1.

3 Purpose

The impact of AI on SDG (Sustainable Development Goals)

There are 17 SDG Goals adopted in the General Assembly in 2015 by the
United Nations. It was built upon "leaving no one behind" principle.
This world is the home for life of people, plants and animals. The materials
and resources that the planet provides helps us to sustain life. In order to
build a better world for everyone it is important that we take care to
conserve, preserve and protect our Shelter and the life of those in this world.
The Member States of the United Nations have agreed to achieve 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.

They were adopted for:-

1. Better Society

2. Better Economy

3. Better Environment

The major challenges for the world are to provide clean water, clean air,
natural resources, sustainable energy, and education. As we all know that
there so many problems we are facing with environments, problems with
people like poverty and starvation. So far with the advancement of
technological growth, we did not succeed with these problems yet. So
Artificial Intelligence can help to solve such problems.
AI societal Impacts

AI-based system or tools can provide the best results on the following goals:
• No poverty (SDG - 1): AI can help us to overcome the problem of

poverty.

• Zero Hunger (SDG - 2): AI systems helps us to achieve the target of zero

hunger by providing us better management of food and growth of crops.

• Good Health and Well Being (SDG - 3): AI can help in preparing data

for people living under the poverty line and help them by providing food,
health, water, and energy easily.

• Quality Education (SDG - 4): AI systems can be trained for quality

education and can provide the solution.

• Gender Equality (SDG - 5): AI tools don't recognize gender. In some

areas, AI can result in negative impacts also. For example, the AI systems or
tools are trained based on the situation and requirements of the country
where they developed. If we talk about SDG 5 - Gender Equality, there is
inefficient research done. The tools which are available such as voice agents
and chatbots like Alexa or Siri gendered as female only. To improve this
more research required for smart algorithms, image recognition, reinforced
learning, or discrimination.
•Clean water and Sanitation (SDG - 6): AI tools can be used for

supplying clean water and sanitation to the people. 

• Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG - 7): AI can be trained to provide

affordable and clean energy but the AI product design should require proper
resources and tools. 
• Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG - 11): AI is capable to

create smart cities that provide efficient resources to the people.

• Peace Justice and Strong institutions (SDG - 16): Justice and strong

institutions based on the rules formed by the different groups of people. So it

is very highly impacted through AI. The tools can be trained for the laws and
enforcement according to the need.

• Partnerships for the goals (SDG - 17): AI can help to provide a

partnership and support the partner to achieve the goal.

AI economic Impacts
The positive impacts of AI on economy goals are:
• Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG - 8): The market heavily

relies on data analysis. These data may not available in low and middle-
income countries. Hence the work culture may be impacted.

• Industry Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG - 9): AI system helps in

industry innovation in terms of solving complex problems. It can handle

complex operations easily. It can also handle the infrastructural issues with
advancement.

• Reduce Inequalities (SDG - 10): By using AI tools inequalities can be

reduced as AI tools do not have any emotions. They can produce the results
better than other tools. If we take the example of AI used by social media
websites to show up the contents of user’s interest in his profile. Another
example is job creation using AI tools.
• Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG – 12): AI is yielding

optimal consumption and production levels with vertical green farms,

eliminating waste and improving yields and resource efficiency.

AI Environmental Impacts

AI can impact on following SDGs related to the environment:

• Climate action (SDG - 13): AI can be useful in generating an alert in
climatic situations. It can produce the alerts and warn the concerned
department about climate change and leads to act accordingly.

• Life below water (SDG - 14): The life below water like animals living
under the sea, under the river plays an important role in maintaining
temperature and makes the earth suitable for all of us. AI can impact on
these by recording their needs and improve the supply chain.

• Life on Land (SDG - 15): AI systems can be helpful for life on land as
well. It can promote the use of ecosystems through various platforms like
social media, search engines, and so on.
 1.4 Possibilities
The possibilities of Artificial Intelligence in various fields increasing day by
day. If we compare our today's life with a few years ago then we can
understand one thing i.e. Life has changed a lot nowadays. We have so many
systems, devices, a technology that serve something which is according to
our need and behavior.
As we think about possibilities of artificial intelligence, we can think it can
influence 90% of fields with numerous opportunities.
So at one side people are losing job, simultaneously AI is creating
opportunities to trained people at the other end. AI related jobs are
increasing day by day. These jobs need good knowledge of Mathematics,
Science, Computers, IT and Technology.

