Manual of Experiments - Expt - 1
Manual of Experiments - Expt - 1
Experiment Steps:
(i) Observe output characteristic i.e., Ic vs. Vce for three different values of Ib using the circuit
shown in Fig. 1.a(i).
(ii) Observe input to output trans-characteristics i.e., Ic vs. Vbe and input characteristic i.e., Ib
vs. Vbe (while keeping the transistor in active region of operation) using the circuit shown
in Fig. 1.a(ii).
Calculations Steps:
(iii) From Ic vs. Vce characteristic, find the values of Early voltage (VA) and small signal
collector-emitter resistance ro for each of the values of Ib.
(iv) From trans-characteristic (i.e., Ic vs. Vbe), find the value of trans-conductance, gm (from
Input-Output characteristic)
(v) From the input characteristic (i.e., Ib vs. Vbe ), find the value of small signal input
resistance, r and the value of IS(B) (assuming non-
(vi) Combining the trans-characteristic and the input characteristic obtain the trans-
characteristic Ic vs. Ib F and small
o .
Notes:
(i) The given circuit diagrams are only for n-p-n transistors. You may construct appropriate
circuit for p-n-p transistor characterization.
(ii) Caution: the base bias resistor Rb should be high to avoid burnout of the BJT !
Vcc Vcc
Rb1 R2
Ic R2 Ic R1
Rb
R1
Rb2
Vce Vce
Ib Rb3
Vbe
Gnd Gnd
Experiment Steps:
(i) A simple common emitter (fixed bias) circuit shown in Fig. 1.b. Find suitable values of
the bias resistors Rb and Rc such that IC is in the range of 1-2mA and VCE is around 6V
(with Vcc = 12V).
Vcc
Rc
Rb
Vce
Gnd
Fig. 1.b