Ap Precalculus 2023 Practice Exam 2 MCQ

AP ® Precalculus Exam
SECTION I: Multiple Choice
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
At a Glance Instructions
Section I of this exam contains 40 multiple-choice questions.
Total Time Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No credit will
2 hours be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or
Number of Questions scratch work.
40 Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend
Percent of Total Score too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you
62.5% have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all
Writing Instrument of the multiple-choice questions.
Pencil required Your total score on the multiple-choice section is based only on the number of questions answered
correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions.
Part A
Number of Questions
28
Time
1 hour and 20 minutes
Electronic Device
None allowed
Part B
Number of Questions
12
Time
40 minutes
Electronic Device
Graphing calculator
required
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
PRECALCULUS
SECTION I, Part A
Time—1 hour and 20 minutes
28 Questions
NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. No
credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.
In this exam:
(1) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f ( x ) is a real number.
(2) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.
2 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

1. Consider the functions g and h given by g(x ) = 4 and h
( x ) = 16 x+2. In the xy-plane, what is the
x
(A) −4
(B) −2
(C) 0
(D) 2
2. The function f is given by f( x ) = log

2 x. What input value in the domain of f yields an output value of 4 ?
(A) 32

(B) 16
(C)
1 
(D) __
2

3. The function k is given by k( q ) = 2 sin q. What are all values of q, for 0 ≤ q < 2p, where k ( q ) = −1 ?
p   and q = _
(A) q = _ 5p 
6 6
p
_
(B) q =   and q =  5p
_
3 3
2 p
(C) q = _  and q =_ 4p 
3 3
7
_ p
(D) q =   and q 11p
_
=  
6 6
4. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to log 3(x 5 )  ?
(A) log 3 5 + log 3 x

(B)
(C)
log 3 x
(D) ____  
log 3 5

5. Which of the following statements is true about the exponential function h given by h( x ) = −3 · 4 x ?
(A) h is always increasing, and the graph of h is always concave up.

(B)
(C) h is always decreasing, and the graph of h is always concave up.
(D) h is always decreasing, and the graph of h is always concave down.
6. In the xy-plane, the graph of a rational function f has a hole at x = 2. Input values of f sufficiently close to
2 correspond to output values arbitrarily close to 6. Which of the following could define f( x ) ?
6( x − 2 )  ( x + 3 )
(A) f( x ) = ____________ 
( x − 3 )  ( x − 2 )

 
(B)  
 
 
(C)  
 
 
(D)  
 

7. At time t = 0, water begins pouring into an empty container at a constant rate. The water pours into
the container until it is full. The situation is modeled by the given graph, where time, in seconds, is the
independent variable and the depth of water in the container, in centimeters, is the dependent variable. For
which of the following containers would the graph be appropriate?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

8. At time t = 0 years, the population of a certain city was 23,144. During each of the next 10 years, the
population decreased by 4% per year. Based on this information, which of the following models the
population as a function of time t, in years, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 10 ?
(A) 23,144 − 0.04t

(B) 23,144 − 0.96t
(C) 23,144 ( 0.96 )  
t
(D) 23,144 (1.04 )  

t
sec
x − 
2
9. Where both expressions are defined, which of the following is equivalent to ________1?
2x
sec
(A) _tan ____2
x
2  
sin
x
 2 x 
  tan
(B) _____
cos2 x
(C) sin2 x
(D)

10. The location of point X in polar coordinates ( r, q ) is (1, __   ). Which of the following describes the
5p
6
location of point X in rectangular coordinates ( x, y ) ?
_
(A) (−   ___
 ,   1   ) 
√3 _
2 2
_
(B) (   ___
2 2)
√3 _
 ,   1    
_
           
(C)
_
(D) (   _ √3
   ) 
1 ,   ___
2 2
11. The figure shows the graph of an exponential decay function f. The coordinates of two of the points are
labeled. If what is the y-coordinate of the point on the graph where x = 0 ?
(A) 40

(B) 30

(C) 20

(D) 15



0

6

12. The table gives values for a function g at selected values of x. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) g is best modeled by a linear function, because the average rate of change over any length input-value
interval is constant.
(B)
(C)
(D) g is best modeled by a quadratic function, because the successive 2nd differences of the output values
over equal-interval input values are constant.

13. The function f is given by f( t ) = e t, and the function g is given by
,
which of the following is an expression for
(A)
(B) t 7
(C) te7
(D) 7t
14. The binomial theorem can be used to expand the polynomial function p, given by    What is
the coefficient of the term in the expanded polynomial?