Skills required for jobs of the future

1. Communication skills: This is an essential skill for every job.
Communication helps a person in many ways.

2. Knowledge of Basic Mathematics and Science: A person must have

good knowledge of basic mathematics and science principles to understand
and work with AI.

3. Applied mathematics: Many systems and AI tools using applied

mathematics concepts. Some AI research also requires applied mathematics
principles.
4. English speaking and Listening: As dealing with technology and other
concerns the English language will be an added advantage for future high
paying jobs.
5. Techno Savvy: Techno savvy refers to the knowledge of basic computers
and online communication medium which is very essential in today's
scenarios too.
6. Machine Learning: It essential for future jobs related to AI. A person
who deals with AI that also deals with Machine Learning projects.
7. Data Science: As you are familiar with the domain of AI, Data is playing
a key role in jobs related to AI.
8. Programming Languages: Programming languages like python, R, Go,
etc. are part of AI tools and technology. So it is also a mandatory part for job
seekers.
9. Data Analysis: Many big companies have a job role as a Data Analyst
who is responsible for data analysis. Data analysis helps in taking the right
decision.
10. AI research: It is advanced skill for job for future development and
implementation of AI as well current growth.

Possibilities of Artificial Intelligence technology in Health:

Infervision
It is developed in China that uses Artificial Intelligence in medical services. It
is using deep learning and computer vision. Recently, it was used in China for
fighting against COVID-19.

DeepMind
DeepMind is created by Google influenced by Neuroscience. It is designed to
copy the human brain's behaviour. In past, it defeated many human players
in different games. Now Google is expanding this system to the healthcare
sector to reduce the time required for planning treatments and diagnose the
sickness.

Possibilities of Artificial Intelligence technology by Google:

Google Fishing watch
This can be used by law agencies to prevent illegal fishing. It is also a
product of google that uses cloud computing, machine learning and geo-
mapping using AI and Satellite to predict the location of vessels at sea. It
identifies the instances of illegal fishing.

Google Brain
It was started in 2011 and used for image recognition at initial stage. As time
goes, now it used for many purposes as following:
1. Image Enhancement
2. Natural Language Processing
3. Youtube video recommendations
Possibilities of AI technology for customer experience:
Walmart
It is a mall and retailer like D-mart which is serving through its offline stores
as well as online stores. It is using AI technology for improving its customer
experience for in-store and online. It uses AI with IoT (internet of things)
with Scan and Go, Pick up towers. It is also experimenting with facial
recognition technology to measure a customer's mood is happy or sad inside
the store.

Hello Barbie
In the market, dolls are also available which can talk with human beings.
These toys use AI concepts like Language Processing, Machine Learning, and
Advanced Analytics. These toys having a microphone that records the voice
of the child and selects the dialog from the server and gives the response.

Talking with machines

It is one audio drama created by BBC. It allows listeners to have a
conversation with machines and allows listeners to answer the questions. It
works with google Echo and Google Home.

Possibilities of AI technology for vehicles :

Volvo
Volvo is a car company, use AI for car servicing and replacement of different
components. It collects data of vehicles and improve in stressful situations
and increasing the driver and passenger experience. It also used these data
for research and development.

BMW
BMW uses AI to perform some tasks and handle the manufacturing of cars
for quality control. In 2019 BMW released on OpenSource algorithm so by
that software developers can review, edit and improve the source code for
quality control. Even AI helps to make some decisions from car
manufacturing to sales and sales-servicing.

IBM Watson
IBM Watson facilitates enterprise-based services, apps, and tools for
developing and managing products or apps or various corporate services. It
is using many services like IBM Cloud, AWS, Azure, Google, or your own
private cloud platform.

John Deer
John Dear provides farm vehicles (tractor) that use GPS and AI technology
named FramSight for automatic ploughing and sowing the farms. This
company uses AI technology in Agriculture. It checks the availability of pest
on the crop and report any pesticides needs to be applied or not.

