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    Campbell Biology 12th Edition Summary

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    princesje05
    This document provides an overview of chapter summaries for Campbell Biology 12th edition. It lists various chapter sections that cover topics such as animal form and function, the hierarchical organization of plants consisting of organs, tissues and cells, primary growth in roots and shoots, and secondary growth increasing the diameter of stems and roots in woody plants. The summaries briefly describe key concepts like physical constraints on animal size, the tissue systems that make up vascular plants, and the roles of different cell types such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma.

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    Campbell Biology 12th Edition Summary

    Uploaded by

    princesje05
    1K views6 pages
    This document provides an overview of chapter summaries for Campbell Biology 12th edition. It lists various chapter sections that cover topics such as animal form and function, the hierarchical organization of plants consisting of organs, tissues and cells, primary growth in roots and shoots, and secondary growth increasing the diameter of stems and roots in woody plants. The summaries briefly describe key concepts like physical constraints on animal size, the tissue systems that make up vascular plants, and the roles of different cell types such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma.

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    Campbell Biology Summarry

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    Campbell biology 12th edition summary

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    This document provides an overview of chapter summaries for Campbell Biology 12th edition. It lists various chapter sections that cover topics such as animal form and function, the hierarchical organization of plants consisting of organs, tissues and cells, primary growth in roots and shoots, and secondary growth increasing the diameter of stems and roots in woody plants. The summaries briefly describe key concepts like physical constraints on animal size, the tissue systems that make up vascular plants, and the roles of different cell types such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views6 pages

    Campbell Biology 12th Edition Summary

    Uploaded by

    princesje05
    This document provides an overview of chapter summaries for Campbell Biology 12th edition. It lists various chapter sections that cover topics such as animal form and function, the hierarchical organization of plants consisting of organs, tissues and cells, primary growth in roots and shoots, and secondary growth increasing the diameter of stems and roots in woody plants. The summaries briefly describe key concepts like physical constraints on animal size, the tissue systems that make up vascular plants, and the roles of different cell types such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Campbell Biology 12th edition summary

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    40.1
    35.1 t/m 35.4
    7.1 t/m 7.7
    36.1 + 37.1 t/m 37.4 + figuur 10.1, 10.5 en 11.5
    40.4 + 42.1 t/m 42.4 + figuur 10.1, 10.5 en 11.5
    36.2 t/m 36.5
    43.1
    39.1 t/m 39.5
    41.1 t/m 41.5 + 42.5

    1
    40.1: Animal form and function are correlated at all levels
    of organisation

     Physical laws constrain the evolution of an animal’s size and shape. These
    constraints contribute to convergent evolution in animal body forms.
     Each animal cell must have access to an aqueous environment. Simple
    two-layered sacs and flat shapes maximize exposure to the surrounding
    medium. More complex body plans have highly folded internal surfaces
    specialized for exchanging materials.
     Animal bodies are based on a hierarchy of cells, tissues, organs, and
    organ systems. Epithelial tissue forms active interfaces on external and
    internal surfaces; connective tissue binds and supports other tissues;
    muscle tissue contracts, moving body parts; and nervous tissue transmits
    nerve impulses throughout the body.
     The endocrine and nervous systems are the two means of
    communication between different locations in the body. The endocrine
    system broadcasts signaling molecules called hormones everywhere via
    the bloodstream, but only certain cells are responsive to each hormone.
    The nervous system uses dedicated cellular circuits involving electrical
    and chemical signals to send information to specific locations.

    2
    35.1: Plants have a hierarchical organization
    consisting of organs, tissues and cells

     Vascular plants have shoots consisting of stems, leaves, and, in


    angiosperms, flowers. Roots anchor the plant, absorb and conduct water
    and minerals, and store food. Leaves are attached to stem nodes and are
    the main organs of photosynthesis. The axillary buds, in axils of leaves
    and stems, give rise to branches. Plant organs may be adapted for
    specialized functions.
     Vascular plants have three tissue systems—dermal, vascular, and ground
    —which are continuous throughout the plant. The dermal tissue is a
    continuous layer of cells that covers the plant exterior. Vascular tissues
    (xylem and phloem) facilitate the long-distance transport of substances.
    Ground tissues function in storage, metabolism, and regeneration.
     Parenchyma cells are relatively undifferentiated and thin-walled cells
    that retain the ability to divide; they perform most of the metabolic
    functions of synthesis and storage. Collenchyma cells have unevenly
    thickened walls; they support young, growing parts of the plant.
    Sclerenchyma cells—sclereids and fibers—have thick, lignified walls
    that help support mature, nongrowing parts of the plant. Tracheids and
    vessel elements, the water- conducting cells of xylem, have thick walls
    and are dead at functional maturity. Sieve-tube elements are living but
    highly modified cells that are largely devoid of internal organelles; they
    function in the transport of sugars through the phloem of angiosperms.

    3
    32.2: Different meristems generate new cells for primary
    and secondary growth

    4
    35.3: Primary growth lengthens roots and shoots

     The root apical meristem is located near the tip of the root, where it
    generates cells for the growing root axis and the root cap.
     The apical meristem of a shoot is located in the apical bud, where it gives
    rise to alternating internodes and leaf-bearing nodes.

     Eudicot stems have vascular bundles in a ring, whereas monocot stems


    have scattered vascular bundles.
     Mesophyll cells are adapted for photosynthesis. Stomata, epidermal
    pores formed by pairs of guard cells, allow for gaseous exchange and are
    major avenues for water loss.

    5
    35.4: Secondary growth increases the diameter of stems
    and roots in woody plants

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