Submitted by: Riccie Mae R.

Garcia

Topic: Great Football Team: Philippine Azkals

Submitted to: Mrs. Deypalubos Date of Submission: September 29, 2011

INTRODUCTION
Football may refer to one of a number of team sports which all involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer". Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, including American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby union and other related games. These variations of football are known as football "codes". A football team has started in the Philippines in 2010. Their name is Azkals which is from a play on the Filipino term for stray dogs (asong kalye), or dogs without a home or without pedigree. The Philippines national football team is the national football team of the Philippines and represents the country in international football. The team is controlled by the Philippine Football Federation (PFF), the governing body of football in the Philippines. Despite being one of the oldest national teams in Asia, the Philippines have never qualified for the Asian Cup or the World Cup. However, they enjoyed some success in its early years between 1913 and 1934 in the Far Eastern Championship Games. In September 2006 the country fell to 195th on the FIFA World Rankings, its lowest ever. By the end of the year, the Philippines moved back up to 171st overall, after a good run in the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship qualification. They were able to win three games in a row which was a first for the Philippines and thus qualifying for the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship. Coach at that time Aris Caslib, aimed to reach the semi-finals with two wins at the group stage. The decision came despite Philippine Football Federation president Juan Miguel Romualdez stating that they would still be underdogs in the tournament and that they mustn't raise their expectations too high, as the Philippines have only won their first ever win of the tournament during the 2004 edition.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages

Football Early History 1

Rugby History

About Football

About Rugby

Team History

Players

Team Affiliations

FOOTBALL EARLY HISTORY Ancient games

The Ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games, some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman gameharpastum is believed to have been adapted from a Greek team game known as "" (episkyros) or "" (phaininda), which is mentioned by a Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388311 BC) and later referred to by the Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria (c.150-c.215 AD). These games appear to have resembled rugby football. The Roman politician Cicero (10643 BC) describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barber's shop. Roman ball games already knew the air-filled ball, the follis. There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games, played by indigenous people sin many different parts of the world. For example, in 1586, men from a ship commanded by an English explorer named John Davis, went ashore to play a form of football with Inuit (Eskimo) people in Greenland.

Medieval and early modern Europe

The Middle Ages saw a huge rise in popularity of annual Shrovetide football matches throughout Europe, particularly in England. The game played in England at this time may have arrived with the Roman occupation, but the only preNorman reference is to boys playing "ball games" in the 9th century Historia Brittonum. Reports of a game played in Brittany,Normandy, and Picardy, known as La Soule or Choule, suggest that some of these football games could have arrived in England as a result of the Norman Conquest. These forms of football, sometimes referred to as "mob football", would be played between neighbouring towns and villages, involving an unlimited number of players on opposing teams, who would clash in a heaving mass of people, struggling to move an item such as an inflated pig's bladder, to particular geographical points, such as their opponents' church. Shrovetide games have survived into the modern era in a number of English towns. The first detailed description of what was almost certainly football in England was given by William Fitz Stephen in about 11741183. He described the activities of London youths during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday. Other firsts in the medival and early modern eras:

"a football", in the sense of a ball rather than a game, was first mentioned in 1486. This reference is in Dame Juliana Berners' Book of St Albans. It states: "a certain rounde instrument to play with ...it is an instrument for the foote and then it is calde in Latyn 'pila pedalis', a fotebal." a pair of football boots was ordered by King Henry VIII of England in 1526.

women playing a form of football was in 1580, when Sir Philip Sidney described it in one of his poems: "[a] tyme there is for all, my mother often sayes, When she, with skirts tuckt very hy, with girles at football playes." the first references to goals are in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1584 and 1602 respectively, John Norden and Richard Carew referred to "goals" in Cornish hurling. Carew described how goals were made: "they pitch two bushes in the ground, some eight or ten foote asunder; and directly against them, ten or twelue [twelve] score off, other twayne in like distance, which they terme their Goales". He is also the first to describe goalkeepers and passing of the ball between players. the first direct reference to scoring a goal is in John Day's play The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green (performed circa 1600; published 1659): "I'll play a gole at camp-ball" (an extremely violent variety of football, which was popular in East Anglia). Similarly in a poem in 1613, Michael Drayton refers to "when the Ball to throw, And drive it to the Gole, in squadrons forth they goe".

