Final LM in Beauty Care

CONCEPT REVIEW
At the start of your journey in learning Beauty Care (Nail Care Services),
the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies and entrepreneurial mindsets were
introduced. In this concept review, you will be reminded of these lessons and
you get to assess whether or not you have the competencies found among
entrepreneurs. In addition, a brief lesson on the Business Environment and
Idea Generation is provided to help contextualize how your skills might be useful
for an entrepreneurial venture. Read on to find out!
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LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
ASSESS P ERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is comprehensively defined by Zimmerer &

Scarborough (2005) as someone who “creates a new business in the face of
risk and uncertainty for the purpose of achieving profit and growth by identifying
significant opportunities and assembling the necessary resources to capitalize
on them” (p.3). They are the ones who act on their business ideas.
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
There has been many studies to characterize “the entrepreneurial personality”;

although there is no isolated set of traits that guarantee success, there were
identified behaviors found common to most successful entrepreneurs. There is
a well-known research on human behavior done by McClelland and McBer
which identified 10 behavioral patterns organized into three general clusters: the
achievement, planning, and power clusters (SERDEF, 2007; 1998). It was
found out that these behaviors were also typical entrepreneurial behaviors. The
entrepreneurial qualities, more known as the Personal Entrepreneurial
Competencies (PECs) are as follows:
Achievement Cluster
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LM-Beauty Care (NAIL CARE) Grade 9
• Opportunity seeking – Entrepreneurs have a good eye for spotting

business opportunities and acts on these opportunities appropriately.
• Persistence - Entrepreneurs do not easily give up in the face of

obstacles. They will take repeated or different actions to overcome the
hurdles of business. This includes making a personal sacrifice or
extraordinary effort to complete a job.
• Commitment to work contract - Entrepreneur do their best to satisfy

customers and to deliver what is promised. They accept full responsibility
for problems when completing a job for customers.
• Risk-taking - Entrepreneur are known for taking calculated risks and

doing tasks that are moderately challenging.
• Demand for efficiency and quality - Entrepreneur see to it that the

business meets or exceeds existing standards of excellence and exerts
efforts to improve past performance and do things better. They set high
but realistic standards.
Planning Cluster
• Goal setting - Entrepreneur knows how to set specific, measurable,

attainable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART) goals. It is easy for them
to divide large goals into short-term goals.
• Information seeking - Entrepreneur update themselves with new

information about her customers, the market, suppliers, and competitors.
This is rooted to their innate sense of curiosity.
• Systematic planning and monitoring - Entrepreneurs develop and use
logical, step-by-step plans to reach their goals. They monitor progress
towards goals and to alter strategies when necessary.
Power Cluster
• Persuasion and networking - Entrepreneurs know how to use the right

strategies to influence or persuade other people. They have naturally
established a network of people who they can turn to in order to achieve
their objectives.
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• Self-confidence - Entrepreneurs have a strong belief in themselves and

their own abilities. They have self-awareness and belief in their own
ability to complete a difficult task or meet a challenge.
Assess your Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies by answering the

items in the next page.
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Self-rating Questionnaire
Read each statement carefully and answer honestly based on how well it
describes you. There are five choices as follows: 5 = Always, 4 = Usually, 3
= Sometimes, 2 = Rarely and 1 = Never. Please write the number you have
selected on the space before each statement. Some statements may be
similar but no two are exactly alike. Please go through each statement and
answer all the item.
Rating
_______1. I look for things that need to be done.
_______2. When I am faced with a difficult problem, I spend a lot of time trying to find
a solution.
_______3. I complete my work on time.
_______4. It bothers me when things are not done very well.
_______5. I prefer situations in which I can control the outcomes as much as possible.
_______6. I like to think about the future.
_______7. When starting a new task or project, I gather a great deal of information before
going ahead.
_______8. I plan a large project by breaking it down into smaller tasks.
_______9. I get others to support my recommendations.
_______10. I feel confident that I will succeed at whatever I try to do.
_______11. No matter whom I’m talking to, I’m a good listener.
_______12. I do things that need to be done before being asked to by others.
_______13. I try several times to get people to do what I would like them to do.
_______14. I keep the promises I make.
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_______15. My own work is better than that of other people work with.
_______16. I don’t try something new without making sure I will succeed.
_______17. It’s a waste of time to worry about what to do with your life.
_______18. I seek the advice of people who know a lot about the tasks I am working on.
_______19. I think about the advantages and disadvantages or different ways of
accomplishing things.
_______20. I do not spend much time thinking how to influence others. _______21.
I change my mind if others disagree strongly with me.
_______22. I feel resentful when I don’t get my way. _______23.
I like challenges and new opportunities.
_______24. When something gets in the way of what I’m trying to do, I keep on
trying to accomplish what I want.
_______25. I am happy to do someone else’s work if necessary to get the job done
on time.
_______26. It bothers me when my time is wasted.
_______27. I weigh my chances of succeeding or failing before I decide to do something.
_______28. The more specific I can be about what I want out of life, the more chances I
have to succeed.
_______29. I take action without wasting time gathering information.

_______30. I try to think of all the problems I may encounter and plan what to do
if each problem occurs.
_______31. I get important people to help me accomplish my goals.
_______32. When trying something challenging, I feel confident that I will succeed.
_______33. In the past, I have had failures.
_______34. I prefer activities that I know well and with which I am comfortable.
_______35. When faced with major difficulties, I quickly go on to other things.
_______36. When I am doing a job for someone, I make a special effort to make
sure that person is happy with my work.
_______37. I am never entirely happy with the way things are done; I always think
there must be a better way.
_______38. I do things that are risky.
_______39. I have a very clear plan for my life.
_______ 40. When working on a project for someone, I ask many questions to
be sure I understand what that person wants.
_______ 41. I deal with problems as they arise, rather than spend time trying to
anticipate them.
_______ 42. In order to reach my goals, I think of solutions that benefit.
_______ 43. I do very good work.
_______ 44. There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone.
_______ 45. I try things that are very new and different from what I have done
before.
_______ 46. I try several ways to overcome things that get in the way of reaching
my goals.
_______ 47. My family and personal life are more important to me than work
deadlines I set for myself.
_______ 48. I find ways to complete tasks faster at work and at home.
_______ 49. I do things that others consider risky.
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_______ 50. I am as concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am for my

yearly goals.
_______51. I go to several different sources to get information for tasks or
projects.
_______ 52. If one approach to a problem does not work, I think of another
approach.
_______ 53. I am able to get people who have strong opinions or ideas to change their
minds.
_______ 54. I stick with my decisions even if others disagree strongly with
me.
_______55. When I don’t know something, I don’t mind admitting it.
Please proceed to the next section where you may determine your score. The
point system will indicate whether you manifest strong tendencies or weak
inclinations towards a particular behavior.
PEC’s Scoring Sheet
Please enter your ratings in the PECs scoring sheet. The number in parenthesis
corresponds to the questionnaire item number. Notice that the item numbers
are listed consecutively for each column. Perform the addition and subtraction
as indicated in each row to compute for each PEC.
Rating of Statements Score PECs

+ -
+ + + 6 = Opportunity
(1) Seeking
(12) (23) (34) (45)
+ -
+ + + 6 = Persistence
(2)
(13) (24) (35) (46)
+ +
+ - + 6 = Commitment to
(3) work contract
(14) (25) (36) (47)
+ + + - + 6 = Demand for
Efficiency
(4) (15) (26) (37) (48) & Quality
+ +
- + + 6 = Risk taking
(5)
(16) (27) (38) (49)
+ +
- + + 6 = Goal setting
(6)
(17) (28) (39) (50)
5
+ - + + + 6 = Information
seeking
(7) (18) (29) (40) (51)
+ + - + + 6 = Systematic
planning
(8) (19) (30) (41) (52) & monitoring
- + + + + 6 = Persuasion &
(9) Networking
(20) (31) (42) (53)
+ +
- + + 6 = Self-confidence
(10)
(21) (32) (43) (54)
- - - + + 18 = Correction
Factor
(11) (22) (33) (44) (55)
The PECs Scoring Sheet with Correction Factor
The Correction Factor is used to provide a more accurate assessment of the

PECs of each respondent. If the total score of items 11, 22, 33, 44, and 55 is
20 or greater, then the total score on the ten PECs must be corrected. Use the
table below to determine the corrected score.
Subtract the following

If the correction factor
number from each
is:
PECs score:
24 or 25 7
22 or 23 5
20 or 21 3
19 or less 0
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Correct each PECs score before using the Profile

Sheet
Corrected Score Sheet

PECs Original Correction Corrected
Score
Opportunity seeking - =
- =
Persistence
- =
Commitment to work contract
- =
Demand for quality & efficiency - =
Risk taking - =
Goal setting - =
Information seeking - =
- =
Systematic planning & monitoring
- =
Persuasion & networking
Corrected Total Score:
Self-confidence
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Profile Sheet
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Transfer the corrected PECs score to the profile sheet by marking an

“X” at the appropriate point on the horizontal line provided for each PEC
category. After plotting your PECs score, connect all the “Xs” with a heavy line.
SAMPLE PECs PROFILE
0 5 10 15 20 25
Interpretation
A lower score means a ‘weak’ performance and a higher score translates to a
‘strong’ performance on a particular competency. A ‘weak’ performance should
be regarded as a challenge or an opportunity for improvement rather than a
cause for worry. Improving a competency entails enough determination, correct
practice and strategies, and time for maturation.
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 :
UNDERSTAND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT & BUSINESS IDEAS
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Business Environment and Market
The study of the business environment in a particular location has farreaching

and long-term effects on a small or micro enterprise’s viability. In fact, business
ideas and opportunities are partly shaped or determined by the business
location. Unless it is possible to migrate to more favorable locations, the ideas
and opportunities for business will oftentimes be delimited to the surrounding
areas.
The business environment consists of both the tangible and intangible factors
that affect either the external or internal business operations. They may include
the land area available for economic zones, the physical layout and barriers
such as rivers, parks or lakes, and building obstructions as well as the
transportation network; all of which are considered tangible factors.
They also include the demography of clients and suppliers, the

competitors in the locale/area and the available technology for production. The
intangible factors, on the other hand, include the sub-culture, industry trends,
economic and government activity or the political situations in the area.
Natural & Physical Demography

Environment Potential target
Living conditions, client, migration
Facilities, Barriers pattern
Culture
Government
YOUR Sub-culture,
Regulations
BUSINESS Race, Emotional
Policies
environment
Economy
National Technology
International Trend
- Competitors Production
Natural and Physical Environment. This concerns the physical location

of a business’ store. The natural environment also pertains to the natural and
man-made structures that may enhance the beauty of the location, such as a
park or a sea front view, or serve as barrier to the location, such as a dump site
or high rise structures that obstruct a view. The living condition in an area also
serves as a standard for the ambience you want to create for your store.
There is also a phenomenon referred to as clustering, where a
particular type of product is offered within the same area. For instance, most
guitar shops are clustered along the intersection of V. Mapa and Aurora Avenue
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in Metro Manila; Filipino craft stores crowd the area under the Quiapo bridge;
or car accessories are found in Banawe area.
The key word to have in mind when scanning the physical environment is the
visibility of your intended store to the potential clients.
Demography. This pertains to the number of people living in the area,

their age, gender, socio-economic status, family size, religion and even growth
trends. These are invaluable information that can help entrepreneurs in
matching their product to the target market, in deciding for the marketing
strategy, pricing and product packaging among others.
Culture. Culture or sub-culture, being the totality of the way of life, ideas
and customs of a set of people or society, primarily influence the types of
products that are acceptable to a particular locality. For example, the influence
of the Japanese culture gave rise to minimalist designs. A subculture also
shapes the ‘emotional’ environment of an area. For instance, the feeling of ‘fear’
for a specific location may serve as a barrier for a business; a place where one
does not feel safe because of the prevalence of crime will discourage
entrepreneurs.
Changes in the lifestyle, which is brought about by changes in the population

demography and the economy, also affect a business. These lifestyle changes
may be the increase of women’s participation in the world of work, change in
buying patterns and shift in tastes.
Government Regulations. The laws and policies of the national and local
government units also influence the business operations. Some examples of
policies that directly affect entrepreneurs are the imposition or removal of taxes
for products, the establishment of economic zones and assistance in product
labeling and packaging of products. In addition, improvement of facilities and
roads improve transportation network that facilitates transfer of products from
one area to another or promotes accessibility for consumers.
Economy. This pertains to the management of resources and study of

the system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
A country’s economy influences both the entrepreneurs and consumers as it
relates to the financial matters of business like taxes and interest rates and to
the quality of life, cost of utilities and services, among others. Even small scale
entrepreneurs must learn to study economic indicators to improve business
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forecasts, such as when to buy certain materials and supplies, when to open a
store or introduce new products based on consumer spending, or when to hire
employees. Some examples of economic indicators include the (a) Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) which increases when a country’s economy is doing
good; (b) Unemployment rate which indicates that more unemployed people
usually signal an economy getting worse; and (c) Price Indexes and Inflation
rates which determine the buying power of consumers.
The existing enterprises, who are either direct or indirect competitors, are also
part of the business environment. It is important to scout for products or services
that answer a similar need to what you intend to provide. Think of how you can
create a niche that will differentiate your product from the other businesses –
either in specifying a target market or in differentiating your product quality or
price. The key concept to think about is acquiring a reasonable market share
despite of the competition.
Technology. Technological changes are inventions based on the

application of science that create new product or process improvements. Some
examples of technological changes are mobile tools that enable online
connection, new business tools for analysis and database, social networks and
modern, digital equipment. These advances in technology result to efficiency
and productivity at a lesser cost. It can be observed that sending message
through e-mail provides a cheaper and faster means compared to hand-
delivered mails (snail mails). An entrepreneur can benefit from technological
changes by identifying the appropriate technological solution available in the
area or locale.
At this point, it must be quite clear why an environment scanning of an area

considered as business site is helpful for the entrepreneur. In fact, the impact
of the factors in the business environment does not only include the business
operation but is even relevant at the start of the venture – during the business
idea generation and opportunity identification stage. A concise guide on how to
spot and identify business opportunities are provided in the following section.
Keep reading!
Spotting and Identifying Business Opportunities
Spotting business opportunities is one of the most essential aspects of

entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur must have a keen eye for identifying
opportunities that can potentially turn into a good product or business venture.
At the same time, an entrepreneur should also know which opportunities to drop
and which ones to develop.
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Idea Generation
The first step in identifying a good business opportunity is to look for

many opportunities. This is called the idea generation phase (SERDEF, 2007).
The following are good sources of business ideas (Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd,
2008; Looser & Schlapfer, 2001).
1. Personal hobbies and interests

2. Everyday experiences, travel, and adventures
3. Suggestions from family members and friends
4. Problems that need solutions
5. Problems with existing products
6. Books, magazines, news
7. Observing, listening around you
Screening Business Ideas
Once you have generated a number of business opportunities and ideas,

the next step is to select and screen these. Though there can be many ways to
do this, a good way to proceed is to screen your ideas based on 1) your
personality and personal preferences and 2) the characteristics of a good
business (SERDEF, 2007). Consider the following criteria:
1. Personality and Personal Preferences

a. Personal Preference
b. Education, Skills, and Experience
c. Work Experience
d. Support from family and friends
2. Characteristics of a good business
a. Demand for Product
b. Availability of skills, raw materials, technology, and capital
c. Profitability
SWOT Analysis
Once you have chosen your business idea, the next step is to conduct a
SWOT analysis in order to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities
and Threats of your potential business. This step will help you improve your
business of choice and prepare for challenges. The table below will help you
differentiate among these four features.
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Positive Negative
Strengths Weaknesses
positive factors that set of problems, difficulties
contribute to the or
Controllable favorability of a shortcomings
business opportunity encountered by the
Factors
business
Examples:
Cheap raw materials Examples:
Skilled employees Inexperienced owner
Ease of management Lack of working capital
Small capital outlay Poor location
Opportunities Threats
positive factors that are not negative factors that are
within the control of the beyond the
business. control of the business
Examples: Examples:
Uncontrollable
Absence of similar Rising costs
Factors
products in the market Raw material
New markets being shortages Too
developed many
Growing demand for competitors
similar products
Favorable government
policy
Remember to refer back to these guidelines and tools when you are ready
to think of your next business ideas!
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DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Test I Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your
choice in your quiz notebook.
1. Any substance that causes contamination

a) Contaminant c) Infection
b) Contamination d) Decontamination
2. The loose skin separated from the cuticle.

a) Hangnails c) Bruised Nails
b) Bitten Nails d) Split Nails
3. The technical term for nail.

a) Onconail c) Onycholysis
b) Onyx d) Onyxil
4. The yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound.

a) Pus c) Bacteria
b) Fungus d) Yeast
5. The plastic liners that increase heat retention when used with paraffin.
a) Plastic bag c) Cling wrap
b) Plastic bottle d) Mittens
6. The electronic gadget used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle spasms and dry
cracked skin of the hands.
a) Paraffin wax c) Foot spa machine
b) Hand spa machine d) Handkerchief
7. A condition in which white spots appear on the nails but do not indicate disease.
a) Leuconychia c) Koilonychia
b) Paronychia d) Onychauxis
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8. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail

a) Cuticle c) Nail root
b) Nail bed d) Lunula
9. Visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.