(A)    
(B) ( − 3 )   2 · 10
(C) ( − 3 )   3 · 5
(D) ( − 3 )   2 · 5

15. The function g is given by Which of the following is the graph of g for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

16. The figure shows the graph of a function g in the xy-plane with four labeled points. It is known that a
relative maximum of g occurs at A, and the only point of inflection of the graph of g is C. Of the following
points, at which is the rate of change of g the least?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Point A B C D
r 2 2
p 3p  5p  7p 
‒ ___
4  −   _ _ _
4 4 4
17. The table gives polar coordinates for four selected points. Which of the points lies in Quadrant II of
the xy-plane?

(A) p counterclockwise is in Quadrant II, and the radius is positive.

_
4
(B) 3
_ p  clockwise is in Quadrant II, and the radius is positive.
4
(C) C, because from the positive x-axis, 5p counterclockwise is in Quadrant III, and the negative radius
_
4
indicates a reflection over the x-axis.

(D) 7p  counterclockwise from the origin is in Quadrant IV, and the
_
4
negative radius indicates the opposite direction of the angle from the origin.

18. The amount of water used each day in an office building, measured in hundreds of gallons, is modeled
by the function g defined by g( t ) = 5 sin( 0.8( t + 2 ) ) + 25, for integer values of t with 0 ≤ t ≤ 365 days.
Using actual data over time, it was determined that the model underestimates the amount of water used
each day by 800 gallons. Based on this information, which of the following functions is a better model for
the amount of water used each day, measured in hundreds of gallons?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
19. In the xy-plane, two different angles are in standard position and share a terminal ray. Based on
this information, which of the following gives possible values for ?
p  and β
(A) α = −   _ 7p 
= −   _
4 4
3 p
(B) α = _  and β 3p
= −   _ 
5 5
2p  and β
(C) α = _ =_ 8p 
3 3
5p  and β
(D) α = _ p 
= −   _
6 6

20. In the xy-plane, the function h, given by is a horizontal translation of the exponential
function f, given by f( x ) = 3x. Which of the following is an equivalent form for that expresses h as a
vertical dilation of f ?
(A)
(B)
(C) h( x ) = 9 · (   _
3)
x
1     
(D)
3 4 5 6
g( x ) − 11 − 19 − 29 − 41 − 55
21. The table gives values for a polynomial function g at selected values of x. If a < b, then g( a ) > g( b ) for all
a and b in the interval 3 < x < 7. Which of the following could be true about the graph of g on the interval
3 < x < 7 ?
e graph of g is concave down because the function is decreasing, and the average rate of change over
(A) Th
equal-length input-value intervals is increasing.
(B)
(C)
(D) The graph of g is concave up because the function is decreasing, and the average rate of change over
equal-length input-value intervals is decreasing.

22. The function f is given by f( x ) = 2 cos( p x ) + 3. The graph of f is mapped to the graph of g in the same
xy-plane by a horizontal translation of the graph of f by __p units right. Which of the following is an
2
expression for g( x ) ?
(A) 2 cos( p ( x −   _

2 ))
1     + 3
(B) 2 cos( p ( x − _
2 ))
p      + 3
(C) 2 cos(p x ) + 3 −   _ p 

2
p
(D) 2 cos(p x ) + 3 +    
_
2
23. The function C models temperature, in degrees Celsius, as a function of time t, in hours, for The
function P models electricity usage, in kilowatts, as a function of temperature, in degrees Celsius. Let K be
the composition function defined by K( t ) = P( C( t )) . Which of the following statements is true about
function K ?
(A)
(B)
(C) K models time as a function of electricity usage.
(D)

⏜
24. The figure shows a circle centered at the origin with an angle of measure q radians in standard position and
point P on the circle. The terminal ray of the angle intersects the circle at point Q. The length of arc  PQ is
6 units. Which of the following gives the distance of point Q from the y-axis?

(A) cos( __
5)
6  
(B) sin( __
5)
6  
(C) 5 cos( __
5)
6  
(D) 5 sin( __
5)
6  
3p 
25. In the xy-plane, the graph of which of the following functions has a vertical asymptote at x = __
4
(A) f( x ) = cot x
(B) f(x ) = cot( x −   _
2)
p    
(C) f(x ) = cot( x −      ) 

p
_
4
(D)       

26. The function r is given by   In the xy-p
lane, which of the following is true about
  
holes in the graph of r ?
(A) There are holes at x = −1 and x = 2because the multiplicity of − 1in the denominator is greater than the
multiplicity of − 1 in the numerator, and because the multiplicity of 2 in the numerator is equal to the
multiplicity of 2 in the denominator.
(B) There are holes at
because the multiplicity of in the numerator is equal to the
multiplicity of in the denominator, and because the multiplicity of 2 in the numerator is equal to
the multiplicity of 2 in the denominator.
(C) in the denominator is greater than the
multiplicity of in the numerator, and because the multiplicity of 2 in the numerator is equal to the
multiplicity of 2 in the denominator.
(D) There is a hole at x = 2 only because the multiplicity of in the numerator is equal to the multiplicity
of in the denominator, and because the multiplicity of 2 in the numerator is equal to the multiplicity
of 2 in the denominator.

