12th standard Bio-Zoology Practical notes

Name:_______________
Reg.No:______________
Subject:______________
Class:_____Section_____
Date:______Batch______
Session:______Time_____

Identification

Q.No. Topic
I. Experiment
I.
II. Water samples / Marking of Wildlife sanctuary / Mendelian traits
II.
III.A Slide
III. A
IV.B Picture
IV. B
V.C Genetics
V. C

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 1
 Q. No. Ex.No. Content
I Experiments
1. A Fermentation by yeast
2. B Determination of colour and pH in the given water samples
II Photographs/Charts
3. Marking of wildlife sanctuary and National parks in Indian map
A1 Kaziranga National Park
A2 Point Calimere wildlife and Bird Sanctuary
A3 Gir National Park and wildlife Sanctuary
A4 Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
A5 Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park
4. B Human Mendalian traits
5. C ABO blood grouping
III A Slides
6. A1 Human sperm
7. A2 Human ovum
8. A3 Paramecium - Conjugation
9. A4 Entamoeba histolytica
10. A5 Thymus gland – T.S
11. A6 Lymph node – T.S
IV B Pictures
12. B1 Structure of t-RNA
13. B2 Homologous organs
14. B3 Analogous organs
15. B4 Animal cloning –Dolly
16. B5 Human Insulin production – Flowchart
VC Genetics
17. C1 Normal Human Karyotype
18. C2 Autosomal Anomaly – Patau’s Syndrome
19. C3 Sex Chromosomal Anomaly – Turner’s Syndrome
20. C4 X-Linked Disease - Haemophilia
21. C5 Autosomal Disease – Sickle cell anemia

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 2
 Bio-Zoology Practical Question Paper

Time: 1:30 hr Marks: 10

I. Analyse the given samples I, II and III for fermentation process. Write the aim, principle, procedure and
inference of the experiment. (Procedure - 1, Experiment - 1, Result – ½) 2½ marks

II. Analyse the given water samples I, II and III for colour and pH. Tabulate your results and find out which water
is suitable for consumption. (Procedure - 1, Experiment - ½, Result – ½)
(OR)
Mark the location of the given wildlife Sanctuary and National Parks in India map. Add a note on its location
and significance. (Location – 1, Significance – 1)
(OR)
Mention any 4 Mendelian traits in your body and write their phenotype and genotype.
(Phenotype – 1, Genotype – 1) 2marks

III. Identify the given slide ‘A’. Write any two diagnostic features with diagram.
(Diagram – ½, Any two diagnostic features – ½) 1mark

IV. Identify the given picture ‘B’. Write any two comments.
(Identification – ½, Any two comments – ½) 1mark

V. Identify the chromosomal abnormality in ‘C’. Write any two characteristic features.
(OR)
Analyse and identify the genetic disease in pedigree chart given in ‘C’. Answer the given questions.
(Identification – ½, Characteristic features / Answers – ½) 1mark

Total: 7½ mark
Record: 1½ mark
Skil: 1 mark
Maximum marks: 10

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 3
I - Experiments
Exercise No: 1. Fermentation by yeast
Aim: To demonstrate the process of fermentation by yeast.
Requirements:
1.Glucose solution 2.Raw sugar solution 3.Jaggery with salt solution 4.yeast granules
Principle:
Sugar is converted into ethyl alcohol and CO2. It occurs in yeast and bacteria.
Procedure:
1.Take 2 ml of the given samples I, II and III in three clean test tube respectively.
2.Add few granules of of yeast in all the test tubes and plug the tubes with cotton wool.
3.Wait while fermentations take place and note that time taken.
4.Appearance of effervescence in the test tube indicates that fermentations has taken place.
5.Remove the Cotton wool and pass the gas into a test tube containing lime water.
6.The lime water turns milky indicating that the gas evolved during fermentation is carbon dioxide.
S.No. Sample Time taken Inference
1. I Appearance of effervescence quickly Simple sugar present
2. II Appearance of effervescence slowly Complex sugar present
3. II No appearance No fermentation
Result:
Yest has an enzyme which catalyses the fermentation process.
1. To given a sample I is Simple sugar present, it is Fermentation quickly.
2. To given a sample II is Complex sugar present, it is Fermentation slowly.
3. To given a sample III is No Appearance, it is no Fermentation.
II- Water Samples
Exercise No: 2. Determination of colour and pH in the given water samples
Aim: To investigate the colour and pH in the given water samples and determining the quality of water for
consumption.
Requirements:
1.pH paper and colour chart 2.Water samples 3.Dropper 4.Test tubes
Principle:
Solutions with a pH between 0-7 are acidic, pH between 7-14 are basic and pH 7 is considered neutral.
Procedure:
1.Observe and tabulate the colour of the water samples I, II, and III taken in test tube against a white background
2.Tekken three different water solution in separate test tube and label them
3.A piece of pH paper is dipped into the sample and compared with that of the colour in the pH chart.
S.No. Sample Time taken Inference
1. I Colour less (Rain water) 7
2. II Green colour (River water) 6.5
3. II Brown colour (Pond water) 8
Result:
1. To given a sample I is found to be pH 7 is neutral in nature, it is fit for consumption.
2. To given a sample II is found to be pH 6.5 is acidic in nature, it is not suitable for consumption
3. To given a sample III is found to be pH 8 is alkaline nature, it is not suitable for consumption.