a) Nail plate c) Nail grooves
b) Nail walls d) Nail root
10. The portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
a) Nail Walls c) Hyponychium
b) Eponychium d) Nail Grooves
11. Any substance or chemical used to destroy bacteria.

a) Antiseptic c) Contaminant
b) Disinfectant d) Contamination
12. A Japanese term which means that tools, equipment, and materials must be
systematically arranged and organized.
a) Seiri c) Seiso
b) Seiton d) Seiketsu
13. This is immediately applied when the skin is accidentally cut.

a) Hand lotion c) Detergent
b) Disinfectant d) Antiseptic
14. If you notice signs of infection such as pain, swelling, redness, and pus, you must
refer your client to a ______.
a) Physician c) Manicurist
b) Nail technician d) Manager
15. The proper way to brush the nails.

a) Any direction c) Sideward movement
b) Upward movement d) Downward movement
16. A top coat is applied

a) After color enamel c) After seal coat
b) Before color enamel d) Before base coat
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17. A cosmetic which is used to prevent stains against colored nail polish
a) Color enamel c) Quick dry
b) Base coat d) Cuticle oil
18. This is used to give color to nail body or nail plate.

a) Liquid polish c) Quick dry
19. It is a new nail-imprinting kit that allows you to put designs by stamping pre-
designed images on your nails.
a) Nail stickers c) Nail polish
b) Nail stamper d) Nail file
20. The following are the items used as nail accessories except one
a) Scraper c) Beads
b) Glitters d) Rhinestones
21. This technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into clean water creating
a pattern or design of the resulting art on the surface; which is then
transferred to your nails.
a) Water stamping c) Water designing
b) Water sticking d) Water marbling
22. Among the tools used in nail designing, which tool is used to create a simple
flower?
a) Nail stripers c) Nail dotters
b) Nail stickers d) Nail scraper
23. These are nail polishes that come with a long, thin brush rather than the
usual flat and broad ones.
a) Nail scraper c) Nail brush
b) Nail striper d) Nail polish
24. It protects the polish against chipping or cracking.

a) Base coat c) Top coat
b) Color enamel d) Cuticle coat
25. Bea will create fancy nail design as her class requirement. What preparation
will she perform before applying it?
a) Basic cleaning c) Basic designing
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b) Basic brushing d) Basic trimming
Test II Matching Type
Directions: Match the definition of terms in Column A with the appropriate term in
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your quiz notebook.
A. Nail Care Tools, Supplies/Implements and Equipment
Column A Column B
1. A type of volcanic rock used to remove dry and a) Mittens
annoying skin as well as calluses.
b) Nail file
2. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet
soft, smooth, moisturized and exfoliate c) Cuticle oil
3. Slips over plastic liners to increase heat d) Foot scrub

retention when used with paraffin.
e) Pumice stone
4. Large rectangular container used for bathing
and soaking the feet. f) Foot spa basin
5. Used for shaping the free edge of the nails. g) Supply tray
6. Used to soften and lubricate the skin around h) Nail buffer

the nail.
i) Nail clipper
7. Has two grits on one side and a smooth,
gray material on the other side.
8. Used for holding cosmetics.
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B. Nail Diseases and/or Disorders
Column A Column B
1. White spot a) Paronychia
2. Loosening of the nail b) Leuconychia
3. Shedding of one or more nails c) Onycholysis
4. An overgrowth of the nail in thickness d) Koilonychia
5. Inflammation of the skin around the nail e) Onychauxis
f) Onychoptosis
Test III Arrange the Steps Chronologically
Directions: Arrange the steps in accordance with the different techniques

involved in nail services into its proper order by writing letters A-D / A-H.
A. Plain Manicure
1. Apply liquid polish or color enamel.
2. Remove excess polish.
3. Apply top or seal coat.
4. Apply base coat.
B. Cleaning Nails
1. Trim cuticle.
2. Shape nails.
3. Clean nails.
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4. Soften cuticle.
5. Loosen cuticle.
6. Remove old polish.
7. Clean under free edge.
9. Dry hands and nails thoroughly.
***
QUARTER 1
Lesson 1
PERFORM HAND SPA
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Hand Spa is a hand care treatment to pamper our tired hands and to
keep the nails look healthy and strong. This treatment is another way to relax
and relieve stress from day to day activities accompanied by massage and
has many beneficial effects. Hand Spa which is used by professional skin care
technicians done in salon and spa shops was found helpful to combat anti-
ageing.
Once you learned the concepts about hand spa, this could be your
stepping stone to augment personal income. This activity can be performed
at home.
PRE- TEST
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your choice in
your quiz notebook.
1. Part of the nail structure that contains nerves and blood vessel located beaneath
the nail root.
a) Skin c) Matrix
b) Nerve d) Surgery
a) Eponychium c) Nail walls
b) Hyponychium d) Nail grooves
3. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail.



a) Onyx c) Onycholysis
b) Onconail d) Onyxil
6. Adult’s nail growth per month.
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a) 1/4 Inch c) ¾ Inch

b) 1/8 Inch d) ½ Inch

a) Pus c) Bacteria
b) Fungus d) Yeast
8. Wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails.

A. Onychia c) Onychauxis
B. Pterygium d) Corrugations
9. An inflammation of the skin around the nail caused by bacteria.

A. Leuconychia c) Koilonychia
B. Paronychia d) Onychauxis
10. An overgrowth of the nail, usually in thickness rather than length.

A. Onychia c) Onychauxis
B. Pterygium d) Corrugations

A. Hangnails c) Bruised nails
B. Bitten nails d) Split nails
12. A condition in which white spots appear on the nails but do not indicate
disease.
A. Leuconychia c) Koilonychia
B. Paronychia d) Onychauxis
13. It is caused by nervous habit and stress related.

A. Hangnails c) Bruised nails
B. Bitten nails d) Split nails
14. Used as a treatment in spas and salons to lock in moisture.

A. Paraffin wax c) Lotion
B. Body scrub d) Soap
15. A thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin during a hand spa.
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A. Plastic bag c) Cling wrap

B. Plastic bottle d) Mittens
16. The slips over plastic liners to increase heat retention when used with
paraffin.
A. Plastic bag c) Cling wrap
B. Plastic bottle d) Mittens
17. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep skin soft, smooth and remove dead
skin cells.
a) Lotion c) Alcohol
b) Antiseptic d) Scrub lotion
18. The electronic gadget used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle spasms and
dry cracked skin of the hands.

20. The process whereby microorganisms are destroyed.

a) Sterilization c) Sanitization
b) Sanitation d) Vaccination
***
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Know
As you go through this module, you will be able to understand the

concepts in performing Hand Spa as an added service to manicure. Readings
and enhancement activities are provided to serve as a guide for you. So keep
going!
Learning Outcome 1 - Apply hand treatment
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:
1. Analyze condition of the clients’ hand
2. Observe safety precautions and sanitation at all times
3. Prepare the necessary tools, supplies/materials and equipment for used

in hand spa
4. Perform the steps in hand spa following the steps correctly
Lesson 1.1
NAIL STRUCTURE
It is very essential for a manicurist to have knowledge on the different

parts of the nails for this will be your basis in giving nail care services to your
clients.
The nail is an appendage of the skin. Nail is a horny, translucent plate that
protects the tips of the fingers and toes. It is composed mainly of keratin, a
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protein substance that forms the base of all horny tissue. The nail is whitist and
transluscent in appearance and allows the pinkish colour of the nail bed to be
seen. The horny plate contains no nerves or blood vessels
Onyx is the technical term for the nail. The condition of the nail, like that
of the skin, reflects the general health of the body. Onychology is the study of
nail. The nails vary in thickness, being heaviest on the thumbs and big toes.
The characteristics of healthy nails are firm and flexible, slightly pink in
color and the surface is smooth, curved and unspotted, without any hollows or
wavy ridges.
Diagram of the nail and its structure.
Diagram of the Nail
The nail consists of three parts: nail body, nail root and free edge
• Nail Body or Nail Plate - visible portion of the nail that is attached to the
nail bed.
• Free edge - end portion of the nail plate which extends beyond the
fingertip. It is shaped during manicure.
• Nail root - beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded
underneath the skin.
.Structures Beneath the Nail

The structures beneath the nail include the nail bed, matrix and lunula.
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• Nail Bed – the skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests. It is
supplied with many blood vessels and nerves. The blood vessels supply
nourishment for the nail.
• Matrix – part of the nail bed which contains nerves and blood vessels and
is located beneath the nail root. It produces cells that generate and harden
the nail and will continue to grow as long as it receives nutrition and
remains in a healthy condition.
• Lunula – halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix
connects with the nail bed.
Structures Surrounding the Nail
The structures surrounding the nail include the cuticle, eponychium,

hyponychium, perionychium, nail walls and nail grooves
• Cuticle - the overlapping skin around the nail. A normal cuticle should
be loose and pliable.
• Eponychium - cuticle extension at the base of the nail body which partly
overlaps the lunula
• Hyponychium – portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
• Nail Walls – folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
• Nail Grooves - are slits or tracks in the skin at the side of the nail upon
which the nail moves as it grows.
• Mantle – deep fold of the skin in which the nail root is embedded.
Nail Growth
There are factors that can influence the growth of nails such as nutrition,
general health and disease. A nail grows forward, starting at the matrix and
extending over the tip of the finger. Like hair, nails grow faster in warm weather.
Adult’s nail growth is about 1/8 inch per month whereas the nails of the children
grow faster than those of the elderly. Toenails grow slowly but they are thicker
and harder than fingernails.
25
Review of Lesson 1.1
LABELING
Directions: Label the top view parts of the nail.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Identification
Directions: Identify the word/term being described in the statement. Write the answer
in your quiz notebook.
1. Portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.

2. The skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests
3. Beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the skin.
4. Folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
5. Technical term for the nail
Lesson 1.2
Examine your own fingernails. Check its structure and analyze its condition.
What have you observed?
Have you seen somebody who has nail disorder? Nail problem? Are you
aware what cause it? In your next lesson, you have to study why some people
have nail problems. In here, you will be aware on how microorganisms can
26
infect and affect your body particularly the nails and learn more about how this
can be treated.
NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Did you know your nails can reveal signs to your overall health? Have you
noticed some abnormalities in your fingernails? Are you aware that problems
in the liver, lungs and heart can show up in your nails? Do you bite your nails?
Watch out and learn what your nails will reveal!
Onychosis refers to any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.
Having knowledge about infections caused by bacteria will prevent the

spread of infectious diseases, preserve the health of the cosmetologist and the
patron and appreciate the value of proper sanitation.
Pus is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound. It is a sign of infection.
White blood cells attack the bacteria and consume them. The pus contains
blood cells, body cells and dead and living bacteria. Bacteria may invade the
body through cuts, scratches or punctures in the skin or through any of the body
openings.
Fungi are plant organisms that live on dead, decaying or living matter. Some
fungi are capable of causing serious infections but some are harmful and
beneficial.
Diseases may be considered contagious or non-contagious. A disease

becomes contagious or communicable when it spreads from one person to
another by direct or indirect contact. Some of the common contagious diseases
are tuberculosis, common cold, ringworm, scabies, head lice, and virus
infections. Coughing, sneezing, unclean hands, eating utensils and salon
equipment play a role in spreading diseases. Diseases that are not able to be
spread from person to person are considered as non-contagious. Genetic
diseases, cancers, mental disorders, autoimmune diseases and heart disease
are some of the many diseases that aren't contagious.
Sterilization is the process whereby microorganisms are destroyed.

Equipments and tools found in salon are needed to be sterilized. Sanitizing or
sanitation refers to the physical or chemical means used to keep the salon and
its equipment as clean and free of germs as possible in order to protect the
health of the public.
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A. Nail Disorders
Nail Disorders – are condition caused by injury to the nails, diseases or imbalances
in the body.
Pictures
Name of Nail Definition/ Treatment/ Care/
Disorders Description Prevention
Bluish Nails It is recommended

Appear blue in color to see a physician
which reveals that but can also be
body is not getting given manicure
enough oxygen. with care and light
This also indicates pressure.
infection in the
lungs, such as
pneumonia. Some
heart problems can
also be associated
with bluish nails.
Bruised nail This can be

The result of treated by not
trauma to the nail applying pressure
plate. This causes on nail plate.
injury to nail, blood
becomes trapped
under nail. There is
discoloration under
the nail
Corrugations Wavy ridges

caused by uneven It is recommended
growth of the nails, to buff the nails
usually the result of carefully to help
illness or injury. remove or
minimize the
ridges.
28
Hangnails This may be

Split cuticles; trimmed with cuticle
loose s1kin nippers, moisturize
separates from and apply cuticle oil.
the cuticle. This
is caused by dry
cuticle and
environmental.
Koilonychia or It is recommended
Spoon Nails Nails with a to file nails carefully
concave shape with no pressure
usually caused and use nail polish
through iron to harden and
deficiency protect nail.
anemia. These
nails show raised
ridges and are
thin and concave.
Leuconychia A condition in
which white spots The white spots on
appear on the the fingernail will
nails but do not gradually diminish if
indicate disease you start taking zinc
in daily food.
and as the nails
grow, these white
Limit the usage of
spots eventually
nail enamels and
disappear.
polish to certain
occasions.
29
Onychorrhexis Caused by injury It is recommended

or Split / brittle to the finger, to soften nails
Nails improper filing or before trimming and
exposure to use daily
harsh chemicals. moisturizers or have
Dry, brittle nails oil manicures.
have revealed
thyroid
disease.
Onychauxis An overgrowth of File the nail smooth

the nail, usually and buff with
in thickness pumice powder.
rather than length
caused by a local
infection and can
also be
hereditary. This
condition may be
given nail
services if
infection is not
present.
Onychatrophia File the nail smooth
An atrophy or with the fine side of
wasting away of the emery board.
the nail plate
which causes it Protect your hands
to lose its luster, from over exposure
become smaller to water,
and sometimes detergents, and
shed entirely. other chemicals.
Injury or disease
may account for
this irregularity.
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Onychophagy Caused by
or Bitten Nails nervous habit It is recommended
and stress that the client
related. it is a receives frequent
sign of persistent manicure.
anxiety that could
benefit from Do not bite your
treatment. This nails.
has also been
linked to
obsessive -
compulsive
disorder. The
signs are
sensitive to
touch, nail plate
may appear flat
and deformed.
Pterygium Never attempt to
The inward remove pterygium,
advance of skin instead, consult a
over the nail physician for advice
plate. This and treatment. It is
results in the also suggested to
loss of the nail have oil manicures.
plate due to the
development of
scar tissue.
Cortisone is
used to prevent
the advancement
of scar tissue.
Glittering Ideas
Clients with a nail disorder may receive a service unless infection

is present.
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B. Nail Diseases
Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to other
causes of nail abnormalities
Pictures
Name of Nail Definition/ Treatment/ Care/
Diseases Description Prevention
Onychia Always keep the

An inflammation nails clean and use
of the nail matrix properly sanitized
accompanied by implements.
pus formation
caused by
improperly
sanitized nail
implements and
bacterial
infections.
Onychocryptosis It is recommended
or Ingrown Nails In this condition, to cut the nails
the nail grows into properly and wear
the sides of the comfortable shoes
flesh and may that fit perfectly
cause infection. (shoes with a wide
Improper trimming toe area and ones
and shaping of that don't press your
nails are often toes)
responsible for
ingrown nails.
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Onychogryposis
A condition in Apply a moisturizing
which the nail cream on the nails
curvature is every time you wash
increased and your hands or feet.
enlarged; the nail Nails should always
becomes thicker be trimmed and
and curves, avoid tight fitting foot
sometimes wear.
extending over
the tip of the
finger or toe; this
condition results
in inflammation
and pain if the
nail grows into
the skin.
Onycholysis It is recommended
A loosening of the
to keep the nails
nail caused by
short and avoid nail
internal disorder,
polish. Use an
infection or drug
emollient cream
treatment.
after washing or
bathing and try to
avoid irritants such
as nail polish
remover and
enamel or solvents
and cleaning
agents.
33
Onychomycosis
Also known as To prevent getting a
tinea unguium or nail fungal infection,
ringworm of the it is advisable to
nails is an keep the nails dry
infectious disease and clean, use an
caused by a antifungal foot spray
fungus which or powder and
commonly avoid cutting the
appears in whitish skin around the
patches that can toenails since this
be scraped off may be an entry
from the surface. point for infection.
Onychoptosis A shedding of one Always wear

or more nails, properly fitted
either in whole or footwear that offer
in part. It can your toes lots of
occur during or space and dry nails
after certain thoroughly.
diseases of the
body, such as
syphilis, as a result
of fever and
system upsets, as
a reaction to
prescription drugs,
or as a result of
trauma.
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Paronychia An inflammation of
the skin around To prevent
the nail caused by paronychia, always
bacteria. The keep your hands
symptoms are and feet dry and
redness, swelling, clean, wear rubber
and tenderness of gloves with an
the tissue absorbent cotton
surrounding the lining if your hands
nail. are exposed
routinely to water or
harsh chemicals
and avoid cutting
your cuticles or
pushing them back.
Matching Type
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your quiz notebook.
Column A Column B
1. Leuconychia a) ingrown nails
2. Onychocryptosis b) inflammation of the skin around the nail
3. Onycholysis c) wavy ridges
4. Paronychia d) shedding of one or more nails
5. Koilonychia e) bitten nails
6. Onychophagy f) white spots