Calcio Fiorentino
In the 16th century, the city of Florence celebrated the period between Epiphany and Lent by playing a game which today is known as "calcio storico" ("historic kickball") in the Piazza Santa Croce. The young aristocrats of the city would dress up in fine silk costumes and embroil themselves in a violent form of football. For example, calcio players could punch, shoulder charge, and kick opponents. Blows below the belt were allowed. The game is said to have originated as a military training exercise. In 1580, Count Giovanni de' Bardi di Vernio wrote Discorso sopra 'l giuoco del Calcio Fiorentino. This is sometimes said to be the earliest code of rules for any football game. The game was not played after January 1739 (until it was revived in May 1930).

RUGBY HISTORY
A game of rugby football developed from a version of football played at Rugby School and was originally one of several different versions of football played at English public schools during the 19th century. The game of football that was played at Rugby School between 1750 and 1859 permitted handling of the ball, but no one was allowed to run with it in their hands towards the opposition's goal. There was no fixed limit to the number of players per side and sometimes there were hundreds taking part in a kind of enormous rolling maul. This sport caused major injury at times. The innovation of running with the ball was introduced sometime between 1859 and 1865. The popular myth of the sport's origin states that Rugby pupil, William Webb Ellis broke the local rules by running forward with the ball in his hands in a game in 1823. Rugby School produced the first written rules for their version of the sport in 1845.

In the result that the teams were still tied at the end of the match, a drop goal shootout was held. The selected kickers of the two teams would have one shot at the goal each and would take turns shooting at the goal until one of the kickers missedThis is how the game is played today from the kick-off.

FOOTBALL Use of the word "football"

The word "football", when used in reference to a specific game can mean any one of those described above. Because of this, much friendly controversy has occurred over the term football, primarily because it is used in different ways in different parts of the English-speaking world. Most often, the word "football" is used to refer to the code of football that is considered dominant within a particular region. So, effectively, what the word "football" means usually depends on where one says it. Association football is known generally as soccer where other codes of football are dominant, including: the United States, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. American football is always football in the United States. In francophone Quebec, where Canadian football is more popular, the Canadian code is known as football and association football is known as le soccer. Of the 45 national FIFA affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, most currently use Football in their organizations' official names. The FIFA affiliates in Canada and the United States use Soccer in their names. A few FIFA affiliates have recently "normalized" to using "Football", including:

Australia's association football governing body changed its name in 2007 from using "soccer" to "football"[71] New Zealand also changed in 2007, saying "the international game is called football." Samoa changed from "Samoa Football (Soccer) Federation" to "Football Federation Samoa" in 2009.

RUGBY Laws
Distinctive features common to both rugby codes include the oval ball and the ban on throwing the ball forward, so that players can gain ground only by running with the ball or by kicking it. As the sport of rugby league moved further away from its union counterpart, rule changes were implemented with the aim of making a faster-paced, more try-orientated game.

The main differences between the two games, besides league having teams of 13 players and union of 15, involve the tackle and its aftermath:

Union players contest possession following the tackle: depending on the situation, either a ruck or a maul can occur. League players may not contest possession after making a tackle: play is continued with a play-the-ball. In league, if the team in possession fails to score before a set of six tackles, it surrenders possession. Union has no six-tackle rule; a team can keep the ball for an unlimited number of tackles before scoring as long as it maintains possession and does not commit an offence.

Set pieces of the union code include the scrum, where packs of opposing players push against each other for possession, and the line-out, where parallel lines of players from each team, arranged perpendicular to the touch-line attempt to catch the ball thrown from touch. A rule has been added to line outs which allows the jumper to be pulled down once his feet are on the ground. In the league code, the scrum still exists, but with greatly reduced importance as it involves fewer players and is rarely contested. Set pieces are generally started from the play-the-ball situation. Many of the rugby league positions have similar names and requirements to rugby union positions, but there are no flankers in rugby league.

TEAM HISTORY
In September 2006 the country fell to 195th on the FIFA World Rankings, its lowest ever. By the end of the year, the Philippines moved back up to 171 st overall, after a good run in the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship qualification. They were able to win three games in a row which was a first for the Philippines and thus qualifying for the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship. Coach at that time Aris Caslib, aimed to reach the semi-finals with two wins at the group stage. The decision came despite Philippine Football Federation president Juan Miguel Romualdez stating that they would still be underdogs in the tournament and that they mustn't raise their expectations too high, as the Philippines have only won their first ever win of the tournament during the 2004 edition. The Philippines eventually failed to reach their target, only getting a draw in three matches. Their poor performances led to Caslib's resignation, as well as the refusal of the PFF to register and enter the qualification stages for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. They would be one of four nations, all from Southeast Asia not to enter after a record number of entries. However it was revealed that the decision not to enter the 2010 as well as the 2006 World Cup qualification was made during the PFF presidency of Rene Adad, whose term ended in 2003. Instead, the PFF wanted to focus on domestic and regional competitions. Since 2007, the Philippines have failed to qualify for a major competition. They came close in 2008 after missing out on the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup only on goal difference, and the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup with an inferior goals scored record. In 2010,