27. A regression model S is constructed for a data set. The residuals from the regression are plotted and
labeled. Based on the vertical axis of the residual plot (not shown), point A is located at 1.3
and point B is
located at − 2.5. Which of the following statements is true about the model and the estimates produced by
the model that correspond to A and B ?
(A) The model produces an overestimate at A and an underestimate at B. Based on the absolute values of
the residuals, there is a greater error in the model with B than with A.
(B) The model produces an underestimate at A and an overestimate at B. Based on the absolute values of
the residuals, there is a greater error in the model with B than with A.
(C) The model produces an overestimate at A and an underestimate at B. Based on the absolute values of
the residuals, there is a greater error in the model with A than with B.
(D) The model produces an underestimate at A and an overestimate at B. Based on the absolute values of
the residuals, there is a greater error in the model with A than with B.

28. A portion of the graph of the polar function r = f ( q ) , where f( q ) = 2 − 4 cos q, is shown in the polar
coordinate system for a ≤ q ≤ b. If 0 ≤ a < b < 2p, which of the following are the values for a and b ?
p 
(A) a = 0 and b = _
3
(B)  
4p 
(C) a = p and b = _
3
(D) a = p and b = p 
7
_
6
END OF PART A
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART A ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
20
B B B B B B B B B
PRECALCULUS
SECTION I, Part B
Time—40 minutes
12 Questions
A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR SOME QUESTIONS ON THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. No
credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.
BE SURE YOU FILL IN THE CIRCLES ON THE ANSWER SHEET THAT CORRESPOND TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED
76–87.
YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1–28.
In this exam:
(1) The exact numerical value of the correct answer does not always appear among the choices given. When this
happens, select from among the choices the number that best approximates the exact numerical value.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f ( x ) is a real number.
(3) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians. Make sure your calculator is in
radian mode.

B B B B B B B B B
0 1 2 3
f( x ) 18 1 6 6 0 1 0
76. The table gives values for a polynomial function f at selected values of x. What is the average rate of change
of f over the closed interval [1, 4] ?
(A)
1 
(B) −   _
2
(C) 2
(D) 13
Year Length of High-Speed Railways

( time t )  (thousands of kilometers)
2010
1
(t = 0)
2013
7
(t = 3)
2016
1 6
(t = 6)
2019
25
(t = 9)
2022
38
( = 12 )
t
77. The table shows the length of high-speed railways, in thousands of kilometers, in a certain country, starting
in the year 2010 ( t = 0 ) . A quartic regression is used to model the length of high-speed railways as a
function of years since 2010. What length of high-speed railways, in thousands of kilometers, is predicted
by the model for 2028 ( t = 18 ) ?
(A) 54.2
(B) 127.0
(C) 309.3
(D) 942.1

B B B B B B B B B
78. The figure shows the graph of function g for 0 ≤ x ≤ 13. The endpoints of the interval are labeled with
points A and E. Two other extrema for g are labeled with points B and D. Point C is the only point of
inflection of the graph of g for 0 ≤ x ≤ 13. Let tA, tB, tC, tD, and tE represent the x -coordinates at those
points. Of the following, on which intervals is the rate of change of g decreasing?
(A) [tA, tB] only

(B)
(C) [tA, tB] and [tD, tE]
(D) [tC, tD] and [tD, tE]

B B B B B B B B B
79. The figure shows a circle centered at the origin with an angle of measure q radians in standard position.
The terminal ray of the angle intersects the circle at point P. If tanq
3 , what is the slope of the line that
= −   _
4
passes through the origin and P ?
4 
(A) −   _
3

(B)    
3 
(C) −   _
4
(D) −   3 
_
5

B B B B B B B B B
80. A set of data is represented using a semi-log plot (not shown), in which the vertical axis is logarithmically
scaled. The points on the semi-log plot appear to follow a decreasing linear pattern. Which of the following
function types best models the set of data?
(A) Linear
(B) Exponential growth
(C) Exponential decay
(D) Logarithmic