7. Onychoptosis g) an overgrowth of the nail in thickness
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8. Onychomycosis h) spoon nails
9. Corrugations i) ringworm of the nails
10. Onychauxis j) loosening of the nail
Nail diseases and problems have been discussed earlier. It is good to

learn the preventive measures to avoid severe condition in your nails and your
client’s nail. It is not just enough having knowledge, awareness on this, having
best practices keep your hands flexible, well-groomed and smooth especially if
hand massage is being done.
Before you proceed with the relaxing experience of hand spa, let us first identify
its beneficial effects.
Lesson 1.3
BENEFITS OF HAND SPA TREATMENT
Take a look at your hands. Do you have misshapen nails? Do you

have ingrown nails? How about brittle nails? Do you find difficulty to grow
your nails longer? If so, then there is a need for you to have a regular hand
and nail care maintenance.
Below are the following beneficial effects of hand spa:
• Relaxes fingers, wrist and hand muscles.
• Helps loosen tight hand muscles
• Reduces scar tissue and adhesion that cause decreased finger and wrist
mobility.
After knowing the beneficial effects of hand spa, it is very essential for a
manicurist to be aware of the different tools, supplies and equipment to be used
in giving hand spa treatment which can be an added service in manicure or a
separate treatment given at home or in the salon.
The next topic will give you an idea on how to use the following tools, supplies
and equipment needed in performing hand spa treatment.
36
Lesson 1.4
HAND SPA TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
The following tools referred to as implements are durable, permanent

and are hand-held.
Mixing bowl is a small open -top, rounded

cup-like container used for mixing the
aromatic oils and other fluids for the hand
or foot spa.
Pumice Stone is a type of volcanic rock, which

is actually frothy lava solidified to
form a porous rock to remove dry and annoying skin as
well as calluses.
The following supplies/materials are the cosmetics that are consumed

and replaced from time to time. They are also called consumables.
37
sanitizer.
Alcohol is an organic compound used as
reduces or prevents the multiplication of
Body Scrub is a mixture of natural
moisturized and to remove dead skin cells.
sealing the paraffin during a hand spa.
Antiseptic Solution is an agent that
microorganisms.
ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth and
38
Cling Wrap is a thin plastic film used for
39
First Ai d Kit is a collection of supplies for

use in giving first aid.
Lotion is used t o soften and moisturize the

skin.
Mittens are slips over plastic liners to

increase heat retention when used with
paraffin.
Paraffin wax is a mineral wax derived

from pet roleum. It is a soft wax that melts
at a temperature cool enough to safely
immerse your skin. Paraffin wax is used
as a treatment in spas and salons to lock
in moisture.
Soap is used for cleansing.
40
The following equipment are the items which are more or less durable
and permanent needed for a particular activity or purpose.
.
Hand Spa Machine is an electronic
gadget used to soothe pain of arthritis,
muscle spasms and dry cracked skin of
the hands.
Paraffin wax machine contains a heat

source and tank that holds paraffin wax.
The machine melts the wax and maintains
it in a liquid state.
Plastic Basin is used for soaking hands

and holding soapy water
Trolley is a movable cart that contains

supplies and materials.
Identification
Directions: Identify the word /term being describes in the statement. Write the
41
1. What do you use for soaking hands and holding soapy water?
2. What do you call the agent that reduces or prevents the multiplication of
microorganisms?
3. How do you call the mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth and
moisturized and to remove dead skin cells?
4. How do you call the movable cart that contains supplies and materials for hand
spa?
5. How do you call the small open-top, rounded cup-like container used for mixing
the aromatic oils and other fluids for the hand or foot spa?
6. What do you call the slips over plastic liners used to increase heat retention when
used with paraffin?
7. How is a thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin during a hand spa called?
8. How do you call an organic compound used as sanitizer?
9. What do you call the type of volcanic rock, which is actually frothy lava solidified
to form a porous rock to remove dry and annoying skin as well as calluses?
10. What do you call the soft wax that melts at a temperature cool enough to safely
immerse your skin?
Now that you are already familiar with the different tools, supplies and
equipment needed in giving hand spa as well as their uses, the next topic is
about proper care of the tools, supplies/materials and equipment.
Lesson 1.5
CARE OF HAND SPA TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
The following are the steps which can be followed in disinfecting and sterilizing.
Step by step instructions for disinfecting hand spa equipment:
1. Drain the water from the foot spa basin or bowl and remove any visible
debris.
42
2. Clean the surfaces of the foot spa with soap or detergent, rinse with
clean water, and drain.
3. Disinfect the surfaces according to the manufacturer's directions on the

label. Surfaces must remain wet with the disinfectant for 10 minutes or
the time stated on the label, which may be shorter.
4. Drain and rinse with clean water.
Preparation of Metals Implements for Sterilization
1. Soak the tools/ implements in hot, soapy water solution to remove any
debris and oil residue. Rinse them thoroughly.
2. Place the tools/implements in a 70% to 90% alcohol solution for 20

minutes.
3. Remove the tools/implements from solution, wipe them dry, and place
them into a dry sterilizer until ready for use.
It is very important to take good care of the things to be used in giving

hand spa. By following the suggested steps in disinfecting and sterilizing, tools
and equipment are always ready and available for the next activity and can help
to prevent the spread of contagious diseases which can be acquired by using
unclean implements and equipment.
Lesson 1.6
PRE-HAND SPA TREATMENT
Below are the steps involved in hand spa treatment:
1. Seat client.
2. Wash your hands.
3. Check and analyze condition of client’s hand.
4. Remove any jewelry from the body part to be treated
43
Tips and Warnings
Do not proceed with the hand spa treatment if there are signs
of infection.
Glittering Ideas
It is advisable for the clients to wear a protective clothing to

avoid contamination of stain.
Lesson 1.7
HAND SPA TREATMENT
Before you proceed with the steps in hand spa treatment, there is a need
for you to have a background on how to give basic hand massage or hand and
arm massage techniques as these are also a part of the steps in hand spa
treatment.
Basic Hand and Arm Massage Techniques
The hands contain many acupressure and reflexology points which are
associated with the organs and certain parts of the body. Therefore hand massage
should be included with each manicure because it provides significant health benefits.
44
Procedure in Hand Massage
1. Hold the client’s hand in your hand.

Place a dab of lotion on the back of the client’s
hand and spread
it to the fingers and wrist.
2. Hold the client’s hand firmly.

Bend the hand slowly with a forward and
backward movement
limber the wrist. Repeat three times
3. Grasp each finger. Gently bend each

finger, one at a time, to limber the top of the
hand and finger joints. As the fingers and thumb
are bent, slide your thumb down toward the
fingertips
4. With the client’s elbow resting

on the table, hold the hand upright. Massage
the palm of the hands with the cushions of
your thumbs, using a
circular movement in alternate directions.
This movement will completely relax the
client’s hand.
5. Rest client’s arm on the table.

Grasp each finger at the base, and rotate it gently in large circles, ending with a
gentle squeeze of the fingertips. Repeat three times.
45
6. Hold the client’s hand.

Massage the wrist, then top of the hand
with a circular movement. Slide back
and with both hands wring wrist in
opposite direction three times.
7. Finish massage by tapering

each finger. Beginning at the base of
each finger, rotate, pause, and squeeze
with gentle pressure.
Then, pull lightly with pressure until tip is
reached. Repeat three times
8. Repeat steps 1-7 on the

other hand.
Procedure in Hand and Arm Massage
1. Complete hand massage.
2. Palm turned downward on the

table. Massage the arm from wrist to
elbow, using a slow, circular motion in
alternate directions.
Repeat three times. Palm upward
and repeat the same movements three

times.
3. Massage the underpart of the arm to the elbow, using fingers of each
hand in alternate crosswise directions. Repeat three times
4. Massage the top of the arm from wrist to elbow. Apply thumbs in opposite
directions with squeezing motion. Repeat three times.
46
5.Cup elbow joint in your hand.

Massage elbow with circular motion.
Repeat three times
6.
Stroke the arm firmly in opposite directions,
from the elbow to wrist.
Finally, stroke each finger, ending with a

gentle squeeze of the fingertips.
7.
Repeat steps 1-6 on the other arm
One of the relaxing parts of hand spa is

massage. After you familiarized yourself
with the basic steps in hand and arm
massage, let us find out if you can apply
what you have learned in massage by doing
the series of activities ahead of you.
Process
A. Classroom-Based Activity in Hand Massage
1. Students will be grouped with 6 members in each group. Each student

must be able to do the activity to five (5) students who belong to their
group.
2. Prepare the following: towel and lotion
3. Perform the steps in hand and arm massage
4. Evaluate the performance of your classmate by checking the

appropriate boxes corresponding to the degree of competency in
hand and arm massage.
47
Criteria 15 10 5 Fair Score

Very Good
Good
1. Identify and use proper tools, supplies and
equipment in hand spa treatment.
2. Demonstrate the step by step techniques
in hand massage / hand and arm
massage.
3. Work finished on time and with quality.
TOTAL
Rating Scale:
15 - The student consistently perform tasks to standards with no supervision.
10 - The student can perform the tasks with limited supervision/ and or
does not perform the task to standard.
5 - The student can perform the tasks with direct supervision.

B. Arranging Steps Chronologically
Directions: Below are the steps in hand massage (1 – 6) and arm massage (7
– 10). Arrange in sequence the steps by writing the letter ( A-F) for hand
massage and (G-J) arm massage on the corresponding pictures.
(A-F) Hand Massage
1 2 3 4
______ ______ ______ ______

48
5 6
______ ______
(G – J) Arm Massage
7 8 9 10
_______ _______ _______ _______

After acquiring the skills on basic hand and arm massage, you are now
ready to perform hand spa treatment…
Lesson 1.8
STEPS IN GIVING HAND SPA TREATMENT
Procedure:
1. Prepare and use necessary tools and supplies/materials
2. Wash client's hand with lukewarm water and soap, and towel-dry before and
after scrubbing.
3. Apply appropriate lotion.
(By applying lotion, the removal of the hardened paraffin becomes easier)
49
4. Determine and test appropriate temperature for heat tolerance of client.
(Touch the edge of your palm to the melted paraffin to test that the temperature
is comfortable for you)
5. Soak hands for 4 seconds for 3 consecutive times in wax and wrap with plastic
gloves and mittens.
6. Allow the paraffin to remain in place for 10 to 15 minutes.
7. Remove wax from hands according to manufacturer's instructions.
8. Apply hand softening product and massage according to prescribed procedure.
9. Advise client after service on maintenance program.
10. Confirm and record client's desired service outcome.
50
Glittering Ideas
If you don’t have a massage cream or oil to lubricate

client’s hands, use lotion or olive oil (if available).
A. Classroom-Based Activity in Hand Spa Treatment
1. Prepare the following:
Supplies and Materials Accessories/Tools/Equipment

• new paraffin wax • hand spa machine
• sanitizer • paraffin wax machine
• lotion or massage oil • Basin
• lukewarm water • trolley
• soap
• Cling wrap
• Scrub lotion
• Towel
• Mittens
• Plastic gloves
2. Choose a partner and perform the steps in hand spa treatment. Once
finished, let your partner perform the same steps.
3. Evaluate the performance of your classmate by checking the appropriate

boxes corresponding to the degree of competency in hand spa treatment.

Very Good
Good
equipment in hand spa treatment.
in hand spa treatment..
51
TOTAL
Rating Scale:
Reflect and Understand
ESSAY/SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Directions: Read and analyze the situations below. In not less than 5 sentences,
answer the given questions based from your understanding.
1. Ramil gave his daughter a gift certificate for a hand spa and manicure
hoping that it would stop her onychophagy. What is your idea about
the condition of onychophagy?
2. Haydee went to a salon to experience hand spa treatment because

her friend told her about the beneficial effects of hand spa.
Unfortunately, during the hand spa session, she found a lot of
mistakes. What are the common problems or mistakes that you can
encounter while receiving a hand spa treatment? How will you find
solutions to these problems if you will be the one to give a hand spa
service?
Learning Outcome 2 - Perform Post Hand Spa Activity
Objectives

52
1. Identify the preventive measures in disposing waste products according to

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) requirements
2. Observe proper sanitation and storage of tools and equipment
3. Perform post hand spa activity
Lesson 1.9
POST HAND SPA ACTIVITY
Storing and Sanitation Techniques
Take a look at the things around you. Even though these things may
look clean in your eyes but what you do not know is that there is still presence
of contaminants. Contaminant is any substance that causes contamination.
Salon professional must always ensure safety and sanitation in the salon to
prevent and control infections and contagious diseases although it is very
impossible to keep the salon free from all contamination.
There is still a solution to prevent and control infections or contagious
diseases in the salon and that is through decontamination. Decontamination is
removing pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces.
There are three levels of decontamination and these are sterilization, sanitation
and disinfection.
Sterilization is the process of making an object germ-free by the

destruction of all kinds of bacteria and it is also the highest level of
decontamination. Sterilization is impossible since you cannot sterilize all the
tools and equipment used in the salon.
Sanitation means significantly reducing the number of pathogens found

on a surface and is also considered as the lowest level of decontamination. Why
is sanitation considered as the lowest level of decontamination? Example is the
hair in a comb. Hair is the contaminant in the comb. How do you apply sanitation
here? All you have to do is to remove the hair from the comb and it is as easy
as that. That is why sanitation is the lowest level of decontamination.
Disinfection is the second level of decontamination next to sterilization.

Disinfection is very much applicable in the salon since sterilization is not
practical and sanitation alone is not enough. Disinfection is the use of
disinfectant and antiseptic. Disinfectant is any substance or chemicals used to
destroy bacteria but is not safe to use on skin while antiseptic is an agent that
53
prevents the multiplication of bacteria. Since it is milder than disinfectant. It can

be used directly on the skin.
Any of these levels of decontamination must always be a part of every

nail care services and should be done before and after giving nail services to
your client. Proper waste disposal and proper handling and use of chemicals
are also of great importance when it comes to post-service activity.
Service Maintenance Program
Now, after performing the hand spa treatment to your client, it is time for you to
do the following steps:
1. Dispose waste products including used wax according to occupational

health and safety rules and regulations.
2. Sanitize and store tools, supplies and equipment.
3. Clean and sanitize work station for the next treatment activity.
Good Housekeeping System (5’s)
Proper Waste Disposal refers to the process in keeping waste materials or

products in the proper place to avoid contamination.
Below are the steps in handling waste materials or products.
The 5’s
1. Seiri (Sort)
 TIDINESS, ORGANIZATION
 Taking out and disposing of unnecessary items
 Items that are not needed are thrown away or disposed
2. Seiton (Systematize)
 ORDERLINESS
 Tools, equipment, and materials must be systematically
arranged for the easiest and most efficient access 
Arrange / Organize necessary items in good condition 
Assign a place for everything for easy access and returning
of the equipment, tools and even documents.
3. Seiso (Sweep)
54
 CLEANLINESS
 Cleaning even if things are not dirty. Regular cleaning
prevents things from getting too dirty that it would be
difficult to make it clean
 Indicates the need to keep the work place clean
4. Seiketsu (Standardize)
 STANDARDS
 Maintaining the workplace in high standard housekeeping
 Allows for control and consistency. Basic housekeeping
standard apply everywhere in the facility
 Housekeeping duties are part of regular work routines
 Prepare Housekeeping Standard Checklist. Checklist
should be very detailed
 Thoroughness is a requirement of EXCELLENCE
Tips and Warnings
Tips in Preparing a Housekeeping Standard Checklist
Keep it simple – one page checklist

Follow a logical sequence
Use bulleted enumerated points, if relevant and necessary
Avoid making assumptions
5. Shitsuke (Self-discipline)
 SUSTAINING DISCIPLINE
 Doing things spontaneously without having to be told
 “Teach by doing”
 It is a good discipline to leave the workplace cleaner than when it
is found
Glittering Ideas
Safety and security are important parts of the housekeeping system .

.
55
Essay
Directions: Read and analyze the situations below. In not less than 5 sentences,
answer the given questions based from your understanding.
1. What sanitation techniques should you apply after performing hand

spa treatment?
2. Why is it important to keep your work station clean and orderly?
3. How will you store the supplies, tools and equipment used in hand spa
treatment?
Transfer
Before you go on with the series of activities ahead of you, it is very

essential to familiarize yourself with the Project Plan and its importance in doing
all the activities.
PROJECT PLAN
A project plan answers the following basic questions regarding the task:
WHY - Why is the basic task related to the project?