they qualified for the 2010 AFF Suzuki Cup, where they stayed undefeated in the group stage and also went on to beat defending champions Vietnam, becoming one of the biggest upsets in the history of the tournament. The team reached the knockout stage for the first time, eventually losing to Indonesia in the semifinals. In 2011, the Philippines qualified for the AFC Challenge Cup for the first time since qualifiers were introduced in the tournament. On July 3, 2011, the Philippines recorded their first ever victory in FIFA World Cup Qualifiers, beating Sri Lanka 40 in the second leg of the first preliminary round. They advanced 51 on aggregate, drawing 11 in the first leg before winning at the Rizal Memorial Stadium.

PLAYERS Current squad

Twenty players have been called up to represent the Philippines in the upcoming 2011 Long Teng Cup which will be held in Kaoshiung, Taiwan (It will be a mixture of veterans and the Philippine U-23 team which is preparing for the 2011 Southeast Asian Games) Match Date: September 30, October 2 and 4 Opposition: Hong Kong Chinese Taipei No. Pos. Player DoB/Age 2 March 1988 (age 23) 14 February 1980 (age 31) 28 June 1983 (age 28) 30 November 1988 (age 22) 13 February 1987 (age 24) 13 November 1988 (age 22) Macau Caps Club Duisburg Philippine Army Kaya Racing Club Portuense Preussen Green Archers United University of the Philippines Pachanga Philippine Army

20 GK Roland Mller 22 GK Eduard Sacapao Alexander Borromeo (captain) Carlos Alberto Martnez 14 DF de Murga 11 DF DF Oliver Ptschke DF Lemuel Unabia DF Reymark Fernandez DF Neckson Leonora 6 DF Roel Gener

22 March 1989 (age 22) 27 June 1974 (age 37)

7 MF James Younghusband 12 MF ngel Guirado 13 MF Emelio Caligdong 17 MF Jason de Jong 8 MF Mark Hartmann 21 MF Matthew Hartmann MF Lexton Moy 24 FW Misagh Bahadoran 10 FW Phil Younghusband 23 FW Ian Araneta FW Jeffrey Christiaens

4 September 1986 (age 25) 9 December 1984 (age 26) 28 September 1982 (age 29) 28 February 1990 (age 21) 20 January 1992 (age 19) 19 August 1989 (age 22) 24 January 1985 (age 26) 10 January 1987 (age 24) 4 August 1987 (age 24) 2 March 1982 (age 29) 17 May 1991 (age 20)

Loyola Agila Global Philippine Air Force Dordrecht Loyola Agila Loyola Agila Kaya Global Loyola Agila Philippine Air Force Torhout

TEAM AFFILITIATIONS AFF:

ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) is a subset of nations within the Asian Football Confederation from Southeast Asia. ASEAN stands for Association of South East Asian Nations. The AFF was founded in 1984 by the nations of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam joined the AFF in 1996. In 1996, the federation ran the first Tiger Cup and since then it has further expanded its role. Today the AFF is still expanding with East Timor joining the organization in 2004 and Australia joined the Asian Football Confederation on January 1, 2006. Australia has sent youth squads to the ASEAN Youth Tournaments. On August 7, 2008, AFF formally announced Suzuki as the new sponsor of their premier international competition, the ASEAN Football Championship.

AFC:
The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) is the governing body of association football in Asia. It has 46 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent. Due to the disputed boundary of Europe and Asia, transcontinental nations such as Turkey and Russia are instead in the UEFA, whereas countries such as Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and Israel are entirely in Asia (Central or Western Asia) and still members of the UEFA. On the other hand, Australia, formerly in the OFC, has been in the AFC since 2006, in the same way as the Oceanian nations of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands, which are also members of AFC. The AFC was founded on 8 May 1954 in Manila, Philippines, and is one of FIFA's six continental confederations. The main headquarters is located in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The current acting president is Zhang Jilong of People's Republic of China.

FIFA:
The (French: Fdration Internationale de Football Association), commonly known by the acronym FIFA (usual /fif/), is the international governing body of association football, futsal and beach football. Its headquarters are located in Zurich, Switzerland, and its current president is Sepp Blatter, who is in his fourth successive term. FIFA is responsible for the organisation and governance of football's major international tournaments, most notably the FIFA World Cup, held since 1930. Nineteen editions of the FIFA World Cup have been held so far. The next edition is to be held in Brazil in 2014. FIFA has 208 member associations, three more than the International Olympic Committee and four fewer than theInternational Association of Athletics Federations: not all members are sovereign states.

CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that football is the game played by the ancients. It rendered in the whole world since the Period of ancient Greeks and Romans. And continues in Medieval and early modern period. The middle Ages saw a huge rise in popularity of annual Shrovetide football matches throughout Europe, particularly in England. Association football is known generally as soccer where other codes of football are dominant, including: the United States, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. American football is always football in the United States. In francophone Quebec, where Canadian football is more popular, the Canadian code is known as football and association football is known as le soccer. And the Rugby football is the game of football that was played at Rugby School between 1750 and 1859 permitted handling of the ball, but no one was allowed to run with it in their hands towards the opposition's goal. There was no fixed limit to the number of players per side and sometimes there were hundreds taking part in a kind of enormous rolling maul. This sport caused major injury at times. The Azkals started in September 2006 the country fell to 195th on the FIFA World Rankings, its lowest ever. By the end of the year, the Philippines moved back up to 171st overall, after a good run in the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship qualification. They were able to win three games in a row which was a first for the Philippines and thus qualifying for the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship. Twenty players have been called up to represent the Philippines in the upcoming 2011 Long Teng Cup which will be held in Kaoshiung, Taiwan (It will be a mixture of veterans and the Philippine U-23 team which is preparing for the 2011 Southeast Asian Games). They have three affiliations it is the AFF, AFC and the FIFA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bale, J. R., 'Geographical Diffusion and the Adoption of Professionalism in England and Wales', Geography, vol. 63, 1978, 188-197. Evans, Alun, Football on the Edge: The Relationship between Welsh Football Policy-Making and the British International Championship, M.A. Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. Frankenberg, Ronald, Village on the Border: A Social Study of Religion, Politics and Football in a North Wales Community (London, 1957). Johnes, Martin, That Other Game: A Social History of Soccer in South Wales, c.190639, Univeristy of Wales Ph. D. Thesis, 1998. Johnes, Martin, Fred Keenor: A Welsh Soccer Hero, The Sports Historian, Forthcoming, 1998. Johnes, Martin, 'Irredeemably English?', Planet: The Welsh Internationalist, Forthcoming, 1998. Lile, Brian & Farmer, David, 'The Early Development of Association Football in South Wales, 1890-1906', The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1984, 193-215. Wagg Stephen, 'The Missionary Position: Football in the Societies of Britain and Ireland', in Williams, John & Wagg, Stephen (eds.), British Football and Social Change: Getting into Europe (Leicester, 1991). Facebook. Facebook page. November 8, 2010. September 2, 2011. <http://www.facebook.com/pages/PHL-Azkals-Philippine-National-FootballTeam/112401518830408> Jeffrey Wong. Azkals website Azkals. Jeffery Wong. Worldpress. September 2, 2011. <http://www.azkals.com/>

CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that noise can be defined as an unwanted or undesired sound. Decibel is the standard unit for measurement of sound. Usually 80 db is the level at which sound becomes physically painful. And can be termed as noise. Humans, animals, plants and even inert objects like buildings and bridges have been victims of the increasing noise pollution caused in the world. Be it human or machine-created, noise disrupts the activity and balance of life. While traffic dons the cap of being the largest noise maker throughout the world, there are many others that add to it, making our globe susceptible to its effects. The effect of noise pollution is multi-faceted and inter-related. In the following lines, we have provided some of the causes and effects of noise pollution. No one on earth can escape the sounds of noise- an unwanted, disturbing sound that causes a nuisance in the eye of the beholder. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noises in all areas, especially in urban areas, have been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. In the following paper, the cause and effects of noise pollution will be presented in some detail. Slowly, insensibly, we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although we attempt to set standards for some of the most major sources of noise, we often are unable to monitor them. Major sources of noise can be airplanes at takeoff and landing, and a truck just off the assembly line, yet we seem accept and enjoy countless other sounds, from hard rock music to loud Harley Davidson motor cycles. The following areas will be investigated in some detail; adolescent education, neural-effects, sleep, hearing damage, occupational environment, transportation, and physiological effects. Barking dogs, lawn mowers, leaf blowers, power saws, snow blowers, church bells, jackhammers, motorcycles, airplanes, car stereo systems, and traffic generally have combined to such a degree that noise induced irritation, annoyance, discomfort, and hearing impairment have become a significant public health issue, certainly enough of one to motivate a political response.