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 4
II - Photographs/Charts
Marking of wildlife sanctuary and National parks in Indian map
Exercise No: 3 (A1): Kaziranga National Park
Identification: The given Indian map is identified as Kaziranga National Park.
Location : Nagaon district, Assam
Significance:
1.Kaziranga National Park 430 Square kilometres.
2.More than 2200 Indian one horned rhinoceros in Kaziranga National park.
3.Kaziranga was declared as Tiger Reserve in 2006.
Exercise No: 3 (A2): Point calimere wildlife and bird sanctuary
Identification: The given Indian map is identified as Point calimere wildlife and bird sanctuary.
Location: point calimere – kodiyakarai, Nagapattinam district.
Significance:
It was created for the conservation of near threatened species, Black buck antelop and endemic mammal species
of India.
Exercise No: 3 (A3): Gir National park and wildlife sanctuary
Identification: The given Indian map is identified as Gir National park and wildlife sanctuary.
Location: Gir, Gujarat.
Significance:
1.Gir is the only natural habitat world popular Asiatic lion.
2.It covers total area of 1412 square kilometres.
3.The jackal, striped Hyena and Indian Fox are some of the smaller carnivores found in Gir Forest.
Exercise No: 3 (A4): Periyar wildlife sanctuary
Identification: The given Indian map is identified as Periyar wildlife sanctuary.
Location: Kerala
Significance:
1.Apart from elephants, the other animals to be seen in the Periyar Sanctuary are gaur, world bigs, sambar,
Mouse deer,etc.,
2.There are now an estimated 40 tigers here.
Exercise No: 3 (A5): Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary and national park
Identification: The given Indian map is identified as Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary and national park.
Location: Nilagiri hills, Nilgiri District, Tamilnadu.
Significance:
1.The protected area is home to several endangered and vulnerable species including Indian elephants Bengal
tigers.
2.There are at least 266 species of birds in the sanctuary including critically endangered Indian white rumped
vulture and long billed vulture.
Exercise No: 4 (B): Human Mendalian traits
Traits Possible Your No % Your No %
alleles phenotype genotype
Hair curl Curly (H)
Stright (h) Stright (h) 14 93.3% Recessive (h) 14 93.3%
Tongue Roller (T)
roling Non roller (t) Roller (T) 6 40% Dominant (T) 6 40%
Earlobes Free lobe (F)
Attached (f) Attached (f) 13 86.6% Recessive (f) 13 86.6%
Handedness Right (R)
Left (L) Right (R) 15 100% Dominant (R) 15 100%
Shape of Oval (O)
the face Square (o) Square (o) 9 60% Recessive (o) 9 60%

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 5
Result:
1. Did you have mostly dominant or recessive traits? - Recessive.
2. For which trait were most students dominant? - Right handness (R) 100%.
3. For which trait were most students recessive? - Stright hair (d) 93.3%.
Exercise No: 5 (C): ABO blood grouping
1.Agglutination with Blood
Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
+ - + A+
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be A+ group

2.Agglutination with Blood

Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
+ - - A-
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be A- group

3.Agglutination with Blood

Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
- + + B+
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be B+ group

4.Agglutination with Blood

Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
- + - B-
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be B- group

5.Agglutination with Blood

Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
+ + + AB+
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be AB+ group

6.Agglutination with Blood

Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
+ + - AB-
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be AB- group

7.Agglutination with Blood

Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
- - + O+
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be O+ group