- Title of the project/activity.
WHAT - What are the activities required to successfully

complete the project?
- What are the main products or services?
WHO - Who will take part in the activity and what are their
responsibilities during the project?
- How can they be organized?
WHEN - What exactly is the activity schedule and when

the jobs can be completed?
Project Plan - requires detailed and vital documentation to track activity
requirements, functionalities, scheduling and budget. Poor documentation can
lead to disastrous results for all projects. Formal and clear project plan establish
detailed project requirements including human and financial resources.
56
A. Project Plan Making
Directions: Make a Project Plan based from the given sample outline.
57
Now that you are already equipped with the knowledge and skills in basic
hand and arm massage, steps in giving hand spa treatment and the preparatory
activities to be done, this is your time to experience the relaxing part of this
lesson……the HAND SPA TREATMENT
Let us find out what you have learned by doing the series of activities.
Things you'll need
Supplies and Materials Accessories/Tools/Equipment

• new paraffin wax • hand spa machine
• sanitizer • paraffin wax machine
• lotion or massage oil • Basin
• lukewarm water • trolley
• soap
• Cling wrap
• Scrub lotion
• Towel
• Mittens
• Plastic gloves
B. Classroom-Based Activity in Hand Spa Treatment

group.
2. Perform the steps in hand spa treatment.
3. Refer to the given Rubric for Performance.
4. Accomplish the Project Plan.
58
Rubric for Performance
Dimension Highly Skilled Moderately Unskilled No Attempt

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Never Selects, No attempt to
1. Use of selection, selection, selection, prepares and use
tools, preparation preparation preparation use tools/equipme
equipment and use of nt
and use of and use of appropriate
and materials
and tools/ materials materials materials and
materials
equipment and tools/ and tools/ tools/equipme
all the time equipment equipment nt
20%
most of the some of the
time time
Systematic Systematic Systematic Never follows No attempt to
2.Applicatio application application application systematic apply
n of of of application of procedures to
of procedures procedures procedures procedures
project
procedure all the time most of the some of the and
without time with time with highly
minimum development
40% supervision constant
supervision on supervision
supervision
Highly Selfmotivate Selfmotivate Needs to be No motivation
3. Safety / selfmotivate d and d and motivated and and totally
Work d and observes observes does not disregards
Habits observes all sometimes
most safety observe safety precaution
safety some
precautions safety precaution
30% precautions
most of the precautions
at all times
time
Work Work Work Work finished No concept of
4. Speed / finished finished finished way beyond time
Time ahead of meets close to deadline
time deadline deadline
10%
Rating Scale
Weighted Score: = Score x Item (weight)
Score Percentage = Total weighted score x 30 + 70
Perfect score (5)
59
Example:
5 x 20% = 1 Total weighted score = 4.5
5 x 40% = 2 Score Percentage
4 x 30% = 1.2 =4.5 x 30 + 70
3 x 10% =0.3 5
Grade = 97
60
C. Home Activity in Hand and Arm Massage
1. Go to your neighbors and friends and choose clients (at least 2). Apply hand
and arm massage.
2. Refer to Rubric of Performance below for evaluation of the activity.

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
tools, preparation preparation preparation use appropriate tools/equipment
equipment and use of
materials and use of and use of materials and
and
and tools/ materials and materials and tools/equipment
materials
equipment tools/ tools/
all the time equipment equipment
20%
time time
2.Application application of application of application of systematic apply
of procedure procedures procedures procedures application of procedures to
all the time most of the some of the procedures and
time with project
40% without time with highly
minimum
supervision constant development
supervision
Highly Selfmotivated Selfmotivated Needs to be No motivation
3. Safety / selfmotivated and observes and observes motivated and and totally
Work Habits and most safety sometimes does not disregards
observes all some
precautions observe safety precaution
safety safety
30% most of the precaution
precautions precautions
time
at all times
4. Speed / finished finished finished close way beyond time
Time ahead of meets to deadline deadline
time deadline
10%
61
D. Culminating Activity - Putting up a mini-parlor (optional)

The students’ outputs/services in Beauty Care class, specifically, the lessons
learned from hand/arm massage and hand spa treatment will be showcased by
putting-up a mini-parlor in the school. Students will be guided by their teacher in
planning, implementing, and assessing the said activity.
Directions: Below is an example of an Accomplishment Report Card.
Use this anytime you're going to have your beauty service.
Name of Student:_____________________
ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT
Date Service Amount of Signature
and Names of Client
Time Rendered Payment of Client
How to be evaluated?
Rubric for Performance (Hand/Arm Massage and Hand Spa Treatment)

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
equipment and use of and use of and use of
materials and
and materials materials materials
and tools/ and tools/ and tools/ tools/equipment
materials
equipment equipment equipment
all the time most of the some of the
20%
time time
all the time most of the some of the procedures and project
without time with time with
40% highly
minimum
supervision
62

some
observes all precautions observe safety precaution
safety
30% safety most of the precaution
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
Rating Scale

Perfect score (5)
Suggested Activities in Quarter 1 – Perform Hand Spa
Games
Role playing
Portfolio assessment
Powerpoint presentation of different diseases and
disorders of the nail
POST TEST
Multiple Choice
your quiz notebook.
63
1. Part of the nail structure that contains nerves and blood vessel located beaneath
the nail root.
a) Skin c) Matrix
b) Nerve d) Surgery
a) Eponychium c) Nail walls
b) Hyponychium d) Nail grooves
3. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail.



a) Onyx c) Onycholysis
b) Onconail d) Onyxil
6. Adult’s nail growth per month.

a) 1/4 Inch c) ¾ Inch
b) 1/8 Inch d) ½ Inch

a) Pus c) Bacteria
b) Fungus d) Yeast
8. Wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails.

a) Onychia c) Onychauxis
b) Pterygium d) Corrugations
9. An inflammation of the skin around the nail caused by bacteria.
10. An overgrowth of the nail, usually in thickness rather than length.

a) Onychia c) Onychauxis
b) Pterygium d) Corrugations
64

a) Hangnails c) Bruised nails
b) Bitten nails d) Split nails
disease.
13. It is caused by nervous habit and stress related.

a) Hangnails c) Bruised nails
b) Bitten nails d) Split nails
14. Used as a treatment in spas and salons to lock in moisture.

a) Paraffin wax c) Lotion
b) Body scrub d) Soap
15. A thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin during a hand spa.
16. The slips over plastic liners to increase heat retention when used with
paraffin.
17. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep skin soft, smooth and remove dead
skin cells.
a) Lotion c) Alcohol
b) Antiseptic d) Scrub lotion

65
20. The process whereby microorganisms are destroyed.

a) Sterilization c) Sanitization
b) Sanitation d) Vaccination
***
66
QUARTER 2
LESSON 2
PERFORM FOOT SPA
Foot Spa Treatment is another relaxing service offered in the salon

that pampers our tired feet which is the most exercised part of our body as it
carries our weight and performs most of the time during the day. Aside from
relaxing our feet, it can also help prevent and cure many symptoms such as
headache, stress, asthma, constipation, sinusitis, migraine and improve the
circulation of the blood as one of the most beneficial effects of foot massage.
You will learn all the reflex points on the feet and how to manipulate
these points to bring balance, relaxation and healing to the entire body. In
addition, you will learn the added benefits.
67
PRE-TEST
Identification
Directions: Below are words/terms that describe the statement related to foot
spa. Identify the right word/term that will complete each statement and write the
apply towel dry heat
10-15 minutes remove maintenanc e
temperature wash tools
4 seconds confirm
1. The client needs to ______ feet with warm water and soap before and after
scrubbing.
2. Then ______the feet and apply with appropriate lotion.
3. Set foot spa machine to regulate _______ and achieve required melting of wax.
4. Prepare and use necessary _____ and supplies/materials according to OHS

requirements.
5. Determine and test appropriate _____ for heat tolerance of client.
6. Soak foot for _____ for 3 consecutive times in wax and wrap with plastic liners and
boots.
7. Allow the paraffin to remain in place for _____
8. We need to_____ wax from foot according to manufacturer's instructions.
9. Then _____ foot softening product and massage according to prescribed

procedure.
68
10. Advise client after service on_____ program.
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer in your
quiz notebook
1. An agent that reduces or prevents the multiplication of microorganisms.

a) Foot scrub c) Foot blush
b) Antiseptic solution d) Paraffin
2. The mineral derived from petroleum that melts at a temperature cool

enough to safely immerse the skin.
a) Foot scrub c) Pumice stone
3. A liquid spray that contains peppermint and alpha hydroxyl acids derived
from fruits that whisks away dead skin cells, deodorizes and soften the feet,
giving it a pinkish glow after use
a) Foot blush c) Foot scrub
b) Foot lotion d) Foot file
4. The simple seat with three or four legs designed to provide comfort and
elevation during a foot spa
a) Foot spa basin c) Foot file
b) Foot spa machine d) Foot spa stool
5. An implement used to soften rough areas on the feet such as calluses

6. A large rectangular container used for bathing and soaking the feet
7. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth, moisturized and
exfoliate
69
8. Tool designed to strip off calluses and corns.

a) Callous Remover c) Foot file
b) Foot scrub d) Alcohol
9. The material made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on one side to
remove calluses and a fine file on the other to smoothen the feet.
a) Callous remover c) Foot file
10. An absorbent cloth for drying the hands and feet.

a) Hand blower c) Towel
b) Cotton d) Boots
***
Know
70

concepts in performing Foot Spa Treatment as an added service to pedicure.
Readings and enhancement activities are provided to serve as a guide for you.
So keep going!
Learning Outcome 1 - Apply foot spa
Objectives
1. Analyze the condition of foot nails
2. Observe safety precautions in applying foot spa to clients
3. Perform foot spa following the prescribed procedure according to

Occupational Health and Safety requirements
Lesson 2.1
FOOT SPA TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
Most of the tools, supplies and equipment used in giving hand spa
treatment can also be used in giving foot spa
Foot Spa Tools
Callous Remover refers to a tool designed to strip

off calluses and corns.
Foot file refers to a metal or sandpaper, with a rough file

on one side to remove calluses and a fine file on the other to smoothen the feet.
Pumice stone is used to soften rough areas on the feet such as calluses
71
Foot Spa Supplies
Antiseptic Solution is an agent that reduces or

prevents the multiplication of microorganisms.
Cling Wrap is a thin plastic film used for sealing the

paraffin during a foot spa.
Foot Blush refers to a liquid spray that contains

peppermint and alpha hydroxyl acids derived from fruits
that whisks away dead skin cells, deodorizes and
soften the
feet, giving it a pinkish glow after use.
Foot Scrub refers to a mixture of natural ingredients

to keep feet soft, smooth, moisturized and exfoliate
Foot Soak refers to a herbal blend to relax, energize,

soothe and deodorize the feet
Foot spa cream or lotion serves as

moisturizer
Paraffin Wax refers to a mineral wax derived from petroleum. It is a soft wax that
melts at a temperature cool enough to safely immerse the skin. Paraffin wax is
used as a treatment in spas and salons to
lock in moisture
Towel is an absorbent cloth for drying the

hands and feet.
72
Foot Spa Equipment
Foot Spa Basin is a large rectangular container used

for bathing and soaking the
feet
Foot Spa Machine is an electronic gadget used to

soothe pain of arthritis, muscle
spasms and dry cracked skin of the feet.
Foot Spa Stool refers to a simple seat with
three or four legs designed to provide

comfort and elevation during a foot spa
Paraffin wax machine contains a heat source and

tank that holds paraffin wax.
The machine melts the wax and maintains it in a liquid
state.
Identification
Directions: Write the correct word/term being describes in the statement. Write your
answer in the quiz notebook.
1. A liquid spray that contains peppermint and alpha hydroxyl acids derived from fruits
that whisks away dead skin cells, deodorizes and soften the feet, giving it a pinkish
glow after use
3. The simple seat with three or four legs designed to provide comfort and elevation
during foot spa.
73
4. An implement used to soften rough areas on the feet such as calluses.
5. A large rectangular container used for bathing and soaking the feet.
6. The mineral derived from petroleum that it melts at a temperature cool enough to
safely immerse your skin.
7. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth, moisturized and exfoliate
10. The material made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on one side to remove
calluses and a fine file on the other to smoothen the feet.
Lesson 2.2
BASIC FOOT MASSAGE TECHNIQUES
Tips and Warnings
You’ll need to apply lotion or other essential oils in doing a massage

to prevent friction burns.
74
How to Give a Basic Foot Massage
1. Hold the bottom of the foot with both

hands. Begin rubbing the top of the foot, slowly
working your way down to the sole of the foot.
Apply more pressure as you get closer to the sole.
Reverse directions and rub the foot moving slowly
towards the top, reducing pressure as you go.
2. Rub the heel of the foot. Use your

thumbs for this, making small circles with medium
to heavy pressure. Work your way around the
entire heel. Repeat this action on the ball of the
foot.
3. Use cross-fiber friction on the heels of

the feet. This means you use your thumbs to push
up and down on the heel. While one thumb is
pushing up, the other should be pushing down.
4. Massage around the ankle bone. Use both

hands to rub in a circular motion around the bone on
either side, and gently rub your fingers over the top of the
bone.
5. Use a fist to massage the arch of the

foot. With your hand closed in a fist, use the
tops of your fingers to apply pressure to the arch.
Roll your hand back and forth to knead the
skin gently.
6. Massage the toes. Spend time on each

individual toe
75
 Go to each toe and gently pull on it. This

may cause the joint to pop, but unless it
causes the person discomfort, continue
to do this to each toe.
 Slide your index finger in the gap

between each toe. Spend time moving it
back and forth, rubbing the base of each
toe with your index and thumb if desired.
Other Techniques in Foot Massage
1. Apply the milking stroke. To do this, hold the

foot in both hands and give ten short, strong pulls on one
side and then the other.
Imagine the pulling motion of
milking a cow while doing
this.
2. Use the Indian rub
technique. Hold the side of the foot with both
thumbs placed on the inside center of the arch.
Move your hands back and forth as if you were
wringing out a wet towel. Allow a lot of
movement of the foot while applying this
technique.
3. Try petrissage on the achilles tendon and

lower foot. Petrissage is a type of
massage that involves lifting and squeezing
muscles to stimulate them.
 Starting at the back of the heel and ankle

around the achilles tendon, use one hand to
gently squeeze and pull the foot. Start softly,
but apply more pressure and speed the
longer you do it.
76
 Push the muscles starting at the achilles

tendon and working towards the toes. Doing
this will lift the muscles of the foot, helping to
work out impurities.
4. Massage the long muscle of the foot. The

long muscle begins near the achilles tendon and
ends at the knee, and is closely tied to muscle
movements in the foot.
 Have your partner straighten their leg

vertically, and use your forearm to apply
pressure downward into the foot. Slowly
move your arm so as to use your elbow to
apply more pressure into the foot.
5. Perform ankle rotations. Hold the foot up, and

use one hand to rotate the foot around the ankle.
Move the foot in circles ten times in one direction,
and then ten times in the opposite direction. The ankle joints may pop, but
unless this causes the person any discomfort there is no need to stop.
Tips and Warnings
Use calm, soothing voice while giving the massage. Don't speak
too rapidly or in a strained voice. Let whatever you say soothe the receiver of
your massage even further.
Glittering Ideas
Creams tend to be thicker than lotions and work well for foot
massages. Oils work to soften the rough calluses on the bottom of feet and
you can also warm the oil or cream to make it more
comfortable for the person receiving the massage.
77
Classroom-Based Activity in Foot Massage

group.
2. Prepare the following: lotion or oil and towel
3. Perform the steps in foot massage.
4. Evaluate the performance of your classmate by checking the

appropriate boxes corresponding to the degree of competency in foot
massage.
Criteria 15 10 5 Score
Very Good Fair
Good
equipment in foot massage.
in foot massage.
TOTAL
Rating Scale:
15 - The student consistently perform tasks to standards with no

supervision.
78
Matching Type
Directions: Match the steps in Column A with its corresponding foot massage pictures
in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your quiz notebook
Column A Column
1) Hold the bottom of the foot with both hands. a)

Begin rubbing the top of the foot, slowly working
your way down to the sole of the foot. Apply more
pressure as you get closer to the sole.
2) Rub the heel of the foot. Use your thumbs for b)

this, making small circles with medium to heavy
pressure. Work your way around the entire heel. Repeat
this action on the ball of the foot.
3) Use cross-fiber friction on the heels of c)

the feet. This means you use your thumbs to
push up and down on the heel. While one thumb
is pushing up, the other should be pushing down.
4) Massage around the ankle bone. Use d)

both hands to rub in a circular motion around the
bone on either side, and gently rub your fingers
over the top of the bone
79
e)
5) Use a fist to massage the arch of the

foot. With your hand closed in a fist, use the tops
of your fingers to apply pressure to the arch. Roll
your hand back and forth to knead the skin
gently.
6) Massage the toes. Spend time on each

individual toe
Now that you are already equipped with basic foot massage techniques, it is
now time for you to learn the preparatory activities before giving foot spa to your
client.
Lesson 2.3
PRE-FOOT SPA TREATMENT
The primary responsibility of the salon professionals is to always

ensure safety and comfort of his/her client while giving services.
The following are the things to be done before giving the foot spa
treatment:
1. Seat client on a chair (have client remove shoes and stockings)

2. Ensure client's safety and comfort prior to foot spa activity.
(Place client's feet on a clean towel on footrest to prevent stains)
3. Wash your hands.