Possibilities of Artificial Intelligence technology for Media

RADAR (Reporters and Data Robots)
It is popularly used as RADAR AI. It is a service which collects data from
various sources like government, local authorities, and public services and
release news. It writes around 30K stories monthly and using Natural
Language Technology to write them.

Netflix
Netflix using AI for prediction of watch of their customers. Then this data will
be provided to content providers and content creators. Based on AI
recommendations new contents will be created and this way AI helps netflix
to commit new seasons on the new shows.

Cortana
Cortana is a Microsoft product. It is a virtual assistant which performs various
roles. For example - it can be work as chatbot on Skype, display news,
weather travels etc.

1.5 AI Ethics
As we are human beings and we are following some moral principles for
doing certain activities as well as to make our life comfortable with good
manners and behavior. These concerns and principles related to good
manners, good behavior is known as ethics.
Similarly certain ethics are also associated with AI systems and tools. So
finally AI ethics can be defined as following:
AI ethics refers to the basic principles of AI system design that use the good
code of conduct and produces the results.
In other words ethics means what is right and unethical means what is
wrong.
AI ethics are classified into two categories:
1. AI bias
2. AI access

Ethical concerns related to AI access

While developing a system or a new technology, we may face some ethical
issues related to that system or new technology. Similarly AI systems also
face these ethical concerns.
When AI is coming to our way, we need to think about data management.
This is the first concern because AI is mostly rely on data.
Whenever we think about data we should think about their storage,
collection, privacy and many more concerns.
Now a days we are using smart phones and internet. Daily we are accessing
lots of apps and websites.
When we install any app on our mobile it ask for different type of permissions
like
1. Contacts
2. Location
3. Email
4. Storage
5. Notes

All these data Google is using for the exchange of the details whenever such
apps are used in our mobile. Sometimes it improves user experience as well.
We will get the information from our app as per our previous transactions
and actions on the app.

1. AI Bias
When we tap on allow button on our mobile or smart phone for giving access
to the apps that it asked, we are giving our details for simple access. That
means whatever data we feed in that particular app is our identity according
to the app we have used.
As we have seen that most of the robots or assistants are available in female
voice only. This is because the computer system trained on the specific data
and common observation for those kind of jobs.
But identification and understanding of such things are not an easy task.
Sometimes the result produced by these systems are also not up to the
mark. It also happens in AI systems because sometimes the developer also
cannot understand the behavior of these systems.
Many AI systems do exactly what they have designed for! They cannot take
their decisions. They uses the provided data and training material. They
never understand the data nor interpret it.
 Components of a good AI Policy
The following topics can be considered as good AI policy:
1. Transparent System
2. Right of data collection
3. Freedom of leaving the system
4. Design
5. Data deletion
1. Transparent System
A transparent system refers to the guideline and system purposes should be
very clear to its users. While collecting data the purpose and the detailed
guide about what to be done with the data should be known to the users.
2. Right of data collection
When the data is collected by the AI system it must be right to the data
which the system is collecting. Without the collection of data, it cannot take
the right decision for the user.
3. Freedom of leaving system
The user must have the freedom to leave the system. After using such
system if user want to leave the system, the freedom should be given to the
users.
4. Design
The system should be designed in such a manner that the data collection and
purpose should be limited. This helps the users to stay and use the system in
a good manner. The interface itself provides such controls to users.
5. Data Deletion
When the user leave the system, his data should be deleted. Or sometimes
user requests to delete their data it should be provided in the system itself.
2. AI access
The AI access is a set of ethical concerns related to the adoption of AI
systems.
These concerns are as follows:
1. Unemployment
2. Inequalities
3. Negative Adoptions
4. Black Box problem

1. Unemployment
This is very the important topic of debate. Many says that AI adoption can
increase the jobs and employment opportunities, many says that it reduces
the employment and takes many jobs from human being and many says
there is no effect of AI on employment.
2. Increasing Inequalities
By adopting AI, results in a reduction in the number of people required for
particular jobs. It will definitely affect the economy and increase the gap in
the economy hence increase inequalities.
3. Negative Adoptions
Negative adoptions are part of our life. The negative minded community like
hackers, terrorists and some other mafias can use this technology for some
other purposes and misuses it.
4. Black Box problem
The black box problem refers to the situation that is created by a system
itself and the developer of system cannot resolve them. This happens quite
often with AI systems.