RAJA BALWANT SINGH ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CAMPUS, BICHPURI, AGRA

B. Tech-Ist/2nd Semester
Session: (2023-2024)
Subject: Physics (BAS-101/BAS201), UNIT- I, Quantum Mechanics, ASSIGNMENT-I

1. What are the inadequacies of classical mechanics?

2. Explain Planck’s theory of quantum mechanics.
3. What are the matter waves? Write some properties/characteristics of matter waves.
4. What is the de-Broglie hypothesis? Explain Bohr’s quantization rule on the basis of the de-Broglie hypothesis.
5. Find the de-Broglie wavelength for an electron of energy V eV.
6. What is the Davisson and Germer experiment? Give its experimental arrangement, working, and results. Prove
that it’s consistent with the de-Broglie hypothesis.
7. What are the phase (vp) and group (vg) velocities?
8. A particle of charge q and mass m is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V, calculate its de-Broglie
12.28
wavelength if the particle is an electron and potential difference V = 50 volts. [Hint-λ = Å, Ans: 1.73 Å]
√𝑉
9. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton moving with a velocity equal to 1/20th of the velocity
ℎ
of light. [Hint: λ= 𝑝, p = mv, v=c/20, mp= 1.67x10−27kg, Ans: 2.643×10-14 m].
10. What is the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 volts?
12.28
Hint- λ = Å, Ans-1.23 Å]
√𝑉
11. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of an α-particle accelerated through a potential difference of 200 volts. [Hint:
ℎ
λ= , E=qV, m=4mp, mp= 1.67x10−27 kg, q=2e, e=1.6x10-19C; Ans.: 7.1x10-13m].
√2𝑚𝐸
1 ℎ ℎ
12. Find the de-Broglie wavelength of a 15 keV electron. [Hint- 2 𝑚𝑣 2 = 15kev, p = mv, λ = 𝑝, Also; λ = ,
√2𝑚𝐸
3 -19 −31
E=15x10 x1.6x10 , m= 9.1x10 kg, Ans: 0.1Å]
ℎ 1
13. Calculate the velocity and K.E. of a neutron having de-Broglie wavelength 1 Å. [Hint- v = 𝑚𝜆, K.E. = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 ,
λ=1x10-10m, mn=1.67x10−27 kg, Ans: v = 3.96×103 m/s, K.E. = 1.301x10-20 J = 0.082 eV]
14. A proton is moving with a speed of 2×108 m/s. Find the wavelength of matter waves associated with it. [2003]
ℎ 𝑚 𝑣
[Hint- λ= 𝑝, p = mv = 0 2, 𝑚0 = 1.67x10−27, Ans: 1.47×10-5 Å]
√1−𝑣2
𝑐
15. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of neutron of energy 28.8 eV. Given h = 6.62×10-34 J-sec; m= 1.67×10-27 kg.
ℎ
[ Hint-λ = , Ans: 0.05Å]
𝐸√2𝑚0
16. Can a photon and an electron of the same momentum have the same wavelength? Compare their wavelength if
ℎ ℎ
the two have the same energy. [2005, 2012] [Hint – The momentum of electron 𝑝𝑒 = 𝜆 , mom. of photon 𝑝𝑝ℎ = 𝜆 ,
𝑒 𝑝
ℎ ℎ𝑐
then 𝜆𝑒 =𝜆𝑝 , the wavelength of electron 𝜆𝑒 = , the wavelength of photon 𝜆𝑝ℎ = , as E = hc /𝜆, dividing both
√2𝑚𝐸 𝐸
𝜆𝑝 2𝑚𝑐 2
wavelengths we get the answer. Ans: =√ ].
𝜆𝑒 𝐸
17. Find the kinetic energy of a proton whose de Broglie wavelength is 10-15m. [Ans.: 617 MeV] [Hint: mp=
m0=1.67x10-27kg, rest mass energy of proton = m0c2= 938 MeV, pc= hc/ λ = 1241 MeV, pc > m0c2,
E=√(𝑝𝑐)2 + (𝑚0 𝑐 2 )2 = 1555 MeV, KE = (1555 – 938) MeV = 617 MeV].
18. Electrons are accelerated through 344 volts and are reflected from a crystal. The first reflection maximum occurs
ℎ
when glancing angle is 600. Determine the spacing of the crystal. [Ans.: 0.5A0] [Hint: λ = , E=eV=1.6 x10-
√2𝑚𝐸
19 0 ℎ -10
x 344 J, 2dsin=n𝜆, n=1, 2dsin60 =1. , d=0.5x10 Å]
√2𝑚𝐸
19. What do you understand by wave function ψ? Discuss its physical significance.
20. Derive time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger’s equations for matter-wave.
21. Find an expression for the energy states of a particle in a one–dimensional box. Calculate the normalized wave
function.
22. Find the energy of an electron moving in one dimension in an infinitely high potential box of width 1Å. [Ans: E=
𝑛2 ℎ 2
= 37.69 eV]
8𝑚𝐿2