B B B B B B B B B
1000 + bx , where
81. The function C models the cost, in dollars, for producing x items and is given by C( x ) = _ x
b is a constant. It is known that the cost is $115 to produce 10 items and $65 to produce 20 items. What is
the average rate of change of C as x changes from x = 30 to x = 40 ?
(A)
(B) −$5 per item
(C) −$8.33 per item
(D) −$50 per item
82. For time t hours, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2, the number of people inside a large shopping center is changing at a rate
( t ) = t 3 − 4 t 2 + 3t + 1, where P(t ) is measured in hundreds of
modeled by the function P given by P
people per hour. Which of the following gives the time t and reasoning for when the number of people
inside the shopping center is at its maximum?
(A) t = 0.451, because the rate of change in the number of people inside the shopping center changes from
increasing to decreasing.
(B)
(C) t = 1.445, because the rate of change in the number of people inside the shopping center changes from
increasing to decreasing.
(D) t = 1.445, because the rate of change in the number of people inside the shopping center changes from
positive to negative.

B B B B B B B B B

undefined 1000 100 10
83. The table gives values for a rational function f at selected values of x. The polynomial in the numerator and
the polynomial in the denominator of the function have no zeros in common. Based on the information
given, which of the following conclusions is possible for the graph of f in the xy-plane?

(A) The graph of f has an x-intercept

at x = −5.
(B) The graph of f has a hole at
(C) The graph of f has a vertical asymptote at
(D) y = −5.
x
1.5 2 2.5 3 4 6
( years )

2 420 3150 3615 4105 4835 6355
84. The table gives the weight y, in pounds, of an animal for selected ages x, in years. A logarithmic regression
is used to model these data. What is the weight of the animal, to the nearest pound, predicted by the
logarithmic function model at age 4.5 years?
(A) 5073
(B) 5 203
(C) 5 333
(D) 5345

B B B B B B B B B
85. The polar function r = f ( q ) , where f( q ) = 1 + 2 cos q, is graphed in the polar coordinate system for
On which of the following intervals of q is the distance between the point with polar
coordinates ( f ( q ) , q ) and the origin decreasing?
(A) ( 0, 2.094 ) only

(B) ( 2.094, 4.189 )
(C)
(D)
86. On a given day, the number of people, in thousands, that have entered a museum is modeled by the
( t ) = 4.217 tan −1( 0.7t − 0.026 )  , where t is measured in hours and 0 ≤ t ≤ 8. Based on
function h given by h
the model, at what time t did person number 4000 enter the museum?
(A) t = 1.121
(B) t = 2.029
(C) t = 5.165
(D) t = 6.623

B B B B B B B B B
87. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 16, the rate at which customers arrive at a restaurant on a given day is modeled by the function
( t ) is measured in customers per hour and t is measured in hours since the restaurant opened.
R, where R
The function R is increasing for and R is decreasing for
The function N models the total number of customers who have arrived at the restaurant since it opened,
up to time t. Which of the following could be the graph of ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

END OF SECTION I
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART B ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
32

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AP ® Precalculus Exam

SECTION I: Multiple Choice

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Time—1 hour and 20 minutes

NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

(2) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

2 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

2. The function f is given by f( x ) = log

3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

4. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to log 3(x 5 ) ​​ ?

(A) ​​log 3 5 + ​log 3 x

4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) h is always increasing, and the graph of h is always concave up.

5 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) ​23,144 − 0.04t

(D) ​23,144 ​​ (1.04 ) ​​​

7 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

8 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

9 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

10 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

11 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

12 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) ​ ​ p counterclockwise is in Quadrant II, and the radius is positive.

13 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

14 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

15 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) ​2 cos​( p ( x − ​ _

(C) ​2 cos​(p x ) + 3 − ​ _ p ​​

16 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(C) f(x ) = cot( x − ​ ​ ) ​​

17 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

18 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

19 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1–28.

23 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

Year Length of High-Speed Railways

24 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) [tA, ​tB] only

25 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

26 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

27 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

28 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) The graph of f has an x-intercept

29 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) ( 0, 2.094 ) only

30 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

31 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

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4. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to log 3(x 5 )  ?

(A) log 3 5 + log 3 x

(A) 23,144 − 0.04t

(D) 23,144 (1.04 )  

(A) p counterclockwise is in Quadrant II, and the radius is positive.

(A) 2 cos( p ( x −   _

(C) 2 cos(p x ) + 3 −   _ p 

(C) f(x ) = cot( x −      ) 

(A) [tA, tB] only