Membrane Filter
Membrane Filter
Membrane Filter
0 Abstract
remove salts and other impurities by allowing the feed solution to pass through the
permeates through, while other fluid components are ejected by the membrane and
caught in the retentate (concentrate) stream. The membrane filtration unit (Model:
evaluate the effect of differential pressure on salt removal from water using a reverse
osmosis (RO) membrane filtration system. The experiment involved determining the
effectiveness of the membrane in salt rejection. The calculated fluxes for experiment
differential pressures of 20, 22, and 24 bar, were, respectively, 0.5781, 0.6563, and
differential pressure caused flux rates to rise. At these pressure differences, the
resistance somewhat increased at the greatest pressure measured. The salt rejection
for experiment 2 (Reverse Osmosis: Salt Rejection from Water) was measured at
The findings demonstrated that the percentage of salt rejection reduced with
dissolved salts in feed water, this decrease in salt rejection can be attributed to some
salt leakage through the membrane. The experiment was successfully carried out
remove salts and other contaminants by allowing the feed solution flows through the
membrane module during membrane filtering. In the module, liquid permeates
through the membrane while other fluid components are ejected by the membrane
using the membrane filtration unit (Model: TR16) to investigate the membrane
resistance and evaluate the effect of differential pressure on salt removal from water
using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration system. The experiment involved
20, 22 and 24 bar, the calculated fluxes were 0.5781, 0.6563, and 0.6875 L/m2.min,
respectively . The results showed that increasing the differential pressure across the
membrane led to an increase in flux rates. The membrane resistance values at these
resistance at the highest pressure tested, contrary to the expected decrease. For
pressure differential of 20 and 25 bar, the salt rejection was measured at 99.32 and
97.01%, respectively. The results showed that as the pressure increased, the
attributed to some salt leakage through the membrane, as RO membranes are not
completely effective barriers to dissolved salts in feed water. The objetives are
5.0 Apparatus
mixture
sample water
6.0 Methodology
Start-up Procedure
Pump and Pressure
5. The pressure regulator PR1 was adjusted by using wrench to obtain the desired
Heat Exchanger
1. The liquid level inside the hot water tank was ensured to always above the
2. Valve V11 was opened to let the tap water flow in the cooling coil to maintain the
3. Valve V13 was fully opened while valve V14 is partially opened.
4. The centrifugal pump P2 was switched on to circulate the liquid through the heat
exchanger.
1. Valves V3, V16, V5, V7and V15 were ensured to fully open.
2. The desired working temperature was ensured to be stable before taking the
result.
3. The differential pressure across the membrane was set to 20 bar by adjusting
4. Valve V15 was closed and valve V9 was fully opened to collect the permeate
5. Then, valve V15 was ensured to fully opened and valve V9 was closed.
6. The Volume of permeate sample was measured using measuring cylinder then
1. NaCl solution was prepared by adding 40g of NaCl into 20L of water in feed
tank.
2. The differential pressure across the membrane was set to 20 bar by adjusting
3. Valve V15 was closed and valve V9 was fully opened to collect the permeate
4. Then, valve V15 was ensured to fully opened and valve V9 was closed.
Shut-down Procedure
1. Valves V1, V4, V6, V8 and V9 were opened to drain the liquid.
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