4. Check the condition of foot nails.
5. Remove any jewelry from the body part to be treated.
80
Tips and Warnings
If there are signs of infection, the client will not be given nail
services, refer instead the client to a physician.
Lesson 2.4
FOOT SPA TREATMENT
Things you'll need in performing foot spa
Supplies/Materials Accessories/Tools/Equipment
• new paraffin wax • paraffin wax machine

• sanitizer lotion or • foot spa machine
• massage oil • footrest/foot stool
• lukewarm water • basin
•
soap • pumice stone
plastic liners • foot file (not metal)
•
apron foot • gloves (for foot spa) rough
•
scrub foot • mixing bowl
• towel foot soak • trolley
• alcohol foot
• blush rubber
• slippers
•
•
Steps in Giving Foot Spa Treatment
1. Prepare and use necessary tools and supplies/materials.
2. Wash feet with warm water and soap before and after
scrubbing.
81
3. Towel dry feet and apply with appropriate lotion.
(By applying lotion, the removal of the hardened paraffin

becomes easier)
4. Set foot spa machine to regulate heat and achieve required

melting of wax.
5. Determine and test appropriate temperature for heat tolerance of

client.
6. Soak foot for 4 seconds for 3 consecutive times in wax and wrap
with plastic liners and boots.
7. Allow the paraffin to remain in place for 10 to 15 minutes.
8. Remove wax from foot according to manufacturer's instructions.
9. Apply foot softening product and massage according to prescribed

procedure.
82
10. Advise client after service on maintenance program .
11. Confirm with client desired service outcome and to be recorded.
Safety Precautions
1. Take proper care of the tools.
2. Dispose and replace any tool that does not function anymore.
3. Always sterilize the tools every after use to be sure there is no bacteria or
fungus growth.
4. Read the instructions carefully how tools should be used to avoid injury.
Process
Classroom-Based Activity in Foot Spa Treatment
Supplies/Materials Accessories/Tools/Equipment
• new paraffin wax • paraffin wax machine

• sanitizer lotion or • foot spa machine
• massage oil • footrest/foot stool
• lukewarm water • basin
•
soap • pumice stone
plastic liners • foot file (not metal)
•
apron foot • gloves (for foot spa) rough
•
scrub foot • mixing bowl
• towel foot soak • trolley
• alcohol foot
• blush rubber
• slippers
•
83
2. Choose a partner and perform the steps in foot spa treatment. Once
finished, let your partner perform the same steps.
3. Evaluate the performance of your classmate by checking the appropriate

boxes corresponding to the degree of competency in foot spa treatment.
Criteria 15 10 5 Score
Very Good Fair
Good
equipment in foot spa treatment
in foot spa treatment.

TOTAL
Rating Scale:
84
15 - The student consistently perform tasks to standards with no

supervision.
Learning Outcome 2 - Perform post foot spa activity
Objectives
1. Observe proper waste disposal of products used in foot spa
2. Practice proper sanitation of tools and equipment in foot spa
3. Perform post foot spa activity
Lesson 2.5
PERFORM POST FOOT SPA ACTIVITY
Now, after performing the foot spa treatment to your client, it is time for you to
do the following steps:
1. Dispose waste products including used wax according to OHS and

Department of Health requirements.
2. Sanitize and store tools and equipment.
3. Clean and sanitize work station for the next treatment activity.

85
Essay
Directions: Read the statement carefully. In not less than 5 sentences, answer
the questions based from your understanding about foot spa treatment.
Much has been said about the benefits of foot spa treatment that is why it
becomes an added service given before a manicure. What do you think are the
beneficial effects of receiving a regular foot spa treatment? Aside from foot spa
treatment offered in the salon, how will you take good care of your feet at home?
Transfer
Now that you are already familiar with the concepts about foot spa, you are
now ready to do the series of activities ahead of you.
A. Classroom-Based Activity in Foot Spa Treatment

group.
2. Perform the steps in foot spa treatment.

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
86

materials and
materials
20%
time time
40% highly
minimum
supervision
3. Safety / selfmotivated and and motivated and and totally
Work Habits and does not disregards
observes all observes observes observe safety precaution
30% safety most safety sometimes precaution
precautions precautions some
safety
at all times most of the
precautions
time
time deadline
10%
Rating Scale
Perfect score (5)
Example:
4 x 30% = 1.2 =4.5 x 30 + 70
87
3 x 10% =0.3 5
Grade = 97
88
89
B. Home Activity in Foot Massage
1. Go to your neighbors and friends and choose clients (at least 2). Apply foot
massage.
2. Refer to Rubric of Performance below for evaluation of the activity.

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
materials and use of and use of materials and
and
materials
all the time equipment equipment
20%
time time
time with project
minimum
supervision
observes all some
precautions observe safety precaution
safety safety
30% most of the precaution
precautions precautions
time
at all times
time deadline
10%
90
C. Culminating Activity - Putting up a mini-parlor (optional)
The students’ outputs/services in Beauty Care class, specifically, the

lessons learned from foot massage and foot spa treatment will be showcased
by putting-up a mini-parlor in the school. Students will be guided by their teacher
in planning, implementing, and assessing the said activity.

Use this anytime you're going to have your beauty service.
Name of Student:_____________________
Time Service Amount of Signature
and Names of Client
Date Rendered Payment of Client

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
materials and
materials
20%
time time
91

40% highly
minimum
supervision
some
safety
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
Rating Scale

Perfect score (5)
Suggested Activities in Quarter 2 – Perform Foot Spa
Games
Role playing
Portfoli o assessment
Field trip (in the salon)
92
POST TEST
Identification
Directions: Below are words/terms that describe the statement related to foot
spa. Identify the right word/term that will complete each statement and write the
apply towel dry heat
10-15 minutes remove maintenance
temperature wash tools
4 seconds confirm
1. The client needs to ______ feet with warm water and soap before and after
scrubbing.
2. Then ______the feet and apply with appropriate lotion.
3. Set foot spa machine to regulate _______ and achieve required melting of
wax.
4. Prepare and use necessary _____ and supplies/materials according to

OHS requirements.
5. Determine and test appropriate _____ for heat tolerance of client.
6. Soak foot for _____ for 3 consecutive times in wax and wrap with plastic
liners and boots.
7. Allow the paraffin to remain in place for _____
8. We need to_____ wax from foot according to manufacturer's instructions.
9. Then _____ foot softening product and massage according to prescribed

procedure.
93
10. Advise client after service on_____ program.
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer in your quiz
notebook

a) Foot scrub c) Foot blush
3. The mineral derived from petroleum that melts at a temperature cool enough to
safely immerse the skin.
3. A liquid spray that contains peppermint and alpha hydroxyl acids derived
from fruits that whisks away dead skin cells, deodorizes and soften the feet,
giving it a pinkish glow after use
a) Foot blush c) Foot scrub
b) Foot lotion d) Foot file
4. The simple seat with three or four legs designed to provide comfort and
elevation during a foot spa
5. An implement used to soften rough areas on the feet such as calluses

6. A large rectangular container used for bathing and soaking the feet
7. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft, smooth, moisturized and

exfoliate
94


a) Callous Remover c) Foot file
9. The material made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on one side to
remove calluses and a fine file on the other to smoothen the feet. a) Callous
remover c) Foot file

a) Hand blower c) Towel
b) Cotton d) Boots
***
QUARTER 3
Lesson 3
95
PERFORM MANICURE AND PEDICURE
This lesson contains information on the step-by-step procedure of basic

Manicure and Pedicure services. By following these steps, you can create
different designs from the basic to the more complicated nail designs.
This will also help you to develop and acquire skills about the proper care of the
hands and finger nails as well as proper care of feet and toe nails.
Having knowledge about the structures of nail as well as its diseases and
disorders are also very much important when it comes to giving nail services
such as manicure and pedicure. When giving nail services, always keep in mind
to have safety precautions and sanitation procedures at all times to prevent
accidents or injury and to protect you and your client.
PRE-TEST
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Directions: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. One of the safety precautions to be observed in giving nail services are the
following except,
a) Keep all containers covered and labeled
b) Use a sharp, pointed implement to cleanse under the nail.
c) Handle sharp-pointed implements carefully and avoid dropping
them.
d) Hold or move containers with dry hands
2. Safety measures to observe when cleaning the nail.

a) Do not file too deeply into nail corners
b) File too deeply into the nail corners
c) Never touch the nail corner
d) Touch the nail corners
3. This is applied immediately when the skin is accidentally cut.

a) Hand lotion
b) Disinfectant
c) Detergent
d) Antiseptic
4. One Important step to observe in cleaning the nails.

a) Avoid excessive friction in nail buffing.
b) Exert too much pressure at the back of the nail
c) Push the cuticle too far
d) File the nail too deeply into nail corners
5. If you noticed to your client that there are signs of infection such as pain,
swelling, redness and presence of pus, you must
a) Refer him/her to a physician.
b) Treat it yourself
c) Call an ambulance
d) Give services still
6. What to use in cleaning the under free edge of the nail.

a) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in soapy water
b) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in zonrox
c) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in hydrogen pyroxide
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d) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in lukewarm water

a) Any direction
b) Upward movement
c) Sideward movement
d) Downward movement
8. After the cleaning of finger nails and toenails and the added services such
as massage, you can now
a) Allow your client to make the finger nails and toe nails look more
attractive
b) Allow your client to develop skill in manicure and pedicure
c) Allow your client to disregard the cleaning done
d) Allow your client to apply design in his/her finger nails and toe nails
9. An efficient manicurist knows how to;

a) Produce unsatisfied costumer
b) Produce undesirable service
c) Produce desired effect without waste of time and energy
d) Produce same nail designs all the time
10. The application of top coat is applied ____.

a) After color enamel
b) Before color enamel
c) After seal coat
d) Right after the color enamel is applied not considering if it is still wet
11. A cosmetic use to prevent stains against colored nail polish is called as___.
a) Color enamel
b) Base coat
c) Quick dry
d) Cuticle oil
12. A cosmetic use to give color to the nail body or nail plate.
a) Color enamel
b) Base coat
c) Quick dry
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d) Cuticle oil
Test II: Arrange the Steps Chronologically
Directions: Arrange the steps in cleaning nails in proper order by writing letters
A-H on the space provided for before each number.
_____1. Trim cuticle

_____2. Remove old polish
_____3. Loosen cuticle
_____4. Cleanse nails
_____5. Shape nails
_____6. Soften cuticle
_____7. Clean under free edge
_____8. Dry hands and nails thoroughly
***
Know

concepts in performing Manicure and Pedicure. Readings and enhancement
activities are provided to serve as a guide for you. So keep going!
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Learning Outcome 1- Clean finger nails and toe nails
Objectives
1. Check and analyze client’s nail structure and condition
2. Familiarize with the different shapes of nails
3. Prepare appropriate sanitized tools and equipment, supplies and materials

according to salon procedures
4. Clean nails in accordance with the proper and correct procedure
Lesson 3.1
NAIL SHAPES
Nails vary into four general shapes. Before you start to work on your client’s
nails, both of you should agree on the best nail shape. It should conform to that
of the fingertips for a more natural effect. People who perform work mostly with
their hands prefer to have a shorter nails to avoid breakage and injury.
You should examine the hands of your client and its condition before starting.
If you notice some disorder, prepare nail repair. You should provide your client
protective materials/supplies for hygienic purposes.
Are you aware of your nail shape? Do you know your ideal nail shape for your
desired manicure? Now is the time for you to discover the different types of nail
shapes.
Types of Nail Shape
Round
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As one of the most conservative shapes of the bunch,

the round shape is ideal for men and those who like to
maintain short nails. This shape is flattering for wide
nails, and gives the illusion of a thinner nail bed. File the
side walls straight like a square, then round the free
edge into that perfect swooping circle.
Square
This shape is referred to a classic shape. The square is

ideal for a bigger nail bed (it tends to make smaller
nail beds look shorter and wider).
To create this timeless shape, file the side walls straight

and make sure they're perpendicular to the free edge of the
nail. Once you've got the perfect
square, angle your emery board and bevel the nail.
Oval
The tapered side walls of the oval create an elegant shape for
women. Oval shapes flatter both wide and
narrow nail beds, and add length with a graceful tip.
To achieve the perfect oval shape, file side walls straight to

make sure they are even. Then, shape the side walls into a
rounded oval, making sure the angles are even on each
side.
Square Oval (Squoval)
Combining the elegance of the oval with the strength of the

square, the squoval is a popular nail shape for
most fingers.
First begin with a square with straight and even side

walls. File the corners until your free edge is rounded and
beveled. Remember, you still want strong side
supports—don't go too file-happy.
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Almond/Point
The pointed nail is a popular style for acrylic and nail art
designs, especially in Eastern Europe and Asia. And
while it's not favored for the everyday look, this extreme
shape can actually slenderize and lengthen the fingers.
File the side walls evenly and taper until you've reached
the desired tip.
Deciding Your Shape
How do you decide which nail shape is right for you? If your nail beds are
wide, try a squoval shape. If they are narrow, try a sharp square shape to widen
and strengthen. If you keep short nails, a rounded shape is your best bet for
low-maintenance style. You can also look at the lunula (the half-moon shape on
your nail bed) for nail-shaping guidance. If it's more curved, try oval or rounded.
Identification
Directions: Identify the word/term being described in the statement. Write the
1. Nail shape suited to thin hands with narrow nail beds. The shape is tapered
and somewhat longer than usual.
2. Nail shape that is similar to squoval with even more rounded corners. This
shape is attractive for most women's hands.
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3. Nail shape with a square free edge that is rounded off and extends just
slightly past the tip of the finger.
4. Nail shape that is completely straight across with no rounding at the edges.
The length of the nail can vary.
5. Nail shape that is slightly tapered and extends just a bit past the tip of the
finger. This natural looking shape is common for male clients.
Lesson 3.2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND SANITATION PROCEDURES
Safety precautions to be observed in giving nail services
1. Keep all containers covered and labeled.
2. Hold or move containers with dry hands.
3. Handle sharp-pointed implements carefully and avoid dropping them.
4. Dull over sharpened cutting edges of sharp implements with an emery

board.
5. Bevel a sharp nail edge with an emery board.

6. Do not file too deeply into nail corners.
7. Do not use a sharp, pointed implement to cleanse under the nail.
8. Apply an antiseptic immediately if the skin is accidentally cut.
9. Avoid pushing the cuticle back too far.
10. Do not work on a nail when the surrounding skin is inflamed or is infected.
Sanitary rules to be observed in giving nail services
1. Manicuring implements must be cleaned and disinfected after each use.
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2. Place used materials (tissues, cotton, emery board, etc.) into closed containers
or plastic bag attached to manicuring table.
3. Wipe manicuring table with disinfectant; put everything in order.
4. Clean the tops of nail polish bottles with polish remover.
5. Inspect the manicuring table drawer for cleanliness and order.
6. Wash and dry your hands.
Tips and Warnings
Always follow the safety precautions and sanitary rules at all times to
prevent the spread of contagious and infectious diseases which can also be
acquired by using unclean implements.
Lesson 3.3
PROCEDURES OF BASIC MANICURE AND PEDICURE SERVICES
Good manicure enhance one’s hand particularly the fingernails. Come and
discover how to maintain fine-looking nails!
Before you proceed in cleaning nails, it is important to do the following:
 Consult client on desired nail service activity and specific requirements

and consultation record is agreed and signed.
 Check and analyzed client's hand nail structure and condition.
Tips and Warnings
If you found out that there are signs of infection such as swelling,
redness and presence of pus when you examine the finger nails and
toe nails, do not perform nail services, but instead refer that
person to a physician.
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There are different types of manicure applicable for men and women. As a
manicurist, you can also offer or suggest about the types of manicure to your
client.
Types of Manicure
1. Long Manicure – is a standard manicure including hand, finger and arm

massage.
2. Short Manicure – is a standard manicure that does not include hand,

finger and arm massage.
3. Booth Manicure – manicure done under the same physical condition while
the patron is receiving other services
4. Oil or Lanolin Manicure – substitutes hot oil or lanolin in place of water for
the soaking period.
5. Men’s Manicure – a man’s manicure with nails filed round and buffed, or
completed with a clear liquid polish.
Preparation in Manicure and Pedicure Services
1. Prepare manicuring table.