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 6
 8.Agglutination with Blood
Anti A Anti B Anti D Group
- - - O-
(+) Agglutination (-) Non Agglutination
Result: The given blood is found to be O- group
III. A - Slides
Exercise No: 6 (A1): Human sperm
Identification: The given slides is identified as human sperm
Comments:
1.The human sperm is microscopy flagellated and a motile male gamete.
2.The sperm is composed of a head, neck, middle piece and tail.
Exercise No: 7 (A2): Human ovum
Identification: The given slide is identified as human ovum
Comments:
1.human ovum is non cleidoic and a alecithal female gamete.
2.The ovum is surrounded by three covering names vitelline membrane, zona pellucida and Corona radiata.
Exercise No: 8 (A3): Paramecium - Conjugation
Identification: The given slides is identified as Paramecium conjugation
Comments:
1.Conjugation is a form of sexual reproduction, where in two individuals called conjugation.
2.Mutually exchange s nuclear materials and then get separated.
Exercise No: 9 (A4): Entamoeba histolytica
Identification: The given slide is identified as Entamoeba histolytica.
Comments:
1.It is a endoparasitic protozoan.
2.Which causes amoebiasis are amoebic dysentery.
Exercise No: 10 (A5): Thymus gland – T.S
Identification: The given slide is identified as thymus gland - T.S
Comments:
1.Thymus is a primary Limphoid bilobed organ
2. It is located behind the sternum and above the heart.
Exercise No: 11 (A6): Lymph node – T.S
Identification: The given slide is identified as lymph node – T.S
Comments:
1.Lymph node is a small bean shaped structure.
2.Lymph node has three zones: cortex, paracortex and medulla.
IV.B – Pictures
Exercise No: 12 (B1): t-RNA Structure
Identification: The given model is identified as t-RNA Structure.
Comments:
1.t-RNA formerly referred to as soluble RNA
2.It is a type of RNA with clover leaf structure.
Exercise No: 13 (B2): Homologous organs
Identification: The given picture is identified as Homologous organs.
Comments:
1.Structures which are similar in origin but perform different function are called Homologous structure.
2.Example - four Limbs of terrestrial vertebrates birds and bat etc.,

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 7
Exercise No: 14 (B3): Analogous organs
Identification: The given picture is identified as Analogous organs.
Comments:
1.Organism having different structural patterns but the similar function is termed as analogous structure
2.Example - Wings of bird and insect.
Exercise No: 15 (B4): Animal cloning - dolly
Identification: The given picture is identified as Animal cloning – dolly.
Comments:
1.Cloning is the process to produce genetically identical individuals of an organism their naturally or artificially.
2.Dolly was first mammal clone developed by willmott and campbell in 1997.
Exercise No: 16 (B5): Human insulin production
Identification: The given picture is identified as human insulin production.
Comments:
1.Production of insulin by Recombinant DNA technology started in the late 1970s.
2.This techniques involved the Insertion of human insulin gene on the plasmids of E.coli.
V.C – Genetics
Exercise No: 17 (C1): Normal Human Karyotype
Identification: The given picture is identified as Normal Human Karyotype.
Comments:
1.Karyotyping is a technique through which a complete set of chromosomes are separated from here cell and
are arranged in pairs.
2.A diagrammatic representation of chromosomes is called ideogram.
Exercise No: 18 (C2): Autosomal Anomaly - Patau’s syndrome
Identification: The given picture is identified as patau’s syndrome.
Comments:
1.It is one of the autosomal aneuploids formed due to trisomic condition of chromosome 13.
2.It is caused by meiotic non- disjunction of chromosomes.
Exercise No: 19 (C3): Sex Chromosomal Anomaly - Turner’s syndrome
Identification: The given picture is identified as Turner’s syndrome.
Comments:
1. This genetic disorder is due to the loss of an x chromosome resulting in a karyotype of 44+XO =45.
2.It is caused due to meiotic non- disjunction of allosomes.
Exercise No: 20 (C4): X-Linked Disease – Haemophilia
Identification: The given pedigree chart is identified as X-Linked Disease – Haemophilia
Discussion Questions:
1.Observe the given pedigree chart and identify the affected individuals and carriers in the II generation.
Ans: Affected individual is Male and II generation carrier is Female.
2.What is the pattern of inheritance in the given pedigree chart?
Ans: Criss – Cross or Zig – Zag pattern of inheritance.
Exercise No: 21 (C5): Autosomal Disease – Sickle cell anemia
Identification: The given pedigree chart is identified as Autosomal Disease – Sickle cell anemia.
Discussion Questions:
1.Will males and females be equally affected in this type of inheritance? Give reasons.
Ans: It is an autosomal disease so males and females are equally affected.
2.How is sickle cell anemia disease caused?
Ans: Sickle cell anemia is caused by autosomal recessive gene.

*******************************************************************************************

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 8
 Marking of wildlife sanctuary and National parks in Indian map

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 9
 Human Mendalian traits

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 10
 ABO blood grouping

Human sperm Human ovum Paramecium - Conjugation

Entamoeba histolytica Thymus gland – T.S Lymph node – T.S

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 11
 t-RNA Structure Homologous organs

Analogous organs Animal cloning – dolly

Human insulin production

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 12
 Normal Human Karyotype Autosomal Anomaly - Patau’s syndrome

Sex Chromosomal Anomaly - Turner’s syndrome X-Linked Disease – Haemophilia

Autosomal Disease – Sickle cell anemia

*******************************************************************************************

C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 13