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CHAPTER 2.4, Circles

The document defines key concepts related to circles: - A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point called the center. The radius is the distance from the center to any point on the circle, and the diameter is twice the radius. - Important properties include that the circumference of a circle is called its perimeter, a chord connects two points on the circle, and a tangent touches the circle at only one point. - The radian is an alternative unit to degrees for measuring angles, defined such that an angle intercepting an arc equal to the radius measures 1 radian. - Examples demonstrate calculating properties of circles like area, perimeter, and

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57 views11 pages

CHAPTER 2.4, Circles

The document defines key concepts related to circles: - A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point called the center. The radius is the distance from the center to any point on the circle, and the diameter is twice the radius. - Important properties include that the circumference of a circle is called its perimeter, a chord connects two points on the circle, and a tangent touches the circle at only one point. - The radian is an alternative unit to degrees for measuring angles, defined such that an angle intercepting an arc equal to the radius measures 1 radian. - Examples demonstrate calculating properties of circles like area, perimeter, and

Uploaded by

aungminsfu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2.

4 Circles

All points on a circle are at the same distance from a fixed point, the center of the circle.
The distance from the center to a point on the circle is the radius of the circle.
The distance between two points on the circle on a line through the center is the diameter.

Therefore, the diameter d is twice the radius r, or d = 2r.

A chord is a line segment having its endpoints on the circle.


A tangent is a line that touches (does not pass through) the circle at one point.
A secant is a line that passes through two points of the circle.

An important property of a tangent is that a tangent is perpendicular to the radius drawn to


the point of contact.

The perimeter of a circle is called the circumference.

Circumference and Area of a Circle

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Example 1

A circular oil spill has a diameter of 2.4 km. It is to be enclosed within special flexible
tubing. What is the area of the spill, and how long must the tubing be? (4.5 km2, 7.5 km)

Example 2

A machine part is a square of side 3.25 in. with a quarter-circle removed (see Fig. 2.80). Find
the perimeter and the area of the part. (11.6 in, 2.27 in2)

Circular Arc and Angles

An arc is part of a circle, and an angle formed at the center by two radii is a central angle.
The measure of an arc is the same as the central angle between the ends of the radii that
define the arc.

Sector and segment

A sector of a circle is the region bounded by two radii and the arc they intercept.
A segment of a circle is the region bounded by a chord and its arc. (There are two possible
segments for a given chord. The smaller region is a minor segment, and the larger region is a
major segment.)

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An inscribed angle of an arc is one for which the endpoints of the arc are points on the sides
of the angle and for which the vertex is a point (not an endpoint) of the arc.

An important property of a circle is that the measure of an inscribed angle is one-half of its
intercepted arc.

Example 3

RADIAN MEASURE OF AN ANGLE

There is another measure of an angle, the radian that is defined in terms of an arc of a circle.
If a central angle of a circle intercepts an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle, the
measure of the central angle is defined as 1 radian. The radius can be marked off along the
circumference 2p times (about 6.283 times). Thus, 2𝝅 rad = 360o (where rad is the symbol for
radian).

A radian is the measure of an angle with its vertex at the center of a circle and with an
intercepted arc on the circle equal in length to the radius of the circle.

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Arc length of a circle

Area of a sector of a circle

Linear and Angular Velocity

The average velocity of a moving object is defined by v = s/t, where v is the average velocity,
s is the distance travelled, and t is the elapsed time. For an object moving in a circular path
with constant speed, the distance travelled is the length of arc through which it moves.
Therefore,

/t is called the angular velocity and is designated by .

Example 4

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Example 5

A circular pool is surrounded by a concrete apron 4.50 in. thick as shown in Fig. Q3.
Find the number of cubic yards of concrete needed.

Example 6

A crank mechanism is shown in Fig. Q4, where XY is a tangent to the circle at point
X. If the circle radius OX is 10cm and length OY is 40 cm, determine the length of the
connecting rod XY. [38.73 cm]

Example 7

The angle of a tapered groove is checked using a 20mm diameter roller as shown in
Fig. Q5. If the roller lies 2.12mm below the top of the groove, determine the value of
angle θ. [68o]

5
Example 8

A partially full pipe is shown in Figure Q 10. Radius r is 2 cm and is 75o. Calculate
the wetted perimeter of the pipe and the shaded water area.

Example 9

A partially full pipe is shown in Figure Q 11. Radius r is 2 cm and is 75o. Calculate
the wetted perimeter of the pipe and the shaded water area.

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Exercises

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