1
23. A particle is in motion along a line between x = 0 and x = a with zero potential energy, at points for which x < 0
and x > a, the potential energy is infinite. The wave function for the particle in the nth state is given by 𝜓𝑛 = A
𝑛𝜋𝑥
sin 𝑎 . Find the expression for the normalized wave function. OR A particle of mass m is represented by the
𝑛𝜋𝑥
wave function 𝜓1 = An sin in the range 0≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 and ψ = 0 elsewhere. Find the normalized form of the
𝑎
𝑛𝜋𝑥 +∞
wave function. [Hint: 𝜓𝑛 = 𝐴 sin , for finding A, apply normalization condition as ∫−∞ |𝜓𝑛 |2 dx = 1 Solution
𝑎
2 2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
fives A = √𝑎, thus normalized wave function 𝜓𝑛 = √𝑎 sin ]
𝑎
24. An electron is bound in the one-dimensional potential box which has a width of 2.5×10-10 m. Assuming the height
𝑛2 ℎ 2
of the box to be infinite, calculate the lowest two permitted energy values of the electron.[Ans: E= 8𝑚𝐿2, n = 1 ,
n= 2, E1 = 6.14 eV, E2 = 24.16 eV]
25. A particle confined to move along X–axis has the wave function ax between x 0 and x 1.0 and 0
elsewhere. Find the probability that particle can be found between x = 0.35 to x 0.45. [Ans: Probability P =
1 1 1
0.016 a 2 = 0.0277] [Hint: Using normalization condition, ∫0 |𝜓𝑛 |2 dx = 1 , ∫0 (𝑎𝑥)2 dx = 1, 𝑎2 ∫0 𝑥 2 dx = 1 , a2
1
𝑥3 𝑥 0.45
[ ] = 1 , we get a2 = 3, or a = √3 = 1.732, P = ∫𝑥 2|𝜓𝑛 |2 dx, put ψn =ax, x1=0.35, x2= 0.45, So P = ∫0.35 (𝑎𝑥)2
3 0 1
0.45
𝑥3
dx = a2 ( 3 ) = 0.016a2 = 0.016×1.732 = 0.0277].
0.35
26. Find the probabilities of finding a particle trapped in a box of length L in the region from 0.45 L to 0.55 L for the
2 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥
ground state and the first excited state. [2008] [Ans: 𝜓𝑛 = √𝐿 sin , P = ∫𝑥 2|𝜓𝑛 |2 dx = 𝐿 ∫𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( ) dx =
𝐿 1 1 𝐿
2 𝑥2 1 2𝜋𝑛𝑥 1 𝐿 2𝜋𝑛𝑥 𝑥2
∫𝑥 (1 − cos ) dx = 𝐿 [𝑥 − 2𝜋𝑛 sin ] , x1 = 0.45L, x2 = 0.55 L, n = 1 for ground state, P = 19.8%,
𝐿 1 2 𝐿 𝐿 𝑥1
Similarly for n = 2, P = 0.65%]
27. Calculate the energy difference between the ground and first excited states for an electron in a one-dimensional
𝑛2 ℎ 2
rigid box of length 10-8 cm. [Ans: E= 8𝑚𝐿2 , n = 1 , n= 2, E1 = 38 eV, E2 = 152 eV, ΔE = 114 eV].
ℎ
28. What is the Compton effect? Derive a suitable expression for Compton Shift (λ’-λ = Δλ = 𝑚 𝑐(1-Cosɸ), direction
𝑜
and energy of recoil electrons.
29. X-rays of wavelength 2Å are scattered from a black body and X-rays are scattered at an angle of 45o. Calculate
Compton shift (Δλ), and wavelength of the scattered Photons (λ’) and find the energy lost by the photons in the
ℎ
collision. [ Hint Δλ = 𝑚 c(1-Cosɸ), Loss of energy = hc/ λ – hc/ λ’).
𝑜