(Follow the manicuring table setup)
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Manicure Table Setup
Source: Milady’s Standard Textbook of Cosmetology
2. Seat client
(Ensure client's safety and comfort during the entire process)
3. Wash your hands.
Equipment, Implements, Cosmetics and Materials Used in Manicuring
• Equipment and Implements – articles in manicuring that are durable

• Cosmetics and Materials – supplies that are consumed and must be replaced
Equipment Used in Pictures Description/Uses

Manicuring
Manicuring table and A manicure table is a
adjustable lamp workstation, of any
variety, at which a
manicurist/nail
technician does her
work.
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Patron’s chair and The adjustable

manicurist’s chair or upholstered seat fitted
stool over a metal or chrome.
Supply tray Used for holding

cosmetics
Finger bowl Used for holding warm

and soapy water
Container For clean absorbent

cotton
Electric heater For heating oil when

giving a hot oil a hot oil
manicure
Wet sanitizer container Wet sanitizer container
Implements Used in Pictures Description/Uses

Manicuring
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Orangewood sticks Wooden manicure sticks

intended for a variety of
uses, such as cleaning
underneath the nails and
removing polish from
around the cuticle and
nails.
Nail file Used for shaping the
free edge of the nails
Cuticle pusher Used to push back or

loosen the cuticle
Cuticle nippers or cuticle Used for trimming the

scissors cuticle
Nail brush Small plastic brush used

to cleanse the hand and
nails of debris
Emery board A wooden, sand paper-

like stick with a fine
texture on one side and
a coarse texture on the
other side used to
gently grind down the
edges of the nails.
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Nail buffer It has two grits on one

side and a smooth, gray
material on the other
side. The smooth side is
used to give a glossy
shine to nails when
polished. The coarse
side is used to
smoothen irregular nail
ridges.
Nail clippers or nail Metal device used to cut
cutter or shorten fingernails
and toenails
Cosmetics Used in Pictures Description/Uses

Manicuring
Base coat Liquid product applied
directly to the nails to
protect these against
stains from the
pigments in colored nail
polishes
Color enamels Applied twice over the
base coat to give
strength and color to the
nail plate
Top coat A liquid product applied

over the color enamels.
This product protects
the polish and
minimizes its chipping
and cracking
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Quick-dry An oil product sprayed

or brushed over the top
coat to quicken the
drying process
Nail polish remover Used to remove old nail

polish on the nail
Nail polish solvent Used to thin out nail

polish when it has
thickened
Cuticle oil Used to soften and

lubricate the skin
around
the nail
Cuticle remover Used to soften the

cuticle
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Nail bleaches Used to remove nail

stains
Nail whiteners Applied under the free

edge to make the tips
look whiter
Massage cream Used to prevent friction

burns during a massage
and to soften and
moisturize the skin
Materials Used in Pictures Description/Uses

Manicuring
Absorbent cotton Used for application of
cosmetics to the nails
Soap Used for finger bath
Warm water Used for finger bath
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Sanitized towel Can be placed under a

client's hand for a soft,
clean surface during
manicures and can be
used as a wiping aid.
Cleansing tissue For use whenever
necessary
Antiseptic Used to avoid infection

when minor injuries to
tissues surrounding the
nails occur
Disinfectant Used for sanitizing

implements, and for
disinfecting the
manicuring table
Spatula Used for removing

creams from jars
A. Setting Up Manicure Table Directions:
Choose a partner and demonstrate how to set up the manicure table
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Procedure in Cleaning Nails
Cleaning (Manicure)
1. Remove old polish using

cotton moistened with nail
polish remover.
2. Shape nails by filing the

nails starting with the little
finger working towards the
thumb from corner to center
to avoid nail splitting
3. Soften cuticle with a cuticle

remover.
4. Loosen cuticle by using the spoon end of the cuticle pusher while
keeping it moist with cuticle remover.
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5. Clean under free edge by

using a cotton-tipped
orangewood stick dipped in
soapy water.
6. Trim cuticle with cuticle nipper

in a single segment
7. Cleanse nails by brushing the fingernails using a downward

movement.
8. Dry hands and nails

thoroughly.
Glittering Ideas
As an added service, a hand massage or arm massage may be

given at this time.
Cleaning (Pedicure)
1. Remove old polish from the nails of both feet
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2. File toenails with a nail file or an

emery board starting from the little
finger, from corner to center to
avoid nail splitting and rounding
them slightly at the corners to
conform to the shape of the toes
3. Soften the cuticle with cuticle

remover.
4. Loosen cuticle by using the spoon end of the

cuticle pusher while keeping it moist with
cuticle remover.
5. Apply cuticle remover to the cuticle

and under the free edge of each
toenail with a cotton-tipped
orangewood stick.
6. Trim cuticle with cuticle nipper in a single

segment.
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7. Cleanse nails by brushing the toenails using

a down ward movement.
8. Dry the feet and nails thoroughly.
B. Classroom-Based Activity in Cleaning Fingernails and Toenails
1. Prepare the necessary equipment, implements, cosmetics and

materials to be used in manicure and pedicure services.
2. Choose a partner and perform cleaning of fingernails and toenails by

following the given steps. Once finished, let your partner perform the
same steps.
3. Evaluate your partner by checking the appropriate boxes

corresponding to the degree of competency in procedure in cleaning
nails.

Very Good
Good
equipment in manicuring
in cleaning fingernails and toenails
TOTAL
Rating Scale:
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C. Arranging Steps Chronologically
Directions: Below are the steps in cleaning fingernails and toenails. Arrange in
sequence the steps by writing numbers (1-8).
A. Cleaning (Manicure)
____1. Dry hands and nails thoroughly.
____2. Clean under free edge by using a cotton-tipped orangewood stick .
____3. Soften cuticle with a cuticle remover.
____4. Trim cuticle with cuticle nipper in a single segment

____5. Remove old polish using cotton moistened with nail polish remover.
____6. Shape nails by filing the nails starting with the little finger working
towards the thumb from corner to center to avoid nail splitting
____7. Loosen cuticle by using the spoon end of the cuticle pusher while
____8. Cleanse nails by brushing the fingernails using a downward movement.
B. Cleaning (Pedicure)
____1. Remove old polish from the nails of both feet
____2. Loosen cuticle by using the spoon end of the cuticle pusher while
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____3. Soften the cuticle with cuticle remover.
____4. Dry the feet and nails thoroughly.
____5. File toenails with a nail file or an emery board starting from the little
finger, from corner to center to avoid nail splitting and rounding them
slightly at the corners to conform to the shape of the toes
____6. Trim cuticle with cuticle nipper in a single segment.
____7. Cleanse nails by brushing the toenails using a down ward movement.
____8. Apply cuticle remover to the cuticle and under the free edge of each
toenail with a cotton-tipped orangewood stick.
LO2. Perform Basic Nail Designs
1. Examine the appropriate basic nail designs of the clients
2. Consider the client’s desire on a particular designs
3. Follow the steps in performing basic nail designs
Lesson 3.4
APPLICATION OF BASIC NAIL DESIGNS
After cleaning the finger nails and toenails including hand and arm massage,
you may now start applying the chosen design on the nails. Let us find out first
your idea about the different nail designs by doing the Windowpane Activity.
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Windowpane Activity
Windowpaning is the process of transferring key elements, points, or steps in

a lesson into visual images that are hand sketched into the squares or “panes”.
Let your mind think in pictures and sketch the essential concepts printed in each
of the following windowpanes. Don’t be concerned with your artistic ability. Any
kind of drawing will do to depict the concepts requested. Draw it in your
notebook.
Plain manicure Halfmoon nail Halfmoon with tip

design
French Manicure 1
French Manicure 2 Elephant Tusk
Basic Nail Designs
A. Plain
Manicure
It is the traditional application of nail polish to the entire nail plate.
1. Apply base coat.
 Select color of the nail polish according to the customer’s

requirements
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 Apply the base coat with long strokes.

 Start with the little finger and working toward the thumb. 
Allow it to dry
2. Apply liquid polish.
 Apply the polish lightly and quickly, using sweeping strokes from
the base to the free edge of the nail.
 Apply polish down at the center of the nail, to the right and left
side of the nail
 Repeat second coat of polish to both hands.

 Dip a cotton-tipped orangewood stick into nail polish remover.
 Apply it carefully around the cuticles and nail edges.

 Apply a top or seal coat with long strokes in the same manner as
the base coat.
B. Half-Moon
Half moon is a style that involves applying of nail polish

over the whole nail plate except the area of lunula.
1. Apply platinum twice on the nail. Allow it to dry.
2. Apply color enamel from one side to the other side following the
shape of the lunula. Repeat the application of color enamel if
necessary.
3. Remove excess polish
4. Apply top coat.
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C. Half-Moon
with Tip
It involves the application of colored polish over the whole nail plate except the
area of lunula and tip of the nail.
1. Apply platinum twice on the nail. Allow it to dry.
2. Apply color enamel from one side to the other side following the shape
of the lunula and the free edge. The edge should be seen.
3. Repeat the application of color enamel if necessary.
5. Apply top coat.
D. French
Manicure or
Tip Design
Variation 1
It is a design which involves the application of colored polish
over the whole part of the nail except the area of the freeedge.
1. Apply base coat (platinum) twice. Allow it to dry.
2. Apply color enamel from one side to the other following the shape of
the tip or free edge.
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3. Fill up other parts of the nail with color enamel in the same way tip was
done. Repeat the application of color enamel if necessary.
5. Apply top coat..
French Manicure or Tip Design
Variation 2
It involves the application of white nail polish or
colored polish on the tips and coating the rest of
the nail with a sheer polish . It’s suitable for short
nails and those with moderate length of
nails.
1. Apply base coat (platinum) twice. Allow it to dry
2. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail.
3. Apply white or color enamel following the shape of the free edge. Apply second
coating, if necessary.
5. Apply top coat
E. Elephant Tusk
Elephant tusk is a style that involves the application of nail polish

to create S curve, leaving a slightly larger gap along the nail
walls.
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1. Apply platinum twice. Allow it to dry.
2. Make the half circle design at the inner side of the nail.
3. Shape the other side, following an S-like.
4. Fill the other side to complete the design. Repeat the application of color
enamel if necessary.
6. Apply top coat.

Glittering Ideas
If the polish is thick, add a little nail polish solvent and shake well.
It is much better to use dark color of nail polish when designing to

make the designs more visible.
P rocess
Basic Designs in Spoon
25 sundae spoon or stirrer which resembles the shape of the

nail
Nail polishes (base coat, color enamel and top coat)
Nail polish remover
Illustration board
123
2. Use plastic spoons or stirrers to make 5 basic nail designs.
3. Mount them on an illustration board and label.
A. Classroom Based Activity in Plain Manicure
Things you’ll need
124
Accessories/Tools/ Equipment Supplies/Materials
• Manicuring table • Hand towel
• Client’s chair • Apron
• Manicurist chart or stoll • Antiseptic solution
• Supply tray • Cotton
• Finger bowl • Assorted nail polish
• Container for cotton • Alcohol
• Wet sanitizer • Slippers
• Orangewood stick • Manicure pillow
• Nail file (not metal) • Disinfectant
• Cuticle pusher • Foot lotion
• Cuticle nipper • Nail hardener
• Nail brush • Cuticle oil
• Trolley • Cuticle remover
• Nail cutter (small) • Toe nail separator
• Nail cutter (big) • Nail polish solvent
• Nail buffer • Base coat
• Top coat
1. Students will be grouped with 6 members in

each group. Each student must be able to
do the activity to five (5) students who
belong to their group.
2. Perform the steps in Plain Manicure 3.

Refer to the given Rubric for Performance.
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Checklist in Manicuring
Name:________________ Date:_____________
Model:________________ Points Earned: _____
Rating: ___________
Put a check mark(/) in the proper column

Performance Criteria
1 Point 0 Point
A. Preparation
1. Correct set-up of manicure table
2. Model’s hands, nail structure, and condition are
checked and analyzed.
3. Model's clothes are protected by light cloth materials
for hygienic purposes
4. Needed tools and equipment are sanitized and
supplies and materials are properly prepared and
well-organized
B. Procedure and Techniques

1. Nail polish uses completely removed with nail polish
remover.
2. Cuticles and dry skin were slightly pushed and
completely removed using appropriate tools.
3. Nails were trimmed and filed properly according to the
model's desired shape and style.
4. Hands and fingernails were massaged following the
different hand manipulation techniques.
C. Performance Criteria
1. Base coat was applied with long strokes starting with
the little finger.
2. Color of the nail polish was chosen and agreed
according to customer's desire and wants.
3. Polish coat was applied evenly.
4. Excess polish was removed using appropriate tools
and nail polish remover.
D. Appearance
1. Proportion was observed in rendering the design.
2. Appearance of hands and nails was enhanced.
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E. Work Habits
1. Working area was cleaned.
2. Implements were cleaned and sanitized, other
materials were returned to their designated
cabinets.
3. Service given to model was recorded in his/her
record book.
4. Provide complete and accurate record of services
rendered.
F. Speed
1. Manicure service was finished within the allotted
time.
TOTAL POINTS
RATING SCALE
Points Rating Descriptive Rating Remarks
17-20 98 Excellent Was able to skillfully and
accurately perform all the tasks
with ease and confidence.
13-16 91 Very Satisfactory
Was able to perform most of the
tasks with ease and confidence.
8-12 84 Moderately Was able to perform most of the

Satisfactory tasks but has problems with
sequencing, showed slight
nervousness during the
performance.
3-7 77 Satisfactory
Was able to perform but
showed inefficiency in providing
the service required.
0-2 70 Needs Improvement

Was not able to finish the
service required.
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128
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Completion Statements: Open-Ended
Directions: Below are open-ended statements. Complete the statement based

on your perception, opinion and concepts in basic nail designs.
Topic: Basic Nail Designs
Before, I thought that__________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
But now, ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
I can
___________________________________________________________
Transfer
A. Classroom Based Activity in Applying Basic Nail Designs

(Halfmoon, Halfmoon with Tip, French Tip and Elephant Tusk Nail
Designs)
1. Students will be grouped with 6 members in each group. Each student must
be able to do the activity to five (5) students who belong to their group.
2. Perform the steps in Basic Nail Designs.
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Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
materials and
materials
20%
time time
time with project
minimum
supervision
some
safety
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
Rating Scale

Perfect score (5)
Example:
4 x 30% = 1.2 =4.5 x 30 + 70 = 97
3 x 10% =0.3 5
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Project Plan
Project Plan No.:

Date Performed / Begun:
Date Finished:
Total Hours / Minutes Spent:
I. Name of the Project / Activity:___________________________
II. Objectives / Purposes:

1. _______________________________________________
2. ________ _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
III. Bill of Materials:

Qty. Unit Description of Materials/Supplies Unit Total
Cost Cost
Cost of Materials/Supplies Php ______
IV. Tools and Equipment Needed:

1.______________________
2.______________________
V. Safety Precautions:
VI. Tasks/Procedures Involved in the Activity:

1. ____________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________
VII. Sketch / Drawing:
VIII. Cost of Production: (Bill of Materials + Cost of Service)
IX. Evaluation by the Teacher using Criteria/Rubrics
X. Remarks:
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B. Classroom Based Activity in Basic Nail Designs (Halfmoon,

Halfmoon with Tip, French Tip and Elephant Tusk Nail Designs)
1. Choose a partner and perform five (5) basic nail designs. Once finished, let
your partner performs the same process.
2. Evaluate your partner according to the degree of your competency in basic

nail designs.
Criteria for Judging Points Score

General Appearance
Color combinations of nail polish are
evident
• Nail designs are artistically applied 35
• Proportion of the different Nail
designs are observed
• Smooth
• Neat and free from excess product
Workmanship
• Nail polish are evenly applied 35
• Neatness in work are observed
Speed
Finished on the required time 20
Cleanliness
Work area is cleaned 10
TOTAL 100
Rating Scale:
95 – 100 – Outstanding
85 – 94 – Very Satisfactory
75 – 84 –Satisfactory
65 – 74 – Needs Improvement
C. Home Activity in Basic Nail Designs
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1. Go around your neighbors and friends. Look for at least (5) patrons.
Apply 5 basic nail designs.
2. Refer to Rubric of Performance below.

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
materials and
materials
20%
time time
40%
minimum
supervision
some
safety
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
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D. Culminating Activity - Putting up a mini-parlor (optional)

lessons learned from manicure and pedicure will be showcased by putting-up a
mini-parlor in the school. Students will be guided by their teacher in planning,
implementing, and assessing the said activity.

