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2020 ME 101 Experiment 4

This document analyzes the port diagram of a 2-stroke petrol engine through experimentation. It describes the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes: during intake the piston descends and fuel-air mixture enters; compression occurs as the piston ascends; power is generated through ignition; and exhaust occurs as burnt gases are expelled during the piston's descent. The experiment involves marking port openings and closings on a rotating flywheel to create the port diagram. Results show the timing of port events. The conclusion discusses the importance of port timing for engine performance and emissions.

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13 views3 pages

2020 ME 101 Experiment 4

This document analyzes the port diagram of a 2-stroke petrol engine through experimentation. It describes the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes: during intake the piston descends and fuel-air mixture enters; compression occurs as the piston ascends; power is generated through ignition; and exhaust occurs as burnt gases are expelled during the piston's descent. The experiment involves marking port openings and closings on a rotating flywheel to create the port diagram. Results show the timing of port events. The conclusion discusses the importance of port timing for engine performance and emissions.

Uploaded by

2020me101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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H. M.

Abdullah Bhatti ICE Lab Report 4 2020-ME-101

Port Diagram of a 2-Stroke Petrol Engine


1 Objective
i. To draw port diagram of a 2-stroke petrol engine.
ii. To compare the actual port diagram with the theoretical diagram.

2 Abstract
This study investigates the working of a 2-stroke petrol engine through the analysis of its port diagram.
The port diagram provides a visual representation of the engine's intake, compression, power, and
exhaust strokes, crucial for understanding its functioning. During the intake stroke, the piston descends,
allowing the fuel-air mixture to enter the crankcase through the intake port. Subsequently, in the
compression stroke, the piston ascends, compressing the mixture within the crankcase, sealing the
combustion chamber. The power stroke ensues with the ignition of the compressed mixture by the spark
plug, resulting in a forceful downward movement of the piston. This motion generates power and
uncovers the exhaust port for the expulsion of burnt gases during the exhaust stroke as the piston ascends
again.

3 Introduction
The port diagram of a 2-stroke petrol engine begins with the intake stroke, as the piston descends, the
intake port is uncovered, facilitating the fuel-air mixture into the crankcase. Simultaneously, the exhaust
port remains sealed by the piston. Following this, during the compression stroke, the piston ascends,
compressing the mixture within the crankcase and sealing the combustion chamber. This compression
is important for creating the conditions necessary for efficient combustion. Subsequently, the power
stroke is initiated by the ignition of the compressed mixture, typically catalyzed by a spark plug. The
combustion rapidly expands, exerting force on the piston, driving it downward with considerable power.
This downward motion uncovers the exhaust port, allowing the expulsion of exhaust gases as the piston
descends. The cycle repeats as the piston ascends again, covering the exhaust port and initiating a fresh
intake stroke.

Figure 1: 2-Stroke Petrol Engine


The port diagram visualizes these processes, providing insights into the timing and coordination of
intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes, fundamental for optimizing engine efficiency and
performance. Understanding the intricacies of the port diagram is instrumental in refining the design
and functionality of 2-stroke petrol engines.
H. M. Abdullah Bhatti ICE Lab Report 4 2020-ME-101

4 Methodology
The flywheel is rotated in any arbitrary direction. During the downward transverse position when it just
uncovers a port it is marked as the opening of the port on the flywheel. The rotation is further continued
until the piston covers the port during its upward travel. A mark is made on the flywheel against the
fixed mark. This gives the closing of the port. The same procedure is repeated for the other ports also.

5 Results
The calculations for first set of reading are done below. The circumference is calculated as 38.0 cm.

Table 1: Data Recorded from Experiment


Position w.r.t Dead Centers Distance Angle
Event
(in) (m) (Degrees)
Inlet Port Open TDC 3.5 36.46
Inlet Port Close TDC 5.0 52.08
Exhaust Port Open BDC 9.4 97.92
Exhaust Port Close BDC 9.0 93.76
Transfer Port Open BDC 5.2 54.17
Transfer Port Close BDC 5.0 52.09

6 Discussion
In the intake stroke, the graph displays the gradual opening of the intake valve, allowing the air-fuel
mixture into the cylinder. During the compression stroke, the intake valve closes, and the graph shows
minimal or no lift. The power stroke is marked by the closed valves as the piston moves upward to
compress the mixture and ignite the fuel. In the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens, releasing the
burned gases, and the graph depicts the corresponding valve lift.

Figure 2: Experimental Port Diagram of a 2-Stroke Petrol Engine

7 Conclusion
Port timing in a two-stroke engine means when the intake and exhaust ports open and close in the
cylinder. It's super important because it decides how well the engine works, how much power it makes,
H. M. Abdullah Bhatti ICE Lab Report 4 2020-ME-101

and how clean it runs. In a two-stroke engine, these ports do two jobs: letting in fuel and air, and letting
out exhaust. Getting the timing right means the engine can burn fuel well, make lots of power, and not
make too much pollution. But if the timing is off, the engine won't work as well and might pollute more.
The timing is controlled by where the crankshaft is and how the engine's transfer ports are designed.
The design of these ports decides how long they stay open, and the crankshaft decides when they open
and close compared to where the piston is. There are different ways to control the port timing, like using
a piston, a reed valve, or a rotary valve. It depends on how the engine is built, how much power you
want, and how you're going to use it.
In our lab, we saw cross scavenging, where the fuel mixture comes in from the opposite side of the
exhaust port. This helps keep things clean and efficient. We also learned that the timing of the exhaust
port is super important for how well the engine cleans out the old gas. If it's not timed right, some gas
might get stuck, making the engine less efficient. But if it's timed too much, too much fresh fuel might
go out, making it use more fuel than needed. So, getting the timing just right is key for making the
engine work well.

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