Group 8 - ECELXM1L - Lab02

Experiment no.
FULLWAVE BRIDGE TYPE RECTIFIER
OBJECTIVE/S:
To be able to design a full-wave bridge type rectifier circuit, observe respective waveforms, and make
relevant measurements.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
AC current is simpler and more economical to generate and transmit than is dc current. For this
reason, electric utility companies generate and distribute ac power. But typical electronic circuit require
a dc source of power. A rectifier circuit can be used to convert ac into pulsating dc.
To convert ac to dc, the rectifier circuit must be capable of passing current in one direction (forward
biased) and blocking current in the reverse direction. The diode, with its unidirectional (one way) current
characteristics, is well suited for rectification.
Figure 3-1 illustrates the two circuit configurations that provide full-wave rectification. Circuit
operations is nearly identical for both configurations. Figure 3-1(a) shows center-tapped full-wave
rectifier circuit. Figure 3-1(b) shows full-wave bridge rectifier. Due to design configurations and
transformer efficiencies, the circuit configurations of Figure 3-1(b) is generally preferred.
Figure 3-1. Full-wave circuit configurations
Figure 3-2 shows the conduction of the bridge for each ac alternation. In 3-2(a), the positive
alternation causes diodes D1 and D3 to be forward biased. As a result, current flows through D3 and
the load resistor, then back to the transformer through D1. Because diode D2 and D4 are reverse biased
at this time, they perform the function in the circuit and so they are not shown.
NATIONAL University 1
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
Figure 3-2. Conduction path of full-wave bridge rectifier.
In Figure 3-2(b), the negative alternation causes diodes D2 and D4 to be forward biased. As a
result, current flows through D2 and the load resistor, then back to the transformer through D4. During
this alternation, diodes D1 and D3 are reversed biased and are not shown.
Notice that both the positive and negative alternations of the input ac voltage are converted to
pulsating dc. Figure 3-2(c) shows the resulting rectified voltage waveshape. Because there are two
pulses for one complete cycle of the input waveform, as Figure 3-2(c) indicates, the output pulse
frequency of a full-wave rectifier is twice that of the input frequency. Therefore, the ripple frequency of
the output is equal to two times the input, or line, frequency.
The relationship between peak, rms, and average voltages of a full-wave rectifier are shown in
Figure 3-3. In general, the average value is twice that of a half-wave configuration. The rms value
increases to 0.707
Angeles, M., Nalunat, J. (2023)

Figure 3-3.Full-wave rectifier voltage relationship
PROCEDURE:
Design a power supply comprised of fullwave bridge rectifier, capacitor, and resistor that satisfy the given
specification.
Specification:
Input voltage available : 230V AC, 50Hz

Output DC voltage VO(DC) required : 12V
DC load Current : 50 mA
Computations:
RL Value: Capacitor Value:
12 𝑉 50 𝑚𝐴
𝑅𝐿 = = 0.20 𝑘Ω 𝐶=
50 𝑚𝐴 2 (1𝑘𝐻𝑧) 1.2 𝑉
50 𝑚𝐴
𝐶=
2400
= 20.8 𝜇𝐹

Circuit Diagram
OBSERVATION:
Upon designing the power supply with a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, specific
observations were made regarding the load resistor (RL) and smoothing capacitor (C). The load
resistor, calculated to be 240 ohms, plays a crucial role in determining the current flowing
through the circuit and maintaining the desired output voltage of 12V. On the other hand, the
smoothing capacitor, with an approximate value of 208 μF, is instrumental in reducing the ripple
in the rectified output. This component ensures a more stable DC voltage by smoothing out
fluctuations, contributing to the overall reliability of the power supply.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the designed power supply incorporates a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit,
a load resistor of 240 ohms, and a smoothing capacitor of approximately 208 μF. The rectifier
circuit transforms the input AC voltage of 230V at 50Hz into pulsating DC, meeting the specified
requirements of a 12V output with a DC load current of 50 mA. The inclusion of the load resistor
is essential for achieving the desired output characteristics. Simultaneously, the smoothing
capacitor effectively reduces ripple in the rectified waveform, ensuring a stable and constant DC

voltage supply to the load. The chosen design with a full-wave bridge rectifier configuration is
preferred for its efficiency in converting AC to DC. It is anticipated that the power supply will
fulfill the specified requirements and provide a dependable source of DC power for electronic
circuits, subject to considerations such as the availability of standard resistor and capacitor
values and the components' power ratings. Additionally, real-world factors, including transformer
losses and diode characteristics, need to be considered for a comprehensive and practical
power supply design.
QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following isn’t type of rectifier?

a. Precision half-wave rectifier c. Peak rectifier
b. Bridge rectifier d. None of the following
2. For a half wave or full wave rectifier the peak inverse voltage of the rectifier is always
a. Greater than the input voltage
b. Smaller than the input voltage
c. Equal to the input voltage
d. Greater than the input voltage for full wave rectifier and smaller for the half wave rectifier
3. Bridge rectifier is an alternative for
a. Full wave rectifier c. Half wave rectifier
b. Peak rectifier d. None of the mentioned
4. The diode rectifier works well enough if the supply voltage is much than greater than 0.7V. For
smaller voltage (of few hundreds of millivolt) input which of the following can be used?
a. Superdiode c. Precision rectifier
b. Peak rectifier d. None of the mentioned
5. A simple diode rectifier has ‘ripples’ in the output wave which makes it unsuitable as a DC source.
To overcome this one can use
a. A capacitor in series with the load resistance
b. A capacitor parallel to the load resistance
c. Both of the mentioned situations will work
d. None of the mentioned situations will work

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Experiment no.

FULLWAVE BRIDGE TYPE RECTIFIER

Figure 3-1. Full-wave circuit configurations

Figure 3-2. Conduction path of full-wave bridge rectifier.

Angeles, M., Nalunat, J. (2023)

Figure 3-3.Full-wave rectifier voltage relationship

Input voltage available : 230V AC, 50Hz

RL Value: Capacitor Value:

Angeles, M., Nalunat, J. (2023)

Angeles, M., Nalunat, J. (2023)

1. Which of the following isn’t type of rectifier?

Angeles, M., Nalunat, J. (2023)

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