Use this anytime you're going to have your manicure service.
Name of Student:_____________________
Time Manicure Amount of Signature
and Names of Client Service

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
materials and
materials
20% all the time most of the some of the
time time
135

40% highly
minimum
supervision
some
safety
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
Suggested Activities in Quarter 3 – Perform Manicure

and Pedicure
Games
Role playing
Portfolio assessment
Field trip (in the salon)
Powerpoint presentation on how to use the different
implements in manicuring
POST TEST

Directions: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. One of the safety precautions to be observed in giving nail services are the
following except,
136
a) Keep all containers covered and labeled

b) Use a sharp, pointed implement to cleanse under the nail.
c) Handle sharp-pointed implements carefully and avoid dropping
them.
d) Hold or move containers with dry hands
2. Safety measures to observe when cleaning the nail.

a) Do not file too deeply into nail corners
b) File too deeply into the nail corners
c) Never touch the nail corner
d) Touch the nail corners
3. This is applied immediately when the skin is accidentally cut.

a) Hand lotion
b) Disinfectant
c) Detergent
d) Antiseptic
4. One Important step to observe in cleaning the nails.

a) Avoid excessive friction in nail buffing.
b) Exert too much pressure at the back of the nail
c) Push the cuticle too far
d) File the nail too deeply into nail corners
5. If you noticed to your client that there are signs of infection such as pain,
swelling, redness and presence of pus, you must
a) Refer him/her to a physician.
b) Treat it yourself
c) Call an ambulance
d) Give services still
6. What to use in cleaning the under free edge of the nail.

a) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in soapy water
b) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in zonrox
c) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in hydrogen pyroxide
d) Cotton-tipped orangewood stick dipped in lukewarm water

a) Any direction
137
b) Upward movement
c) Sideward movement
d) Downward movement
8. After the cleaning of finger nails and toenails and the added services such
as massage, you can now
b) Allow your client to make the finger nails and toe nails look more
attractive
b) Allow your client to develop skill in manicure and pedicure
c) Allow your client to disregard the cleaning done
d) Allow your client to apply design in his/her finger nails and toe nails
9. An efficient manicurist knows how to;

e) Produce unsatisfied costumer
f) Produce undesirable service
g) Produce desired effect without waste of time and energy
h) Produce same nail designs all the time
10. The application of top coat is applied ____.

a) After color enamel
b) Before color enamel
c) After seal coat
d) Right after the color enamel is applied not considering if it is still wet
11. A cosmetic use to prevent stains against colored nail polish is called as___.
a) Color enamel
b) Base coat
c) Quick dry
d) Cuticle oil
12. A cosmetic use to give color to the nail body or nail plate.
a) Color enamel
b) Base coat
c) Quick dry
d) Cuticle oil
Test II: Arrange the Steps Chronologically
138
Directions: Arrange the steps in cleaning nails in proper order by writing letters
A-H on the space provided for before each number.
_____1. Trim cuticle

_____2. Remove old polish
_____3. Loosen cuticle
_____4. Cleanse nails
_____5. Shape nails
_____6. Soften cuticle
_____7. Clean under free edge
_____8. Dry hands and nails thoroughly
***
Quarter 4
Lesson 4
CREATE FANCY NAIL DESIGNS
139
After acquiring the skills in applying basic designs in manicure, it is now

time for you to learn the latest trend and fashion when it comes to nail designing
and that is to make fancy designs also called nail art designs. From easy to
complicated nail, designs can be done in fancy designs. The latest improvement
when it comes to nail designing are the use of different accessories, nail art
stickers, nail art stamping and water marbling. There are also varied nail
designing tool available in the market which can be helpful in creating fancy
nail designs.
PRE- TEST
Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your quiz notebook.
1. It is a new nail-imprinting kit that allows you to put designs by stamping

pre-designed images on your nails
a) Nail stickers
140
b) Nail stamper
c) Nail polish
d) Nail file
a) Scraper
b) Glitters
c) Beads
d) Rhinestones
3. The technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into clean water

creating a pattern or design of the resulting art on the surface; which is
then transferred to your nails. a) Water stamping
b) Water sticking
c) Water designing
d) Water marbling
4. It is applied to the nail plate to prevent discoloration

a) Base coat
b) Color enamel
c) Top coat
d) Nail bleach
5. The following are the tools used in nail designing, which tool is used to
create a simple flower? a) Nail stripers
b) Nail stickers
c) Nail scraper
d) Nail dotters
6. It is applied over the base coat
a) Base coat
b) Color enamel
c) Top coat
d) Nail whitener
7. What will you use as a nail dotter if it is not available?

a) Bobby pin
b) Nail cutter
c) Comb
d) Nail clipper
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a) Nail striper
b) Nail scraper
c) Nail brush
d) Nail polish
9. This can also be used in nail designing to create super neat straight lines
a) Ruler
b) Pencil
c) Scotch tape
d) Water color
10. It protects the polish against chipping or cracking

a) Base coat
b) Color enamel
c) Top coat
d) Cuticle coat
Test II. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Supply the missing word to make the statement complete. Choose
the best answer from the loop word below.
designing base colors
deformed clean manufacturer
accessories flower ice
pressure dried directions
1 – 2 Dried _________is one of the examples of nail ____________.
3 – 4 It is advisable to start with the __________coat before doing the nail

_________.
5 – 6 Be careful not to use too much _______ that may cause the dots to
142
look______.
7 The nails must be ________ first before starting the nail stamping.
8 Apply nail products according to recommendation of the ___________.
9. Always start with ______, dry nails.
10. In water marbling, you have to keep adding drops, alternating ________
until you have a bulls eye shape.
***
Know

concepts in creating Fancy Nail Designs. Readings and enhancement
activities are provided to serve as a guide for you. So keep going!
Learning Outcome 1 - Perform different fancy designs on finger nails

and toe nails
Objectives
1. Prepare nails for cleaning
2. Observe safety and sanitation at all times
3. Apply fancy designs on fingernails and toenails

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Lesson 4.1
TYPES OF FANCY NAIL DESIGNS
What is Nail Art?
Nail art is the practice of painting decorative designs on the nails.
Nail art is a creative activity that draws pictures or designs to your nail.
These days, fingernails and toenails are seen by some as important points of
beauty. Also, it is a type of fashion activity, related to manicuring.
Free Hand Designing is also considered as nail art since you will create your
own design by just using an ordinary nail polish and common household tools.
Creativity and resourcefulness are the key in making nail art design.
There are commercial shops (nail bars) where nails are worked on to
make them attractive. The main product is acrylic nails with ready-made designs
which can be stuck on top of the natural nails
The nail art kit includes special brushes, strippers, marbling tools and
different pattern pins for making the designs. Nail art pens are the ideal tools for
drawing and are specifically designed to paint fine strokes, dots or patterns on
the nail surface.
Preparation:
• Prepare nails for cleaning
• Apply nail products according to manufacturer’s recommendation
• Consult client from time to time to ensure safety and comfort during
the entire process
Types of Fancy Nail Designs
1. Use of Nail Art Stickers

2. Use of Nail Art Stamping
3. Use of Nail Accessories
4. Water Marbling
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A. Nail art stickers
A wide variety of stickers are out there to choose

from. There are stunning designs, styles, and
different sizes suitable for all types of nails. The
latest model stickers are made up of durable
rubber, providing the best sticky backing. The
stickers include black and white, colorful, French manicure, glitter and metallic,
random, little finger, rhinestone, and seasonal
stickers.
Samples of nail art stickers
1. Nail file
2. Cuticle pusher
3. Small scissors
4. Set of nail stickers
Steps on how to use nail art stickers
1. Start with clean, dry nails. They should be completely bare of polish.
Push back cuticles gently, too.
2. Most nail stickers on the market are pre-cut to match common nail
shapes, but it’s always good to have small scissors handy just in case
145
any decal is too large or slightly off shape. Often sets come with more
than 10 stickers per set, so you should find one that fits each nail
pretty well (and have extras in case you tear one!)
3. For a perfect match, before you remove the backing, pre-measure the
nail sticker on top of your nail. Go larger if you’re in doubt, because
you can always trim excess. If necessary, pre-trim a decal before you
stick it on—once it is applied, it will be more difficult to get a clean
cut.
4. Press on your nail sticker close to the cuticle and smooth it out toward
the end.
5. In case of extra sticker beyond the free edge of the nail, use your file
downward along tip of nail to remove the extra, taking care not to file
on top of sticker. If you accidentally file too much you will see your
nail showing through at the tip, do not take sticker off. For an easy fix,
just add a little polish in a shade that matches sticker, right along the
edge as needed.
6. The final trick to keeping stickers put is to push and pull your thumb
down onto each nail, from cuticle to tip. The heat generated from the
"ironing" .
7. Depending on the directions listed on your stickers, you'll either peel

them off or remove with regular polish remover.
B. Nail Art Stamping
146
Nail Art Stamping is a new nail-imprinting kit that

lets you put designs by stamping pre-designed
images on your nails in minutes and there are
hundreds of image plates to choose from.
image plate
stamper scraper
Samples in Nail Art Stamping
Procedure in Nail Art Stamping
1. Start with a dry base color.
2. Paint a thick layer across the pattern you want.
147
3. Pull your scraper firmly across so the polish left is

the pattern only
4. Firmly press your stamper in a rolling motion

across the plate to pick up the polish.
5. Line up the edge of the pattern and your nail.
6. Press the design across your nail in a rolling left to

the right motion.
7. Clean up your cuticles and finish with top coat when dry.
A. Make your Own
Directions: Create an improvised image Template to

be used in Nail Art Stamping.
Things you’ll need: Plastic sliding folder

Pair of scissors or cutter
148
Pencil
C. Nail accessories
These are nail art items such as glitters, beads, rhinestones and gems, even dried
flowers and etc. which can be used to decorate the nails.
D. Water Marbling
Water marble nail means nail decorations created by the method of water
marble nail art technique. The technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into
clear water creating a pattern or design of the resulting art on the surface; which
is then transferred to your nails.
Samples in Water Marbling
Orangewood stick or toothpick
shot glass or cup (the smaller the circumference, the less polish you end
up wasting)
water
nail polish (varied colors)

149
baby oil
tape (optional, but it helps with the clean up)
Tips and Warnings
Make sure to clean your fingernails and apply base coat (white or platinum)
before you proceed with the water marbling technique.
Procedure in Water Marbling
1. Start with a bowl of room temperature water with 3 drops

of baby oil for every selected color of nail polish.
2. Add a drop of polish from a low height, you will see how it
spreads out.
3. Keep adding drops, alternating colors, until you have a

bulls eye shape.
4. Using a toothpick, pull from the center outward, but don’t

touch the outer ring until it is fully dried.
5. Keep pulling the polish until you make a design you like.
150
6. Cover your finger in oil and place it directly above

the part you like and submerge it.
7. Pull away the excess polish by wrapping it around

the toothpick.
8. Quickly remove your finger from the water and

lightly blow away any droplets left on the nail.
9. Let dry and finish with top coat.
Learning the idea about the modern nail art

designs such as use of nail stickers, nail art stamping,
water marbling and use of nail accessories, you are
now ready to perform nail art designing.
B. Classroom Based Activity in Water Marbling
Directions:
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1. Prepare the needed tools, cosmetics and materials to be used in

water marbling.
2. Practice how to create designs in the water using different color

of nail polish by following the given steps.
Note: Before creating fancy nail designs, you must have the basic nail art tools
to create the designs that you want. Common household tools, such as cheese-
cloth, paper towels, tape, needles and pencils, toothpicks, straws, and stamps
can also be used in doing nail art designs.
Lesson 4.2
NAIL DESIGNING TOOLS
Basic Nail Art Tools
Basic nail art tools that you need to create fancy nail designs:
1. Nail polishes
1.1 Base coat

- A liquid product applied to the nail plate before
applying the liquid nail polish or color enamel to
prevent discoloration.
- Allow your nail polish to glide on smoothly
- White or platinum base coat can be used
152
1.2 Nail polish or color enamel
- Apply to give color to the nail

- Apply twice over the base coat
1.3 Top coat
- Apply last over liquid nail polish

- Protects the polish against chipping or cracking
- Apply to ensure that a manicure will last
2. Nail dotters
-This is used to create dot and circle patterns (example

is create simple polka dot designs)
-They come in a variety of sizes to choose from

depending on the size of the dots you want to create.
Tips and Warnings
Be careful not to use too much pressure that may cause the dots to
look deformed. Remember to clean them after use and dry
thoroughly. These tools are made of metal and susceptible to
rusting.
Glittering Ideas
If you don’t have nail dotters, you can use bobby pins.
Just bend them out straight, and use the round tips at the end like
normal dotters.
3. Nail stripers
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-These are nail polishes that come with a long, thin

brush rather than the usual flat and broad ones.
-It is used for painting lines and adding random flicks of

color.
Glittering Ideas
If you don’t want to buy a new polish every time you want to try another
color, you could alternatively get a nail striper brush. You can use water-based
nail paint which makes the nail striper brush easier to clean. If you’ve used nail
4. Stationery tape polish, use acetone, some soap
water and a paper towel to clean
your brush.
-This tape can be used in creating

super neat straight lines and stripes.
Any sort of normal scotch tape is fine, but you can experiment and see which
one gives the best results. They’re great for creating neat lines and geometric
shapes. Just cut the tape into the desired strip/shape, paste it onto your nail and
paint over.
Tips and Warnings
Always make sure that base coat is thoroughly dry. Cut the tape before
you start painting your nails so you avoid smudging
Use tweezers to remove the tape to prevent accidentally messing up your

nails.
If you mess up, you don’t have to start from scratch again. Use a nail art
brush and touch up where necessary.
-A good set of nail art brushes are very essential tools when doing a nail art.
- The main types of brushes for nail art:
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5. Nail Art Brushes fan-shaped brushes

flat brushes flat
angled brushes
thin brushes (for detail) and long stripers
Completion
- Client is advised on after-nail-care service and nail maintenance practices.
- Dispose waste properly according to waste environment and safety regulations.
- Clean and sanitize work station in accordance with OHS requirements.
Identification
Directions: Identify what is asked in the following statements. Write your answer in
your quiz notebook.
1. A new nail-imprinting kit that creates designs by stamping pre-designed

images on your nails.
2. These are items such as glitters, beads, rhinestones and gems, even dried
flowers and etc. which can be used to accessorize the nail.
3. The technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into clean water

transferred to your nails.
4. The cosmetic applied to the nail plate to prevent discoloration.
5. The tool used in nail designing to create a simple flower.
6. The cosmetic applied over the base coat.
7. This can be used if nail dotter is not available.
9. This can be used in nail designing to create super neat straight lines.
155
10. The cosmetic which protects the polish against chipping or cracking.
Process
Steps in creating fancy nail designs
Write the steps in creating fancy nail designs based from your understanding.
ESSAY
Express your ideas by answering the following questions:
1. What are the materials/implements/cosmetics you’ll need if you want to do

the water marbling and nail art stamping?
2. What are the uses of those things you have cited in number 1?
Transfer
A. Classroom Based Activity in Nail Stamping
1. Prepare the needed things in nail stamping.
2. Make your own template or design in plastic sliding folder.
156
3. Choose your partner and create a fancy design using nail art stamping. Once
finished, let your partner performs the same.
4. Let your partner evaluate your performance according to the degree of your
competency in creating fancy nail design (nail stamping) using the criteria for
judging below.

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
and use of and use of materials and
and materials
materials
20% all the time equipment equipment
time time
40%
minimum
supervision
some
safety
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
Rating Scale

157
Perfect score (5)
Example:
4 x 30% = 1.2 =4.5 x 30 + 70 = 97
3 x 10% =0.3 5
B. Classroom Based Activity in Water Marbling
1. Practice how to make water marbling design in a small spoon.
2. Prepare the things you need: Orangewood stick or toothpick shot glass
or cup water nail polish baby oil
tape (optional)
3. Ask your teacher to give feedback on your output.
C. Classroom Based Activity
1. Choose 3 of your classmates and apply the steps in creating fancy nail designs.
a. Use of nail art accessories
b. Use of nail art stamping
c. Water marbling
2. Let your classmates evaluate your performance according to the rubrics of

performance.

General Appearance
158
Color combinations of nail polish

are evident

• Smooth
Workmanship
Speed
Cleanliness
TOTAL 100
Rating Scale:
75 – 84 –Satisfactory
65 – 74 – Needs Improvement
159
160
D. Classroom Based Activity in Freehand Nail Art Designs
1. Prepare the needed tools, materials and cosmetics in nail art designing.
2. Choose 5 of your classmates and create different freehand nail art design.
3. Use the Rubric of Performance below.

General Appearance
Color combinations of nail polish are
evident
• Smooth
Workmanship
Speed
Cleanliness
TOTAL 100
Rating Scale:
75 – 84 –Satisfactory 65 – 74 –
Needs Improvement
161
E. Culminating Activity - Putting up a mini-parlor (optional)

lessons learned from Nail Care will be showcased by putting-up a mini-parlor in
the school. Students will be guided by their teacher in planning, implementing,
and assessing the said activity.
Directions: Below is an example of an Accomplishment Report Card. Use this

anytime you're going to have your manicure service.
Name of Student:_____________________
Time Manicure Amount of Signature
and Names of Client Service
Rubric for Performance ( Hand Spa, Foot Spa, Manicure/Pedicure)

Skilled Skilled
5 4 3 2 1
materials and
materials
20%
time time
162

40% highly
minimum
supervision
some
safety
precautions
precautions time
at all times
time deadline
10%
Rating Scale

Perfect score (5)
Example:
4 x 30% = 1.2 =4.5 x 30 + 70 = 97
3 x 10% =0.3 5
POST TEST
163
Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your quiz notebook.
designed images on your nails
a) Nail stickers
b) Nail stamper
c) Nail polish
d) Nail file
a) Scraper
b) Glitters
c) Beads
d) Rhinestones
3. The technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into clean water creating a
pattern or design of the resulting art on the surface; which is then transferred to
your nails. a) Water stamping
b) Water sticking
c) Water designing
d) Water marbling
4. It is applied to the nail plate to prevent discoloration

a) Base coat
b) Color enamel
c) Top coat
d) Nail bleach
5. The following are the tools used in nail designing, which tool is used to create a
simple flower? a) Nail stripers
b) Nail stickers
c) Nail scraper
d) Nail dotters
164
6. It is applied over the base coat

a) Base coat
b) Color enamel
c) Top coat
d) Nail whitener
7. What will you use as a nail dotter if it is not available?

a) Bobby pin
b) Nail cutter
c) Comb
d) Nail clipper
8. These are nail polishes that come with a long, thin brush rather than the usual
flat and broad ones.
a) Nail striper
b) Nail scraper
c) Nail brush
d) Nail polish
9. This can also be used in nail designing to create super neat straight lines
a) Ruler
b) Pencil
c) Scotch tape
d) Water color
10. It protects the polish against chipping or cracking

a) Base coat
b) Color enamel
c) Top coat
d) Cuticle coat
Test II. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Supply the missing word to make the statement complete. Choose
the best answer from the loop word below.
designing base colors
165
deformed clean manufacturer
accessories flower ice
pressure dried directions
1 – 2 Dried _________is one of the examples of nail ____________.
4 – 4 It is advisable to start with the __________coat before doing the nail

_________.
5 – 6 Be careful not to use too much _______ that may cause the dots to
look______.
7 The nails must be ________ first before starting the nail stamping.
8 Apply nail products according to recommendation of the ___________.
9. Always start with ______, dry nails.
10. In water marbling, you have to keep adding drops, alternating ________
until you have a bulls eye shape.
***
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
your quiz notebook.


a) Hangnails c) Bruised Nails
166
b) Bitten Nails d) Split Nails

a) Onconail c) Onycholysis
b) Onyx d) Onyxil

a) Pus c) Bacteria
b) Fungus d) Yeast
5. The plastic liners that increase heat retention when used with paraffin.
disease.
8. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail


a) Nail Walls c) Hyponychium
b) Eponychium d) Nail Grooves
11. Any substance or chemical used to destroy bacteria.

a) Antiseptic c) Contaminant
b) Disinfectant d) Contamination
167
12. A Japanese term which means that tools, equipment, and materials must
be systematically arranged and organized.
a) Seiri c) Seiso
b) Seiton d) Seiketsu
13. This is immediately applied when the skin is accidentally cut.

a) Hand lotion c) Detergent
b) Disinfectant d) Antiseptic
14. If you notice signs of infection such as pain, swelling, redness, and pus,
you must refer your client to a ______.
a) Physician c) Manicurist
b) Nail technician d) Manager

a) Any direction c) Sideward movement
b) Upward movement d) Downward movement
16. A top coat is applied

a) After color enamel c) After seal coat
b) Before color enamel d) Before base coat
17. A cosmetic which is used to prevent stains against colored nail polish
a) Color enamel c) Quick dry
18. This is used to give color to nail body or nail plate.

a) Liquid polish c) Quick dry
designed images on your nails.
a) Nail stickers c) Nail polish
b) Nail stamper d) Nail file
a) Scraper c) Beads
b) Glitters d) Rhinestones
168
21. This technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into clean water creating a
pattern or design of the resulting art on the surface; which is then transferred to
your nails.
a) Water stamping c) Water designing
b) Water sticking d) Water marbling
22. Among the tools used in nail designing, which tool is used to create a simple
flower?
a) Nail stripers c) Nail dotters
b) Nail stickers d) Nail scraper
23. These are nail polishes that come with a long, thin brush rather than the usual flat
and broad ones.
a) Nail scraper c) Nail brush
b) Nail striper d) Nail polish
24. It protects the polish against chipping or cracking.

a) Base coat c) Top coat
b) Color enamel d) Cuticle coat
25. Bea will create fancy nail design as her class requirement. What preparation will
she perform before applying it?
a) Basic cleaning c) Basic designing
b) Basic brushing d) Basic trimming
Test II Matching Type
Directions: Match the definition of terms in Column A with the appropriate term
in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your quiz notebook.
A. Nail Care Tools, Supplies/Implements and Equipment
Column A Column B
1. A type of volcanic rock used to remove dry and a) Mittens
annoying skin as well as calluses.
b) Nail file
2. A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet
soft, smooth, moisturized and exfoliate c) Cuticle oil
169
3. Slips over plastic liners to increase heat d) Foot scrub

retention when used with paraffin.
e) Pumice stone
4. Large rectangular container used for bathing
and soaking the feet. f) Foot spa basin
5. Used for shaping the free edge of the nails. g) Supply tray
6. Used to soften and lubricate the skin around h) Nail buffer

the nail.
i) Nail clipper
7. Has two grits on one side and a smooth,
gray material on the other side.
8. Used for holding cosmetics.
B. Nail Diseases and/or Disorders
Column A Column B
1. White spot a) Paronychia
2. Loosening of the nail b) Leuconychia
3. Shedding of one or more nails c) Onycholysis
4. An overgrowth of the nail in thickness d) Koilonychia
5. Inflammation of the skin around the nail e) Onychauxis
170
f) Onychoptosis
Test III Arrange the Steps Chronologically
Directions: Arrange the steps in accordance with the different techniques involved in
nail services into its proper order by writing letters A-D / A-H.
A. Plain Manicure
1. Apply liquid polish or color enamel.
4. Apply base coat.
B. Cleaning Nails
1. Trim cuticle.
2. Shape nails.
3. Clean nails.
4. Soften cuticle.
5. Loosen cuticle.
6. Remove old polish.
7. Clean under free edge.
8. Dry hands and nails thoroughly.
***
171
SYNTHESIS
Current trends in education reflect emphasis on the learner who is viewed differently
in terms of intelligence, needs and interest. This Learner’s
Materials has been developed to achieve the best result in terms of learner’s
performance and is fast gaining acceptance in the Philippine schools today.
Though interactive in nature, this Learner’s Materials facilitate how the
learners understand the learning tasks better that the content of each lesson
are sequentially organized and well presented. At the end of the module is the
172
Summative Assessment to measure how far the learners have learned. For
further information and readings, Glossary is reflected.
For these reasons, this effective approach is deemed relevant and
appropriate particularly in Nail Care in attaining the needed skills and fine
workmanship of the learners.
GLOSSARY
Base coat – is a liquid product applied before applying the liquid nail polish or
color enamel
Booth Manicure – is manicure done under the same physical condition while
the patron is receiving other services
Fancy - an image or a fantastic invention created by the mind.
Foot Spa - is the soaking of both feet in a bubbling foot spa machine followed
by thorough rinsing and brushing. This will help to remove old skin and calluses.
Special ingredients are mixed in the bubbling foot spa machine. After drying the
feet, the massage will follow straight away.
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Long Manicure – is a standard manicure including hand, finger and arm

massage
Marble- a nail art pattern which looks like marble
Men’s Manicure – is a man’s manicure with nails filed round and buffed, or
completed with a clear liquid polish.
Nail accessories are nail art items such as glitters, beads, rhinestones and
gems, even dried flowers and etc. which can be used to decorate the nails.
Nail art brushes are good set of nail art brushes are very essential tools when
doing a nail art. The main types of brushes for nail art fan-shaped brushes
Nail art is the practice of painting decorative designs on the nails.
Nail art stamping is a new nail-imprinting kit that lets you put designs by
stamping pre-designed images on your nails in minutes and there are hundreds
of image plates to choose from.
Nail art stickers are made up of durable rubber, providing the best sticky
backing which includes black and white, colorful, French manicure, glitter and
metallic, random, little finger, rhinestone, and seasonal stickers.
Nail dotters - used to create dot and circle patterns. They come in a variety of
sizes to choose from depending on the size of the dots you want to create.
Nail polish or color enamel is applied to give color to the nail and is applied twice
over the base coat
Nail stripers are nail polishes that come with a long, thin brush rather than the
usual flat and broad ones. It is use for painting lines and adding random flicks
of color.
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to

prevent illness and injury, where you work by recognizing and identifying
hazards and risks.
Oil or Lanolin Manicure – is a substitutes in place of water for the soaking period.
Project Plan - requires detailed and vital documentation to track activity

requirements, functionalities, scheduling and budget. Poor documentation can
174
lead to disastrous results for all projects. Formal and clear project plan establish
detailed project requirements including human and financial resources.
Proper Waste Disposal – refers to the process in keeping waste materials or products
in the proper place to avoid contamination.
Reflexology – is an alternative therapy that involves specific pressure points

on the under side of the feet and hands. Reflexology is ideal after the foot spa.
Short Manicure – is a standard manicure that does not include hand, finger and
arm massage
Spa - is derived from the Latin word Solus per aqua which means health through water.
Stationery tape is used in creating super neat straight lines and stripes. Any
sort of normal scotch tape is fine, but you can experiment and see which give
you the best results. They’re great for creating neat lines and geometric shapes.
Just cut the tape into the desired strip/shape, paste it onto your nail and paint
over.
Thermogenics - are more commonly referred to as "fat burners".
Top coat - applied last over liquid nail polish; protects the polish against
chipping or cracking and applied to ensure that a manicure will last
Water marbling is a nail decorations created by the method of water marble

nail art technique. The technique consists of dropping nail lacquers into clean
water creating a pattern or design of the resulting art on the surface; which is
then transferred to your nails.
175
REFERENCES
Books
Colletti, Anthony B. Cosmetology: The Keystone Guide to Beauty Culture,New

York: Sheridan House Inc.
Histrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Liberal, A.E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial

career. In T. Maghirang, P. Librando, D. Esguerra, & D. Recio (eds.),
Introduction to entrepreneurship (2nd ed.). Quezon City: Small Enterprises
Research and Development Foundation, Inc.
Looser, U. & Schläpfer, B. (2001). The new venture adventure. New York: McKinsen
and Company.
Milady. Milady’s Standard Textbook of Cosmetology (Revised Edition).

Albany New York: Milady Publishing Company, 1994
Zimmerer, T. and Scarborough, N. (2005). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and

Small Business Management. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education
Inc.
176
Module
K to 12 Basic Education Curriclum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning

Module in Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services Exploratory Course
Grade 7 and 8
Internet
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/footspa_disinfection.htm
Stanell, Victoria, (December 6, 2012) HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST NAIL SHAPE
FOR YOU. http://www.beautylish.com/a/vmjxv/best-nail-shape
http://beauty.mashangel.com/nail-art/nail-art-tools-andequipment/#axzz2guztz3Uc.
Retrieved: October 11, 2013 http://beauty.mashangel.com/nail-art/nail-art-tools-
andequipment/#ixzz2h0fBk8sw http://www.konadnailart.com/ http://www.nail-art-
101.com/nail_stamping_tutorial.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_marble_nail
http://www.nail-art-101.com/water_marble_nail_art.html http://nailartlove.net/basic-
nail-art-tools-for-diy-beginners/
Whittemore, Frank (August 16, 2013)

http://www.livestrong.com/article/256674-how-to-use-a-paraffin-
waxmachine/Accessed: October 2, 2013
Mulcahy, James (August 16,

2013)http://www.livestrong.com/article/184495step-by-step-hand-
massage/Retrieved: October 2, 2013
Russel, Jill (July 2, 2013) THE EASIEST AT-HOME MANI: HOW TO APPLY
NAIL STICKERS. http://www.beautylish.com/a/vxyvy/how-to-apply-
nailstickers. Retrieved: October 6, 2013
ANSWER KEY
QUARTER 1
Pretest (pp. 22-24)
Posttest (pp. 66-68)
Multiple Choice
177
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. D
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. A
Review of Lesson 1.1 (p.28)

Labeling
1. Free edge
2. Nail plate/nail body
3. Nail wall
4. Lunula
5. Cuticle
Identification
1. Hyponychium
2. Nail bed
3. Nail root
4. Nail wall
5. Onyx

Matching Type
178
1. F
2. A
3. J
4. B
5. H
6. E
7. D
8. I
9. C
10. G

Identification
1. Plastic basin
2. Antiseptic
3. Body scrub
4. Trolley
5. Mixing bowl
6. Mittens
7. Cling wrap
8. Alcohol
9. Pumice stone
10. Paraffin wax

Arranging Steps Chronologically
1. A
2. D
3. E
4. C
5. F
6. B
7. H
8. I
9. J
10. G
179

Essay
Fair 5 Good 10 pts Very Good 15 pts
pts
Knowledge and Student was able Student was able Student was able
understanding to convey limited to convey a few to convey several
ideas on the topic ideas on the topic ideas on the topic
with little
knowledge with some degree with a good degree
of knowledge of knowledge
Effort Student put little or Student put some Student put full
no effort into this effort into this effort into this
activity. activity. activity.
Rating Scale:
15 pts.=Very Good
10 pts.=Good
5 pts.= Fair
QUARTER 2
Pretest (pp.70-72)
Posttest (pp.95-97)
A. Identification
1. Wash
2. Towel dry
3. Heat
4. Tools
5. Temperature
6. 4 sec
7. 10 to 15 mins
8. Remove
9. Apply
10. Maintenance
B. Multiple Choice
1. B
2. D
180
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. C
Review of Lesson 2.1(p.76)

Identification
1. Foot blush
2. Antiseptic
3. Foot spa stool
4. Pumice stone
5. Foot spa basin
6. Paraffin wax
7. Foot scrub/body scrub
8. Callous remover
9. Towel
10. Foot file

Matching Type
1. D
2. A
3. F
4. E
5. C
6. B

Essay
Fair 5 Good 10 pts Very Good 15 pts
pts
Knowledge and Student was able Student was able Student was able
understanding to convey limited to convey a few to convey several
ideas on the topic ideas on the topic ideas on the topic
with little
knowledge with some degree with a good degree
of knowledge of knowledge
181
Effort Student put little or Student put some Student put full
no effort into this effort into this effort into this
activity. activity. activity.
Rating Scale:
15 pts.=Very Good
10 pts.=Good
5 pts.= Fair
QUARTER 3
Pretest (pp.99-101)
Posttest (pp.137-139)
I. Multiple Choice
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. A
II. Arrange the Steps Chronologically
1. F
2. A
3. D
4. G
5. B
6. C
7. E
8. H
182

1. Pointed
2. Oval
3. Squoval
4. Square
5. round
Review of Lesson 3.3 (P.118)

Arranging the Steps Chronologically
Cleaning (Manicure)
1. 8
2. 5
3. 3
4. 6
5. 1
6. 2
7. 4
8. 7
Cleaning (Pedicure)
1. 1
2. 4
3. 3
4. 8
5. 2
6. 6
7. 7
8. 5
QUARTER 4
Pretest (pp.141-143)
Posttest (pp.165-167)
Multiple Choice
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. A
183
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. C
Fill in the Blanks

1. flower
2. accessories
3. base
4. designing
5. pressure
6. deformed
7. dry
8. manufacturer
9. clean
10. colors
Review of Lesson 4.2(pp.156-157)

Identification
1. Nail stamping
2. Nail accessories
3. Water marbling
4. Base coat
5. Nail dotter
6. Color enamel
7. Bobby pin
8. Nail Stripers
9. Stationery tape/scotch tape
10. Top coat
184
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CONCEPT REVIEW

An entrepreneur is comprehensively defined by Zimmerer &

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

There has been many studies to characterize “the entrepreneurial personality”;

• Opportunity seeking – Entrepreneurs have a good eye for spotting

• Persistence - Entrepreneurs do not easily give up in the face of

• Commitment to work contract - Entrepreneur do their best to satisfy

• Risk-taking - Entrepreneur are known for taking calculated risks and

• Demand for efficiency and quality - Entrepreneur see to it that the

• Goal setting - Entrepreneur knows how to set specific, measurable,

• Information seeking - Entrepreneur update themselves with new

• Persuasion and networking - Entrepreneurs know how to use the right

• Self-confidence - Entrepreneurs have a strong belief in themselves and

Assess your Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies by answering the

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Self-rating Questionnaire

_______29. I take action without wasting time gathering information.

_______ 50. I am as concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am for my

Rating of Statements Score PECs

The Correction Factor is used to provide a more accurate assessment of the

Subtract the following

Correct each PECs score before using the Profile

Corrected Score Sheet

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Profile Sheet

Transfer the corrected PECs score to the profile sheet by marking an

SAMPLE PECs PROFILE

Business Environment and Market

The study of the business environment in a particular location has farreaching

They also include the demography of clients and suppliers, the

Natural & Physical Demography

Natural and Physical Environment. This concerns the physical location

Demography. This pertains to the number of people living in the area,

Changes in the lifestyle, which is brought about by changes in the population

Economy. This pertains to the management of resources and study of

Technology. Technological changes are inventions based on the

At this point, it must be quite clear why an environment scanning of an area

Spotting and Identifying Business Opportunities

Spotting business opportunities is one of the most essential aspects of

The first step in identifying a good business opportunity is to look for

1. Personal hobbies and interests

Screening Business Ideas

Once you have generated a number of business opportunities and ideas,

1. Personality and Personal Preferences

Test I Multiple Choice

1. Any substance that causes contamination

2. The loose skin separated from the cuticle.

3. The technical term for nail.

4. The yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound.

8. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail

9. Visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.

11. Any substance or chemical used to destroy bacteria.

13. This is immediately applied when the skin is accidentally cut.

15. The proper way to brush the nails.

16. A top coat is applied

18. This is used to give color to nail body or nail plate.

24. It protects the polish against chipping or cracking.

b) Basic brushing d) Basic trimming

Test II Matching Type

A. Nail Care Tools, Supplies/Implements and Equipment

3. Slips over plastic liners to increase heat d) Foot scrub

6. Used to soften and lubricate the skin around h) Nail buffer