football new
football new
football new
Umair Ali
FA16-BBA-101
9/30/2016 FOOTBALL
Table of Contents
Football----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Common rules among the sports include-------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Early history----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Ancient games------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
List of Figures
Association football, Australian rules football and Gaelic football tend to use
kicking to move the ball around the pitch, with handling more limited. Body
tackles are less central to the game, and players are freer to move around
the field (offside laws are typically less strict)
Scoring goals or points by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the
field and either into a goal area, or over a line.
Early history
Ancient games
Figure 2: Painting
The Ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball
games, some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman game
harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a Greek team game
Umair Ali Page 5
known as "ἐπίσκυρος" (Episkyros) or "φαινίνδα" (phaininda), which is
mentioned by a Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388–311 BC) and later
referred to by the Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c.
215 AD). These games appear to have resembled rugby football. The
Roman politician Cicero (106–43 BC) describes the case of a man who
was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barber's
shop. Roman ball games already knew the air-filled ball, the follis.
Episkyros is recognized as an early form of football by FIFA.
A Chinese game called Tsu' Chu, Cuju or Zuqiu has been recognized by
FIFA as the first version of the game with regular rules. It existed during the
Han Dynasty, the second and third centuries BC. The Japanese version of
cuju is kemari ( 蹴 鞠 ), and was developed during the Asuka period. This is
known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto
from about 600 AD. In kemari several people stand in a circle and kick a
ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like
keepie uppie). The game appears to have died out sometime before the
mid-19th century. It was revived in 1903 and is now played at a number of
festivals.
These games and others may well go far back into antiquity. However, the
main sources of modern football codes appear to lie in Western Europe,
especially England.
After lunch all the youth of the city go out into the fields to take part in a ball
game. The students of each school have their own ball; the workers from
each city craft are also carrying their balls. Older citizens, fathers, and
wealthy citizens come on horseback to watch their juniors competing, and
to relive their own youth vicariously: you can see their inner passions
aroused as they watch the action and get caught up in the fun being had by
the carefree adolescents.
An early reference to a ball game that was probably football comes from
1280 at Ulgham, Northumberland, England: "Henry... while playing at ball.
ran against David”. Football was played in Ireland in 1308, with a
documented reference to John McCrocan, a spectator at a "football game"
at Newcastle, County Down being charged with accidentally stabbing a
player named William Bernard. Another reference to a football game comes
in 1321 at Shouldham, Norfolk, England: "[d]during the game at ball as he
kicked the ball, a lay friend of his... ran against him and wounded himself".