design strength (LTDS) 25.

00 kn/m angle of slope(β) 50 degree

pullout interaction factor 0.8 height of emabankement: 9 mtr.
sliding interaction 0.7 C(cohesion) = 0 degree
q(surcharge) 20.00Mpa angle of friction 𝜙 = 30 degree
thickness of compaction layer unit weight of soil : 20kn/m^2

target: safe vertical spacing of reinforced layer

concept:
Rv = sum of weight of soil in wedge ADC and load on surcharge DC
N= normal forces on AC = Rv cos(φ)
S= shear force on AC = Rv sin(φ)
Σti = sum of reinforced capacity forces (horizontal) of all layer provide In soil
reinforced force component up the slope = Σ Tcos(φ)
shear resistence of soil = Ntan(φ)
Net shear resistence of soil = N𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜙) + Σ𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙 q(surcharge)
)
D C

Σ𝑇
H
〖 "(90" 〗 ^𝜊−𝜙)
S
(𝜙)
β
𝑁
𝑅𝑣
φ
A

shear force acting down the slope = Rv sin(φ)

𝐹.𝑂.𝑆=(𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒)/(𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒) 𝐹.𝑂.𝑆=(𝑅𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜑)∗tan⁡(𝜑)+Σ𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙)" " )/(𝑅𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜑)

Rv = weight of soil in ADC + surcharge on surface DC

DC = 𝐷𝐶=H(cot(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽))

𝑅𝑣=(0.5Υ𝐻^2(cot(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽)))+𝑞𝐻((cot⁡(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽))

Σ 𝑇𝑖=(𝐹.𝑂.𝑆−1)𝑅𝑣𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜙)

the quantity of reinforced layer should be distributed over the height of the slope such that reinfoced layer
are not over stressed or subjected to pullout failure

force subjected to each reinforced layer = 𝐾𝑎Svz(Y.Z+q)

Ka = lateral earth pressure coffecient in soil

Svz = vertical spacing at depth z
q= surcharge pressure on soil
Y= unit weight of soil

𝐾𝑎=((sin⁡(𝛽−𝜙))/( 〖 sin(𝛽) 〗 ^1.5+sin⁡(𝜙).√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽))

Lw z(height)
Lr
𝛽
𝜙 Le
𝜙
 2Le(Yz+q)tan(𝛿) tan(𝛿) =𝜇𝑡𝑎𝑛∅
pull out resistence = (where as :

2Le(Yz+q)𝜇tan(ϕ)

L= Le+Lr
Le= anchorage length = L-(H-Z)((cot(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽))

Lr= recovered length = (H-Z)((cot(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽))

Lw= folded length=

𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒/(4(𝐶+𝑌𝑍.
tan⁡(𝛿)))
Le≥𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠/(2∗(𝐶+𝑌𝑧.tan⁡(𝛿)) ≥ 1 m.t.r
Le= anchorage length =

Sv=𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠/
vertical spacing = (𝐾𝑎 .𝜎𝑣)
 σv= (Y.Z+q)

L= total length = L=(H-Z)((cot(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽))+𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠/(2∗𝑌

𝑧.tan(𝛿))

q
H=

KaYH KaqH
most critical sliding at bottom most reinforcemet stress diag.

total sliding friction force

P= 0.5KaYH𝐻^2+KaqH

𝑅𝑣=(0.5Υ𝐻^2(cot(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽)))+𝑞𝐻((cot⁡(𝜙)−cot⁡(𝛽))
calculation of Rv=
Σ 𝑇𝑖=(𝐹.𝑂.𝑆−1)𝑅𝑣𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜙)

Rv= 1354.40 kn/m

Σti = 390.98 kn/m

𝐾𝑎=((sin⁡(𝛽−𝜙))/( 〖 sin(𝛽) 〗 ^1.5+sin⁡(𝜙).√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽))

Ka= 0.095

no. of reinforced layer = n=𝛴𝑡𝑖/𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠 = 15.6 ≅ 16 no.

permmisible vertical spacing at different layer

Depth from Max. permmisible provided Le=embeded total length
surface z vertical spacing spacing length
pressure (kpa)
Le≥𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠/(2∗𝑌𝑧.tan⁡(𝛿)) ≥ 1 m.t.r
Sv=𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠/(𝐾𝑎 .𝜎𝑣)
(Y.Z+q)

1.0m 40.0Kpa 6.56 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.08 mtr. 7.89 mtr. top of layer provided extra 0.25 mtr.
2.0m 60.0Kpa 4.37 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 7.00 mtr. near to the surface for from traffic safety
3.0m 80.0Kpa 3.28 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 6.11 mtr. 0.25
4.0m 100.0Kpa 2.62 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 5.21 mtr.
5.0m 120.0Kpa 2.19 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 4.32 mtr.
6.0m 140.0Kpa 1.87 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 3.43 mtr.
7.0m 160.0Kpa 1.64 mtr. 0.75 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 2.54 mtr.
8.0m 180.0Kpa 1.46 mtr. 0.50 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 1.39 mtr.
9.0m 200.0Kpa 1.31 mtr. 0.50 mtr. 1.00 mtr. 0.50 mtr.

as per FHWA guidelines minm. Embeded length beyond rupture surface is 1 mtr.
or
Le>𝑇𝑙𝑡𝑑𝑠/(2∗(𝐶+𝑌𝑧.tan⁡(𝛿)))

folde length Lw = Le/2 > 1 mtr.

Minm. Length of top most layer

check for base sliding : P P=

0.5KaYH𝐻^2+KaqH

P= 94.3 kn/m
shear resistence at interference of soil reinforcement of bottom layer
avg. vertical pressure = 0.5xHxY 90kn/m^2

shear resistence = 0.7xavg. vertical pressure x tan(φ)xheight of critical layer(L value)

= 124.7 kn/m
FOS against sliding 0.756 < 2 NOT OK
(so increase the length of bottom reinforcement to 14 mtr.)

at 14 mtr. = 287.1 kn/m = 0.7xavg. vertical pressure x tan(φ)xheight of critical layer(L value)
FOS against sliding 3.0441697112 > 2 OK

at 16 mtr. Increase 582.0 kn/m

6.1703984632 > 2 OK

check for pullout resistence of top most reinforced layer

Sv = (0.25+(0.25/2) = 0.38 mtr.

vertical pressure at0.25m depth =( 0.25x20)+(20) 25.00kpa

force transferred in to this layer = 0.212X25X0.375 2.0 kn/m

pull out resistance = 2 x0.25x20x0.8xtan30 x 1 5 kn/m

factor of safety pullout failure =4.61880215351701/1.9875= 2.32392561183 > 1.5 OK