Coupled Reaction Processes
Coupled Reaction Processes
are nonspontaneous and usually occur in organisms, because they need to synthesize
complex molecules such as fats, amino acids, and sugars.
describing a reaction that absorbs (heat) energy from its environment.
are spontaneous or favorable chemical reactions wherein the products are at a lower
energy level tan the reactants. In this case, the reactions release more energy than
what was required initially.
describing a reaction that releases energy (heat) into its environment.
Coupled Reaction
Photosynthesis
is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from
sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: The light-dependent reactions;
The light-independent reactions, or Calvin Cycle.
Chlorophyll
is a green substance in producers that traps light energy from the sun, which is then
used to combine carbon dioxide and water into sugars in the process of
photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis, which helps plants get energy
from light.
is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
It absorbs mostly in the blue and to a lesser extent red portions of the electromagnetic
spectrum, hence its intense green color
chlorophyll A is the major pigment used in photosynthesis
Light Reactions
use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis:
the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.
in plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles
called chloroplasts.
Photosystems
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration
Basis for
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
comparison
Overall Equation
Aerobic Respiration
a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen, occurring in a
cell to convert chemical energy into ATPs.
occurs in the presence of oxygen.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
it occurs in the mitochondria of the cytoplasm
38 ATP are produced
carbon dioxide gas and water are the two products
it consists of 3 stages – Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Trans Chain
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Anaerobic Respiration
is a process of cellular respiration where the high energy electron acceptor is neither
oxygen nor pyruvate derivatives.
does not require oxygen
occurs within the cytoplasm of the cell
2 ATP are produced
Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glycolysis 2 2
Krebs Cycle 6 2 2
ETC 10 30
2 4
Total 38 maximums