B. Sc.

Agriculture (Horticulture)

CURRICULA & SYLLABI

B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)

Punjabi University, Patiala

Punjab, India
Session 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-2019

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Ordinances for B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Examination Semester I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII and VIII.

Notwithstanding the integrated nature of a course over more than one academic
year; the ordinances in force at the time a student joins a course shall hold good only for the
examination held during or at the end of the academic year, nothing in these ordinances
shall be deemed to debar the university from amending the ordinances subsequently and the
amended ordinances, if any, shall apply to student whether old or new.

1.1. The duration of the course of instruction for the degree of Bachelor of Sciences in
Agriculture (Horticulture) shall be eight semesters i.e. four years.
1.2. There shall be eight examinations, namely First (I), Second (II), Third (III), Fourth
(IV), Fifth (V), Sixth (VI), Seventh (VII) and Eighth (VIII) semester. These
examinations shall be held after 6 months, ordinarily in the months of November/
December and May/ June or on such dates as may be fixed by the University.
2.1. Candidate shall submit their admission forms for admission to the Controller of
Examination countersigned by the Head of the department or Principal of the College.
2.2. The last dates by which examination admission forms and fees, without and with late
fees shall reach the Controller of Examination as fixed by the University.
2.3. Incomplete form or forms of candidate who has not cleared his /her all dues will not be
accepted.
2.4. The amount of examination fee to be paid by a candidate for each examination shall be
prescribed by the University.
2.5. The medium of examination shall be English.
2.6. The syllabus shall be such as may be prescribed by the concerned faculty from time to
time.
3.1. A person who has secured at least 50% marks (45% in case of candidate belonging to
Scheduled cast/tribes) of the aggregate marks in four compulsory subjects i.e.
Chemistry, Physics, Biology/Math and English taken together of 10+2 pattern or 10+2/
Intermediate examination with Agriculture Subject or equivalent examination from
recognized Board/University shall be eligible to join the first semester of the course.
3.2. A student who has passed the first semester of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
examination shall be eligible to join the Second semester.
3.3. A student who has passed the second semester of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
examination shall be eligible to join the third semester.
3.4. A student who has passed the third semester of Agriculture (Horticulture) examination
shall be eligible to join the fourth semester.
3.5. A student who has passed the fourth semester of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
examination shall be eligible to join the fifth semester.
3.6. A student who has passed the fifth semester of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
examination shall be eligible to join the sixth semester.

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3.7. A student who has passed the sixth semester of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
examination shall be eligible to join the seventh semester.
3.8. A student who has passed the seventh semester of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
examination shall be eligible to join the eighth (final) semester.
3.9. A candidate, who has failed in not more than two theory papers and two laboratory
(Practical) papers in the regular examination of the semester may appear in such papers
in the next supplementary examination along with the regular examination of next
semester. In cases he/she fails again in the above said reappear examination, he/she
shall be provisionally promoted to next semester and allowed to appear for these papers
along with the regular examination of the semester to which the candidate was
provisionally promoted.
A candidate, who has failed in not more than two theory papers and two practical
papers, shall appear only in these papers in subsequent examination held thereafter.
Moreover, a candidate who has failed in more than two theory papers and two practical
papers shall be declared fail and will appear in all theory and practical papers in the
subsequent regular examination of the semester.

4. a) The admission to B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Part-II shall be open to a person

who has passed B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Part-I examination of the university or
has cleared atleast 50% of total theory and practical papers separately prescribed for
the 1st and 2nd semesters of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Part-I course.

b) Admission to B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Part-III shall be open to a person who

has passed all the four semesters of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Part-I and Part-II
or has cleared at least 50% papers of four semesters of earlier two years.

c) Admission to B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) Part-IV shall be open to person who

has cleared all the papers of first four semesters and at least 50% of the total theory and
practical papers, separately of 5th and 6th semesters.

4.1. The minimum number of marks required to pass the examination shall be
(i) 40% marks in each paper separately in written and practical part excluding the marks for
internal assessment.
(ii) 50% in the aggregate of all subjects, in the university examination and internal
assessment together.
(iii) 25% of the total marks in each of First/Second/Third/Fourth/Fifth/Sixth/Seventh/Eighth
examination shall be reserved for internal assessment both in theory and laboratory
(Practical) separately. The internal assessment will be awarded on the basis of the
house examination, held by the department. The average of two house examinations
shall be considered for award of internal assessment. The marks shall be certified by
the head of the department and counted towards the marks reserved for the respective
paper for regular examination, as the case may be.
(iv) The grace marks up to 1% of the total marks of examination in which he/she has
appeared shall be awarded to the best advantages of the candidate for passing/reappears
in regular/supplementary examination.
5. Re-evaluation of scripts shall be admissible in B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
Examination Semester I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII examination except practical
examination. The re evaluation shall be allowed in not more than two theory papers

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 provided candidate has scored not less than 25% marks in the relevant paper. The
candidate shall submit his/her application on specified form along with prescribed fee,
for re-evaluation within 14 days from the date of declaration of the result.
6. The successful candidates shall be classified on the basis of aggregate marks secured
in all the eight semesters of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture) taken together as under:
(a) 75% or more with Distinction.
(b)60% or more in the First division.
(c) 50% or more but less than 60% in the Second division.
(d) below 50% in the Third division.
7. The controller of examination shall declare the result after two weeks of termination of
examination or as soon as thereafter.
8. A successful candidate of the First/Second/Third/Fourth/Fifth/Sixth/Seventh/Eighth
semester examination shall be granted a certificate.
9. A successful candidate of the Final examination of B.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)
Examination shall be granted a Degree.

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY PATIALA

Scheme of Studies and Examinations for the
B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE)
PART-I 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-2019 Session

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 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Ist Semester

PAPER SUBJECT Period per week THEORY PRACTICAL TOTAL

NO.
Theory Practical EXTERNAL INTERNAL

I FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRONOMY 3 2 45 15 40 100

II INTRODUCTORY 3 2 45 15 40 100
AGROMETEROLOGY
III FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL 3 2 45 15 40 100
SCIENCE
IV INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY 3 2 45 15 40 100
V INTRODUCTORY AGRICULTURAL 3 - 75 25 - 100
ECONOMICS
VI ENGLISH 3 - 75 25 - 100

VII(A)/(B) PUNJABI COMPULSORY(FOR 3 - 75 25 - 100

PUNJAB STATE
STUDENT)/PUNJABI
MUDLAGYAN(FOR OTHER STATE
STUDENTS)

VIII (A) MATHEMATICS 3 - 75 25 - 100

(FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS)
VIII (B) BASIC BOTANY 3 2 45 15 40 100
(FOR NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS)
Total 24 10 800

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) IInd Semester

PAPER SUBJECT Period per week THEORY PRACTICAL TOTAL
NO.
Theory Practical EXTERNAL INTERNAL

IX FUNDAMENTALS OF 3 2 45 15 40 100
HORTICULTURE
X FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT 3 2 45 15 40 100
PATHOLOGY
XI FUNDAMENTALS OF 3 2 45 15 40 100
BIOCHEMISTRY
XII PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS 3 2 45 15 40 100
XIII PLANT PROPAGATION & NURSERY 3 2 45 15 40 100
MANAGEMENT
XIV ENGLISH 3 - 75 25 - 100

XV(A)/(B) PUNJABI COMPULSORY(FOR 3 - 75 25 - 100

PUNJAB STATE STUDENT)/PUNJABI
MUDLAGYAN(FOR OTHER STATE
STUDENTS)
OPTIONAL
XVI (A) MATHEMATICS II (FOR MEDICAL 3 - 75 25 - 100
STUDENTS)
XVI (B) BASIC ZOOLOGY 3 2 45 15 40 100
(FOR NON MEDICAL STUDENTS)
Total 800

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) IIIrd Semester

B.Sc IIIrd Sem

Subject Subject Theory PRACTICAL TOTAL

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Code

EXTERNAL INTERNAL

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF 45 15 40 100

I TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL
FRUITS
II FUNDAMENTALS OF 45 15 40 100
ENTOMOLOGY
45 15 40 100
III PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING
MANURE, FERTILIZERS & SOIL 45 15 40 100
IV
FERTILITY MANAGEMENT
FUNDAMENTALS OF CROP 45 15 40 100
V
PHYSIOLOGY
VI PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF 45 15 40 100
TROPICAL & SUB-TROPICAL
VEGETABLES
VII FUNDAMENTALS OF FOOD 45 15 40 100
TECHNOLOGY
VIII (A)/(B) PUNJABI COMPULSORY(FOR 75 25 - 100
PUNJAB STATE
STUDENT)/PUNJABI
MUDLAGYAN(FOR OTHER
STATE STUDENTS)
Total 800
B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) IV Semester th

B.Sc IVth Sem

Subject Subject Theory PRACTICAL TOTAL
Code
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
45 15 40 100
IX INTRODUCTION TO
AGROFORESTRY

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF 45 15 40 100

X
TEMPERATE FRUITS
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 45 15 40 100
XI OF TEMPERATE
VEGETABLES
DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS & 45 15 40 100
XII
MANAGEMENT
XIII ORCHARD MANAGEMENT 45 15 40 100

XIV FARM POWER & MACHINERY 45 15 40 100

MEDICAL & AROMATICAL 45 15 40 100
XV
PLANTS
XVI (A)/(B) PUNJABI COMPULSORY(FOR 75 25 - 100
PUNJAB STATE
STUDENT)/PUNJABI
MUDLAGYAN(FOR OTHER
STATE STUDENTS)
ENVIRONMENT & ROAD 70 30 - 100
(QUALIFYIN
ENVT SAFETY AWARENESS G PAPER)
(QUALIFYING PAPER)
Total 800

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Vth Semester

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B.Sc Vth Sem
Subject Subject Theory PRACTICAL TOTAL
Code
EXTERNAL INTERNAL

I DISEASES OF VEGETABLE 45 15 40 100

CROPS & MANAGEMENT
II INSECTS PESTS OF FRUIT 45 15 40 100
CROPS
III PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE 45 15 40 100
ARCHITECTURE
IV 45 15 40 100
SOIL AND PLANT ANALYSIS
V WEED MANAGEMENT IN 45 15 40 100
HORTICULTURE CROPS
VI 45 15 40 100
BREEDING OF FRUIT CROPS
VII 45 15 40 100
POTATO & TUBER CROPS
VIII (A)/(B) PUNJABI COMPULSORY(FOR 75 25 - 100
PUNJAB STATE
STUDENT)/PUNJABI
MUDLAGYAN(FOR OTHER
STATE STUDENTS)
Total 800
th
B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) VI Semester
B.Sc VIth Sem
Subject Subject Theory PRACTICAL TOTAL
Code
EXTERNAL INTERNAL

INSECT PESTS OF 45 15 40 100

IX VEGETABLE &
ORNAMENTAL CROPS
PROCESSING OF HORTICULTURE 45 15 40 100
X
CROPS
XI SPICES & CONDIMENTS 45 15 40 100
XII PLANTATION CROPS 45 15 40 100
INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLE & 45 15 40 100
XIII
ORNAMENTAL CROPS
XIV STATISTICAL METHODS 45 15 40 100
FUNDAMENTALS OF 45 15 40 100
XV AGRICULTURE EXTENSION
EDUCATION
XVI (A)/(B) PUNJABI COMPULSORY(FOR 75 25 - 100
PUNJAB STATE
STUDENT)/PUNJABI
MUDLAGYAN(FOR OTHER
STATE STUDENTS)
Total 800

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) VIIth Semester

B.Sc VIIth Sem

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Subject Subject Theory PRACTICAL TOTAL
Code
EXTERNAL INTERNAL

I 45 15 40 100
COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE
II BREEDING OF VEGETABLE 45 15 40 100
CROPS
POST HARVEST 45 15 40 100
III MANAGEMENT OF
HORTICULTURAL CROPS
AND VALUE ADDITIONS
IV INTRODUCTION TO MAJOR 45 15 40 100
FIELD CROPS
SEED PRODUCTION OF 45 15 40 100
V
VEGETABLE, TUBER AND
SPICE CROPS
BREEDING & SEED 45 15 40 100
VI
PRODUCTION OF
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
COMMUNICATION SKILLS 45 15 40 100
VII
AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT
VIII APICULTURE, SERICULTURE & 45 15 40 100
LAC CULTURE
Total 800
th
B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) VIII Semester
B.Sc VIIIth Sem
Subject Subject Theory PRACTICAL TOTAL
Code
EXTERNAL INTERNAL

ORGANIC FARMING OF 45 15 40 100

IX
HORTICULTURAL CROPS
PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF 45 15 40 100
X HIGH VALUE HORTICULTURAL
CROPS
HORTICULTURE BUSINESS 45 15 40 100
XI
MANAGEMENT
XII MUSHROOM CULTIVATION 45 15 40 100
EXTENSION METHODOLOGY 45 15 40 100
XIII AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 45 15 40 100
XIV AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE)
Reware Model Duration (Weeks) Marks
ORIENTATION 2 WEEKS 50
XV VILLAGE ATTACHMENT (DURING WINTER BREAK)
AGRI-CLINICS / PLANT HEALTH CLINICS / 150
EXPERIENTIAL LEANING / INDUSTRIAL
ATTACHMENT/KVK/VISIT TO
AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION AND EXA
MINATION
Total 800

SYLLABUS

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 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE)PART — I
Session 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-2019, EXAMINATIONS
(Semester-I)

Paper- I: FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRONOMY

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour
Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.

Theory
Section A
1. History of agriculture, its importance and branches, meaning and scope of
Agronomy definition and importance, its relationship with other sciences.
2. Classification of crops, factors affecting crop production, soil and water in relation
to crop production.
3. Cropping system- different types of cropping system: intercropping, multiple
cropping, mixed cropping, intensive cropping and crop rotation, relay cropping,
Alley cropping.
4. Tillage: objectives, types, principle, farm tools, machinery. Modern concept and
implements.
Section B

1. Methods of sowing, suitability under different conditions, seeding practices in

relation to kind of seed, types of soil, time of sowing, soil moisture.

2. Irrigation: principle and practices, dry land/ rainfed farming.

3. Weeds: Introduction, Characteristics, dissemination, harmful and beneficial effects,
classification, crop weed competition, allelopathy and the method of control.

4. Maintenance of soil fertility and productivity: Organic manures, green manuring,

fertilizers and their applications

PRACTICAL

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Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours
1. Land measurement.
2. Study of tillage implements and their operations.
3. Field preparation and seed bed preparation.
4. Study of seeding equipments.
5. Different methods of sowing.
6. Identification different of manures and fertilizers.
7. Methods of fertilizer application.
8. Identification of weeds.
9. Survey of weeds in crop fields and other habitats.
10. Herbicides their active ingredient and trade names.
11. Identification of field crops and their seeds.
12. Depth of seed sowing in relation to seed size.
13. Harvesting indices and acquaintance with harvesting machinery.

References Books:

1. Cheema S.S., D.K. Dhaliwal and T.S. Sahota. Theory and Digest Agronomy.
2. Chhidda Singh. Modern techniques of raising field crops
3. Ghadekar, S.R. Meteorology.
4. Kakade, J.R. Agricultural climatology
5. Lenka, D. Climate, weather and crops in India
6. Mavi, H.S. Introduction to Agro-meteorology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
7. Moracban, Y. B. Crop Production and Management. Oxford and IBH Publisher Co. Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi Reddy, S. R. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
8. Morachan, Y.B. Crop production and management. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Rajendra Prasad. Field crops
10. Reddy, S.R. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
11. Singh S.S. Principles and Practices of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
12. Singh, S. S. Crop Management under irrigated and rainfed condition. Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi
13. Vaidya, V.G., K.R. Sahasrabuddhe and V.S. Khuspe. Crop Production and Field
Experimentation. Continental Prakashan, Pune.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

Paper II: INTRODUCTORY AGROMETEROLOGY

10
Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour
Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.

Theory
Section A
1. Agro-meteorology - definition, practical utility and scope. General climatology.
Structure and composition of earth's atmosphere.
2. Elements and factors of weather and climate - temperature, pressure, wind, solar
radiation and moisture.
3. Impact of climate on crops and livestock distribution and production.
4. Meteorological factors in photosynthesis, respiration and net assimilation.

Section B

1. Agro-climatic indices - definitions and applications in agriculture. Effect of

environmental factors on crop growth.
2. Weather hazards in agriculture. Climatic classifications. Agro-climatic zones of Punjab
and agro-ecological zones of India.
3. Basics of field microclimate modification. Introduction to monsoons, crop weather
calendar.
4. Elementary aspects of weather forecasting. Agronet advisories and weather forecasting
techniques. Climate change and agriculture.

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

1. Site selection for Agro-meteorological Observatory.

2. Project on setting up, recording and maintenance of instruments in a meteorological
observatory.
3. Measurement of temperature, rainfall, evaporation, atmospheric pressure, sunshine
duration, solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed and relative humidity.
4. Study of weather forecasting and synoptic charts.
5. Processing, presentation and interpretation of climatic data in relation to crops.
6. Preparation of crop weather calendar.

Reference Book:
1. Agriculture Meteorology by A. S. Mavi. Kalyani
2. General Climatology by Critbbfierd & Hewarda. Published by Prentice Hall
3. Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics by J. D. Yeade. Published by John Wiley & Sons

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4. The Earth and its Atmosphere by D. R. Bates. Basic Books, Inc., New York USA, 1957.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

Paper III: FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE

12
Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour
Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire
section C.

Theory
Section A

1. Concept of land, soil and soil science. Composition of earth crust and its relationship
with soils.
2. Rocks and minerals. Weathering. Soil forming factors and processes. Soil profile. Soil
colour.
3. Elementary knowledge of taxonomic classification of soils. Soil and soil components.
Physical properties of soil, soils of Punjab and India.
4. Soil texture– textural classes. Soil structure– classification, soil aggregation and
significance, soil consistency, soil crusting, bulk density and particle density of soils
and porosity, their significance and manipulation.

Section B

1. Soil colloids– properties, nature, types and significance. Sources of charges in clay
minerals.
2. Soil microorganisms. Soil and water pollution. Soil organic matter–decomposition,
mineralization and humus.
3. Soil reactions acidic, saline, alkaline and alkali soil and their reclamation. Soil testing
for recommendation purpose.
4. Ion exchange, CEC, AEC – factors affecting and adsorption of ions. Carbon cycle, C: N
ratio. Soil organisms and their beneficial and harmful roles.

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

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1. Determination of bulk density and particle density.
2. Aggregate size analysis. Soil mechanical analysis.
3. Analytical chemistry– basic concepts, techniques and calculations, collection and
processing of soil samples for analysis of organic carbon, pH, EC, available N, P, K and
S.
4. Study of a soil profile. Identification of rocks and minerals.
5. Collection of soil sample from the field crop.
6. Determination of pH soil sample.
7. Determination of moisture in given soil sample.
8. Estimation of available nitrogen in given soil sample.
9. Estimation of available phosphorus in given soil sample.
10. Estimation of available potassium in given soil sample.
11. Determination of bulk density and particle density.
12. Study of a soil profile in rocks and minerals.
13. Visit to a soil testing laboratory.
14. Interpretation of soil test reports.

Reference Book:
1. A text book of Soil Science – T.D. Biswas& S.K. Mukherjee Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company.
2. Conception,Application of Pedology – J.L. Sehgal.
3. Fundamentals of Soil Science – Indian Society of Soil Science.
4. Fundamentals of Soil Science Wiley Eastern PVT LTD New Delhi, Roth HD and Turk L H.
5. Introduction to soil Physics –D. Hillel.
6. Manures and Fertilizer, Agri/ KA Publishing Co Nagpur, Yawalkar, KS Aggarwal, JP and
Bakele S.
7. Soil Physics – B.P.Ghildyal and R.P.Tripathy.
8. Soil theory chemistry and Fertility in tropical Asia, Prentice hall of PVT LTD, New Delhi India
Tenhane R.V. Motiramani, DP, Bali VP and Dohhahue Royl.
9. The Nature and properties of Soil Mcmillan publishing Co. New Delhi, Brady, Nylkse CC :
10. The nature and properties of soils-N.C.Brady and Ray R.Weil, Pearson Publications

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

14
 Paper IV: INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour

Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire
section C.

Theory
Section -A

1. Definition and its applied areas, discovery of microorganisms and their role in
agriculture. Germ theory of disease and protection.
2. Structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell, major groups of eukaryotes, fungi, algae
and protozoa.
3. Major groups of prokaryotes, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, arhaebacteria, rickettsias
and Chlamydia, bacterial growth.
4. Metabolism in bacteria, ATP generation, chemoautotrophy, photo-autotrophy,
respiration, fermentation, bacteriophages, structure and properties, lytic and lysogenic
cycles, viriods, prions, genetic recombinations.

Section -B

1. Microbial groups in soil, microbial transformation of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and

sulphur, microbes in composting.
2. Microbiology of water and food, beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, bio-
fertilizers, microbial pesticides, biodegradation, plant, microbe interactions.
3. Introduction to mushrooms and mushroom growing, edible and poisonous mushrooms,
cultivation technology of mushrooms.
4. Biological Nitrogen fixation, role of microorganisms in food, dairy and fermentation
industries and waste water treatment, microorganisms as food. Biogas

15
 PRACTICAL

Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

1. Familiarization with instruments and other materials in a Microbiological

laboratory.
2. Practice of aseptic methods on nutrient broth, slants and agar plates.
3. Methods of sterilization and preparation of media and glassware.
4. Sterilization of nutrient broth by filtration. Plating methods for isolation and
purification of bacteria.
5. Identification of bacteria by staining methods.
6. Enumeration of bacteria by staining, pour plate and spread plate methods.
7. Cultivation technology of mushrooms.
8. Tissue culture preparation and maintenance of edible fungi.
9. Spawn production for mushroom.

Books Recommended:

1. Davis, B.D. Dullbecco : Microbiology: 4th Ed. Harper & Row,

R. Elisena dn Ginsberg Publishers, Singapore.
H.S. (1990)
2. Tortora, G.J. Funke, B.R. : Microbiology : An introduction:
and case, C.L. (1994) 5th Ed. The Benjamin/Cunnings Publishing
Company, Inc.
3. Stainer, R.Y. (1995) : General Microbiology. MacMillan Press,
London.
4. Pelezar , M.T. (1995) : Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing, New Delhi.
5. Schlegel , H.G. (1995) : General Microbiology 7th Ed., Cambridge Uni.,
Press.
6. Prescott and Dunn (1999) : Industrial Microbiology 4th Ed. By S.K. Jain
for CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
7. Purobit,S.S. (2000) : Microbiology: Fundamental and
Applications (6th Ed). Agrobios, (India).
8. Postagate, J. (2000) : Microbes & MAN 4TH Ed, Cambridge Uni.,
Press.
9. Tortora G.J. Funke : Microbiology: An introduction.
B.R. 2001 Benjamin Cummings.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

Paper V: INTRODUCTORY AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

16
Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

Duration of the Paper: 3 Hours Internal Assessment 25

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will
have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks
each. Section C will consist of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire
syllabus uniformly and will carry 1½ marks each.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire
section C.
Theory
Section -A
1. Agricultural economics: Meaning, definition, subject matter, basic economic concepts.
2. Wants: Meaning and characteristics. Theory of consumption– marginal utility analysis.
3. Demand: Meaning, definition, kinds of demand, law of demand, change in demand.
Elasticity of demand– various types, degrees, methods of measurement, importance and
factors influencing elasticity of demand.
4. Consumer’s surplus: meaning definition, importance, welfare Economics, meaning,
Pareto’s optimality.
Section -B

1. Agriculture production economics-factors-product relationship, factors relationship,

product relationship, returns to scale, production function.
2. National Income– concepts, measurement, meaning, definition, importance. Perfect and
Imperfect competition– definition, types and characteristics.
3. Public finance: meaning, principle, public resources. Taxes: meaning, classification
cannons of taxation.
4. Public expenditure: meaning principles. Inflation – Meaning, definition, kinds of
inflation.
Reference Book:
1. Agricultural Economics Reddy and Raghuram Oxford and IBH
2. Dewett, K.K. : Modern Economics Theory, Premier Publishing Co. Delhi.
3. Jather & Berry : Elementary Principles of Economics.
4. Samuelson : Economics & Introductory Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
5. Sen, D.N. : Elementary Economics (Text Book), Calcutta.
B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

PAPER VI: ENGLISH

Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

17
Duration of the Paper: 3 Hours Internal Assessment 25

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will have Four questions
and will carry 30 marks . Section B will consist of four questions and will carry 30 marks. Section C
will consist of 15 very short-answers type questions and will carry 15 marks in all.

Section A

Text Prescribed: Prose Parables. Orient Black Swan, 2013.

The following stories are not to be studied: 01-08

Testing

1) One essay type question with an internal alternative based on Character, Summary, Significance
of the title.
15

2) Short answer questions. Five questions to be attempted out of the given eight in about 50-60
words each.
10

3) Explain with reference to context any one paragraph out of the given two paragraphs. 5

Section B

Text Prescribed: The Student's Companion: Wilfred D. Best

Testing:

4) One unseen comprehension passage of about 300 words. The student is expected to attempt
all the given five questions pertaining to the passage carrying 2 marks each.
10

5) Correction of Sentences: The student is expected to attempt any 10 sentences out of the given 12.

1
0

6) Idioms: The student is expected to give the meaning of any 5 idioms out of the given 8 and use
them in meaningful sentences. 5

7) Misspelt Words: The student is expected to attempt any 5 words out of the given 8. 5

Section C
Section C will cover the entire syllabus. All 15 questions to be answered in one sentence each.

15x1=15

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

18
19
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I
Paper VII-B Mudla Gian
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ (ਮੁੱ ਢਲਾ ਗਿਆਨ) ਭਾਗ-ਪਹਿਲਾ
2016-17 ਸੈ਼ਸ਼ਨ ਲਈ

ਸਮੈਸਟਰ ਪਹਿਲਾ

ਕੁਲ ਅੰ ਕ : 100 ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 35

ਅੰ ਦਰੂਨੀ ਮੁਲਾਂਕਣ : 25 ਅੰ ਕ ਅੰ ਦਰੂਨੀ ਮੁਲਾਂਕਣ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 09
ਬਾਹਰੀ ਪਰੀਖਿਆ: 75 ਅੰ ਕ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਪਰੀਖਿਆ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 26
ਸਮਾਂ : 3 ਘੰ ਟੇ (ਅਧਿਆਪਨ: 50 ਪੀਰੀਅਡ, 6 ਪੀਰੀਅਡ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ
ਹਫਤਾ)

ਭਾਗ-ੳ (1). ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ ਤੇ ਲੇਖਣ-ਪ੍ਰਬੰ ਧ

(ੳ) ਅੱ ਖਰ ਸਿੱ ਖਿਆ: ਤਰਤੀਬਵਾਰ ਤੇ ਭੁਲਾਵੇਂ ਅੱ ਖਰ।
(ਅ) ਅੱ ਖਰ ਬਣਤਰ: ਅੱ ਖਰ ਰੂਪ ਤੇ ਲੇਖਣ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ। 10 ਅੰ ਕ
(2). ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਅੱ ਖਰ ਤੇ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰ ਧ
(ੳ) ਸਵਰ ਤੇ ਵਿਅੰ ਜਨ: ਵਰਗੀਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਤੇ ਉਚਾਰਨ।
(ਅ) ਸਵਰ ਸੂਚਕ ਅੱ ਖਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
(ੲ) ਵਿਅੰ ਜਨ ਸੂਚਕ ਅੱ ਖਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
(ਸ) ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
(ਹ) ਲਗਾਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ। 10 ਅੰ ਕ

ਭਾਗ- ਅ (1). ਲਿਪੀ ਦੇ ਅੱ ਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ

(ੳ) ਪੂਰੇ ਤੇ ਅੱ ਧੇ ਅੱ ਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ।

(ਅ) ਸਵਰ ਸੂਚਕ ਅੱ ਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
(ੲ) ਸਵਰ ਵਾਹਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
(ਸ) ਮਾਤਰਾ ਤੇ ਸਵਰ ਵਾਹਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਾਂਝੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ।
(ਹ) ਮਾਤਰਾ ਦੀ ਵਿਅੰ ਜਨ ਸੂਚਕਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਵਰਤੋਂ। 10 ਅੰ ਕ
(2). ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣ ਪਛਾਣ

(ੳ) ਗਿਣਤੀ
(ਅ) ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਦੇ ਦਿਨ
(ੲ) ਮਹੀਨਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ
(ਸ) ਰੰ ਗਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ
(ਹ) ਫਲਾਂ-ਸਬਜ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ
(ਕ) ਪਸ਼ੂ-ਪੰ ਛੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ
(ਖ) ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ-ਨਾਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਬੰ ਧ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ
(ਗ) ਘਰੇਲੂ ਵਸਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ 15 ਅੰ ਕ

ਭਾਗ-ੲ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਿਲੇਬਸ ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਤ ਆਬਜੈਕਟਿਵ ਟਾਈਪ /ਸੰ ਖੇਪ ਉਤਰਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ। 15x2=30 ਅੰ ਕ

20
 ਅੰ ਕ ਵੰ ਡ ਤੇ ਪੇਪਰ ਸੈੱਟਰ ਲਈ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ

1. ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਵਾਰ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਸਿੱ ਖ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਤੋਂ ਅਨਜਾਣ
ਹੋਣ। ਸੋ
ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਪੱ ਧਰ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੀਮਾ ਨੂੰ ਧਿਆਨ ਵਿੱ ਚ ਰੱ ਖ ਕੇ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ।
2. ਸਾਰੇ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿੱ ਚੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ।
3. ਸਰਲ ਤੇ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ।
4. ਵਰਣਾਤਮਕ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਨਾ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ।
5. ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਨੂੰ ਲਿਪੀ ਦਾ ਬੋਧ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ, ਲਿਪੀ ਚਿੰ ਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਸਬੰ ਧੀ ਸੰ ਖੇਪ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ
ਪੁੱ ਛੇ
ਜਾਣ। ਲੋੜ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਛੋਟ ਜਾਂ ਚੋਣ ਦੇਣੀ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਹੈ।
6. ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿੱ ਚੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ। ਲੋੜ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਚੋਣ ਅਤੇ ਛੋਟ ਦਿੱ ਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ।

ਸਹਾਇਕ ਪਾਠ ਸਮੱ ਗਰੀ

1. ਸਤਿਨਾਮ ਸਿੰ ਘ ਸੰ ਧੂ, ਆਓ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿਖੀਏ, ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ, 2009.
(ਹਿੰ ਦੀ ਤੋਂ
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿੱ ਖਣ ਲਈ)
2. ਸਤਿਨਾਮ ਸਿੰ ਘ ਸੰ ਧੂ, ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਸਿੱ ਖੋ, ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ, 2011. (ਅੰ ਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ
ਤੋਂ
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿਖਣ ਲਈ)
3. ਸੀਤਾ ਰਾਮ ਬਾਹਰੀ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿਖੀਏ, ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ, 2002 (ਹਿੰ ਦੀ)
ਰਾਜਵਿੰ ਦਰ ਸਿੰ ਘ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਸੀ.ਡੀ. (ਕੰ ਪਿਊਟਰ ਐਪਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਟੂ-ਲਰਨ ਐਂਡ ਟੀਚ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ), ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ
ਬਿਊਰੋ,
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ 2011.
5. Hardev Bahri, Teach Yourself Punjabi, Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 2011.
6. Henry A. Gleason and Harjeet Singh Gill, A Start in Punjabi, Publication Bureau, Punjabi
University,
Patiala, 1997.
7. Ujjal Singh Bahri and Paramjit Singh Walia, Introductory Punjabi, Publication Bureau, Punjabi
University, Patiala, 2003.

21
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

VIII (A): MATHEMATICS (For Medical Students)

Max Marks: 100 Theory : 75

Time allowed: 3 Hours Internal Assessment : 25

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will
have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks
each. Section C will consist of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire
syllabus uniformly and will carry 1½ marks in all.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire
section C.
Theory
Section- A
1) Mensuration: Mensuration of rectangles, easy examples of garden paths, cost of planting
trees and fencing gardens. Area of right angled triangles area and height of isosceles and
equilateral triangles, area of triangles in terms of sides, rent of field. Area of
parallelograms, rhombus, quadrilateral and trapenoid. Regular polygons with emphasis
on hexagon and octagon. Simple cases of similar figures. Circumference and area of
circles. Circular rings. Cost of fencing circular fields and paths.

2) Mensuration: Volumes of cubes and rectangular solids. Cubic contents of tanks and
cisterns. Volumes of triangular and rectangular prisms, right circular cylinders and
segments of cylinders. (N. B. Easy numerical examples bearing on Science of agriculture
only to be set. Proofs of formulae not required.)

3) Algebra: Solution of quadratic equations and of those reducible to quadratic equation.

(One variable). Theory of quadratic equations. Relation between roots and co-efficients.

Section- B
1) Algebra: Series: nth terms sum to n terms of an A. P. and G. P. nth term of an H. P.
(excluding means and problems on numbers etc.). Permutation and combinations: simple
problems only. (Proofs of formulae not required). Binomial theorem, statement for any
index: Expansion particular term coefficient of n, summation of simple infinite series
evaluation cube root etc. correct to a certain place of decimal.

2) Co-ordinate Geometry:

(1) The point-distance and section formulae area of a triangle.

(2) The straight line equation in the following standard forms:

22
 x y
x=a, y=b, y=mx, y=mx+c, + =1,
a b

x-x´ y-y´
y-y´=m (x-x´) -------- -----------
x´´-x y´´-y´

Reduction of equation ax+by+c=0: to (a) slope x cos Ѳ+y sin Ѳ = p (b) intercept form (c)
perpendicular form (only method of reduction and not proof); point of intersection and,
concurrence, Angle of intersection of lines y=m x+c, Y=m 2x+c2, and equations of line (a)
parallel and (b)2 perpendicular to a given line and passing through a given point.

(3) The circle- equation when (i) centre and radius given. (ii) Passes through three points
(iii) extremities of a diameter given; the equation x 2+y2+2qx+2cy+c=0 represents circle,
center and radius, equations of the tangents and normal at any point of circle (only use
formula no proof).

Reference Books :

1. Algebra by D. C. Kapoor & Gurbax Singh

2. Algebra by T. N. Nagpal & K. K. Gupta.
3. Comprehensive Calculus by R. S. Dehiya.
4. New Style Calculus for T. D. C. – I.
5. New Style Co-ordinator Geometry by R. K. Sondhi
6. Trignometry by Jiwan
7. Mensuration by Pic Point.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester I

23
 VIII (B) BASIC BOTANY (For Non-Medical Students)

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour

Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.
Section –A

1. Classification and introduction to different groups of the plant kingdom, a general

outline of the studies of an angiosperm, Life cycle of a flowering plant; annuals,
biennials and perennials.
Morphology: Structure of seeds of: Gram, Maize, and their germination; types of
germination.
2. Anatomy: An elementary account of the various tissues and their functions, internal
structure of a stem (Dicot and Monocot), root and leaf.
3. Roots: External characters and functions, types of root systems and their bearing on
agriculture practices. Major modifications of root systems and their significance.
Stem: External characters and functions, Major modifications of stem.
Leaf: Parts of a typical leaf and their functions; simple and compound leaves and their
functions, venation and modifications of leaves; uses of leaves.
4. Inflorescence: Elementary knowledge of simple and special types of inflorescences.
Flower: Structure and functions of floral parts, modifications, floral diagram, floral
formulae and vertical section of a flower, structure of the thalamus and insertion of the
floral appendages on the thalamus, placentation.

Section –B
1. Pollination: Types of pollinations, agencies responsible (Anemophily and
Entomophily) for pollination, contrivances for cross pollination.
Fertilization: Fertilization and seed formation.
Structure of Orthotropus, and Anatropous ovule, Embryo in Capsella only.
Reproduction in Plants: Vegetative, and sexual reproduction their merits and
demerits. Natural and Artificial methods.

24
 2. Fruits: Elementary knowledge of fruits, dispersal of seeds and fruits with examples
from Punjab what so ever is possible.
3. Classification: Diagnostic characters (floral) and economic importance of following
families with reference to the type mentioned (taxonomy of the other genera is beyond
the scope of this paper).
A. Cruciferae: Brassica, Raphanus
B. Malvaceae: Gossypium, Hibiscus
C. Rutaceae: Citrus
D. Rosaceae: Rose,
4. Classification: Diagnostic characters (floral) and economic importance of following
families with reference to the type mentioned (taxonomy of the other genera is beyond
the scope of this paper)
A. Leguminosae: Pisum, Cassia, Acacia
B. Cucurbitaceae: Luffa
C. Compositae: Helianthus
D. Solanaceae: Capsicum, Petunia
E. Graminaeae: Triticum

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours
1. Study of the form and structure of seeds, stems, leaves and buds of important field and
garden crops. (According to those in Theory).
2. Study of the structure of flower and main types of inflorescences.
3. Study of the fruits dispersal of Agricultural importance.
4. Microscopic examination of roots, stem and leaf (slides).
5. Study of the characters of the important plants covered in the theory.

Reference Books

1. L. D. Dutta: Text Book of Botany (Latest Ed.)

2. Vidyarthi: Text Book of Botany Part – I.
3. Widge & Bhatia: Introduction of Botany.

25
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II
Paper IX : FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE
Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour
Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire
section C.

Theory
Section A

1. Horticulture-Its definition and branches, importance and scope. Horticultural and

botanical classification; climate and soil for horticultural crops.
2. Plant propagation-methods and propagating structures; Natural and artificial methods of
plant propagation.
3. Principles and methods of training and pruning.
4. Pollination, pollinizers and pollinators; fertilization and parthenocarpy.
Section B

1. Juvenility and flower bud differentiation, unfruitfulness.

2. Kitchen gardening; garden types and parts; lawn making.
3. Use of plant bio-regulators in horticulture. Irrigation & fertilizers application-method
and quantity.
4. Principles of orchard management, soil culture, quality and its management for orchard
plantation. Effect of soil organic matter on physico- chemical characteristics of the soil.

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours
1. Identification of garden tools.
2. Identification of horticultural crops.
3. Preparation of seed bed/nursery bed.
4. Practice of sexual and asexual methods of propagation.
5. Layout and planting of orchard plants.
6. Training and pruning of fruit trees.
7. Transplanting and care of vegetable seedlings.
8. Making of herbaceous and shrubbery borders.

26
9. Preparation of potting mixture, potting and repotting.
10. Fertilizer application in different crops.
11. Visits to commercial nurseries/orchard.

Reference Books
1. Adams, C.R. and M. P. Early. 2004. Principles of horticulture. Butterworth –Heinemam,
Oxford University Press.
2. Bansil. P.C. 2008. Horticulture in India. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi. Kumar,
N.1997. Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publication, Nagercoil.
3. Bhattacharjee.S.K. 2006. Amenity Horticulture, Biotechnology and Post harvest technology.
Pointer publishers. Jaipur
4. Chadha, K.L. 2001, Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.
5. Chandra, R. and M. Mishra. 2003. Micropropagation of horticultural crops. International Book
Distributing Co., Lucknow.
6. Chattopadhyaya, P.K.2001. A text book on Pomology (Fundamentals of fruit growing) Kalyani
Publication, New Delhi
7. Christopher, E.P. 2001. Introductory Horticulture, Biotech Books, New Delhi
8. Edmond, J.B. T.L.Senn, F.S. Andrews and P.G.Halfacre, 1975. Fundamentals of Horticulture,
Tata MC. Graw Hill Publishing Co.New Delhi
9. George Acquaah, 2002, Horticulture-principles and practices. Prentice-Half of India pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
10. Hartman, H.T. and Kester, D.E. 1986. Plant propagation – Principles and Practices – Prentice
Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi.

27
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II
Paper X - FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour
Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.

Theory
Section A
1. Definition, objectives, history, terms and concept of plant pathology.
2. General characters of fungi, bacteria, fastidious bacteria, nematodes, phytoplasmas,
spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and phanerogamic parasites.
3. Survival and dispersal of plant pathogens, Phenomenon of infection.
4. Study of Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Meloidogyne and Anguina. Defence
mechanisms in plants. Plant disease epidemiology and forecasting.
Section B

1. Study of genera Pythium, Phytophthora, Albugo, Sclerospora, Peronosclerospora,

Pseudoperonospora, Peronospora, Plasmopara, Bremia, Mucor, Rhizopus,
Oidium,Erysiphe, Phyllactinia, Uncinula, Podosphaera, Puccinia, Uromyces, Hemileia,
Sphacelotheca,
2. Study of Ustilago, Tolyposporium, Agaricus, Pleurotus, Ganoderma, Septoria,
Colletotrichum, Pestalotia, Pyricularia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma,
Fusarium, Drechslera, Alternaria, Stemphyllium, Cercospora, Phaeoisariopsis,
Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, xanthomonas, pseudomonas, meloidogyne and anguina.
3. Defence mechanism in plants, Plant disease epidemiology and forecasting. General
principles of plant disease management, Plant quarantine and inspection.
4. Genetic, cultural, biological, physical and chemical methods of plant disease
management. Integrated plant disease management.

28
 PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

1. Acquaintance to plant pathology laboratory equipments.

2. Preparation of culture media for fungi and bacteria.
3. Isolation techniques and preservation of plant disease samples.
4. Study of important plant pathogenic genera.
5. Demonstration of Koch's postulates.
6. Study of different groups of fungicides and antibiotics.
7. Bio-control of plant pathogens.

Reference Books
1. Alexopolues, : Introductory Mycology
2. B.P. Pandey : Plant Pathology
3. Chattopadhyaya, SB
4. G.L. Chopra : Fungi
5. Mundkur, C.T. B.B. & : Fungi and Plant Diseases
6. R.P. Singh : Plant Pathology
7. Singh, RS : Plant Diseases

29
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II
Paper-XI : FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour

Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.
Theory
Section A

1. Biochemistry Introduction, Scope and importance. Cell organelles and their function.
2. Water and its properties. Biomolecules, structure, function and properties of
carbohydrates, lipids and fatty acid.
3. Biomolecules: structure, function and properties of Amino acids, protein and nucleic
acid.
4. Enzyme-Classification, factors affecting activity, immobilization and other industrial
application.
Section B

1. Metabolism– basic concepts, Glycolysis. Citric acid Cycle, Pentose phosphate pathway.
2. Oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation. General reaction of amino acid
degradation.
3. Biosynthesis– Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
4. Metabolic regulation Secondary metabolites– terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics and their
applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

PRACTICAL

30
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours
1. Amino acid models (Atomic) Paper electrophoresis for the separation of plant pigments.
2. Protein denaturation. Protein estimation.
3. Enzyme kinetics, Estimation of nucleic acids. Extraction of oil from oilseed.
4. Characterization of lipids by Thin Layer Chromatography.
5. Estimation of fatty acids by Gas Liquid Chromatography Models of sugars.
6. Quantitative determination of sugars. Paper chromatography for the separation of
sugars.
7. Determination of phenols.

Reference Book:
1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.C. and Stryer, L. (2002). Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman & Co., New
York.
2. Conn, E.C., Stumpf, P.K., Bruening, G and Doi, R.H. (2005). Outlines of Biochemistry. John
Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore
3. Jain, J.L. (2000) Fundamentals of Biochemistry Chand & Co., New Delhi.
4. Moran, L.A., Horton, R.A., Scrimgeour, G. and Perry, M. (2012). Principles of Biochemistry 5 th
edition, Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (2006) Lehingers Principles of Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman &
Co., New York.
6. Powar, C.B. and Chatwal, G.R. (1986). Biochemistry. