS T ) + V0t 2 3R
Time taken by source =
L + (V − V S )T
v
t2 =
(V − V0 ) distance travelled by source = vs .
3R
50. When source approaches stationary obeserver v

 V  330π 3
f1 = f   > f (but consant) ⇒ angle swept out = 6 3 . 330 = π / 6
 V − VS 
π π π
⇒ angle from horizontal = − =
When source recedes from stationary
3 6 6
 V 
observer f 2 = f  V + V  < f  R 3 R
 S 
⇒ coordinates of source  2 , 2 
(but constant)  

108 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII WAVES
similarly the coordinates of source when minimum P
frequency is detected are ( 0, - R ) 61. I =
4π r 2
v v 330
f min = f s = fs = fs S1
v + vs v + vs 330π
330 + 3m
6 3 P
A
6 3 6 3
= fs ; similarly f max = f s 5m
π +6 3 π−6 3 S2

MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS B

58. (A) – (q), (B) – (r), (C) – (s), (D) – (p)
y = a sin kx cos ωt 0.9π mW 1
I1 = = mW = 25 µ W / m 2
4π ( 3)
2
4
1
dk = × (µdx)[ a sin kx ω cos ωt ]2
2 9π mW 9
I2 = = mW = 9 µ W / m 2
40π ( 5 )
2
1 1000
= µdx × a 2ω 2 sin 2 kx sin 2 ωt
2
For incoherent source,
I R = I1 + I 2 = ( 25 + 9 ) = 34 µ W / m 2
1
k = µa 2 k 2 c 2 sin 2 ω t ∫ (sin 2 kx) dx
l

2 0

For coherent source, ∆=0

1 2 2 2 2 L
= µa k c sin ωt   now put the value of I R = I1 + I 2 + 2 I1I 2
2 2
2π
( ) = ( 5 + 3) = 64 µ W / m 2
2
I1 + I 2
2
k=
λ

( )
2
59. A - r, B - r, C - p, D - q For δ = ±π , I R = I1 − I 2
(A)
= ( 5 − 3) = 4 µW / m 2
2
2π π
∆ x = 10 cm ; ∆φ = λ × ∆x = 2
If the speaker S 2 is switched off,
A = A12 + A 22 = 10 cm I R = I1 = 25 µ W / m 2
(B) ∆ x = 10 cm ; (C) ∆ x = 7.5 - 2.5
INTEGER ANSWER QUESTIONS
2π π
∆φ = ×5 =  V 
40 4 62. (4) f1 = f 0  V − V cos θ 
 s 
1
A = 62 + 82 + 2 × 6 × 8 ×
2 = 167.88
340
= 640 × = 680Hz f1 − f 0 = 40
340 − 20
A = 12.95 cm
63. (3) y = 2Asin kx cos ωt
(D) ∆ x = 0
∆P = 2BAk cos kx cos ωt
∆f=0
A = A1 + A2 = 14 cm ∆P A 1 2
= =
60. (A - q,r); (B - p,s); (C -p); (D -p,r) ∆P B π 3 ; n = 3.
cos
Apply Dopplers effect 2n

NARAYANAGROUP 109
 WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- VII
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

n T n T  v 
64. 7 ; v = ⇒ 420 = 69. From the relation, f ’ = f  v ± v  , we have
2l µ 2l µ  s 

n +1 T  300 
420 + 10 x = ; Solving x = 7 2.2 = f  300 – v  …(1)
2l µ  T 

65. 3
 300 
and 1.8 = f  300 + v  …(2)
S  T 

Here, vT = vs = velocity of source/train

Solving Eqs. (1) & (2), we get vT = 30 m/s ; n = 3
x
 V   V 
70. n  4 L  = m  2L  -------------(1)
 c  0

 V   V 
D
also, 3  4 L  = 2  2 L  ----------(2)
 c  0
1
 x2 2 Lc 3
2  22 +  − x = 2 ⇒ x = 3m
 4 From equation (2) L = 4
o

λ v 336
66. = 20 ; l = 80 cm ; f = = × 100 From equation(1)
4 λ 80
n L  6 3 9
= 2 c  = = =
λ1 ? m  Lo  4 2 6
4 = 420 Hz
S1 D n = 9 if m = 6

 300 
350 350 71. f1 = 900   = 900 − 3V1
67. 7; ∆f = − ≈7  300 + V1 
0.32 0.322
68. Given f1 – f2 = 3 Hz likewise, f 2 = 900 − 3V2
 v   v 
or f  v – v  – f  v + v  =3 given f 2 − f1 = 6
 s   s 

 340   340  3 (V1 − V2 ) = 6 ; V1 − V2 = 2m / sec

or 340  340 – v  – 340  340 + v  =3
 s   s 

72. f 0 − f c = 2 ; V  −  = 2 ;
1 1
 V /L =8
vs    vs  
–1
 2 L 4L 
or 340 1 – 340   – 340 1 + 340   = 3
    
in second case,
as vs << 340 m/s
V V 7V 7
Using binomial expansion, we have f 0| − f c| = − ; = (8 ) = 7
L 8L 8L 8
 vs   vs 
340  1 + 340  – 340 1 – 340  = 3
    I1 a12 f12 (3)2 (8)2
73. (1) I a 2 f 2 (2)2 (12)2 = 1
= =
2 × 340 × vs 2 2 2
∴ 340
= 3; ∴ vs = 1.5 m/s

110 NARAYANAGROUP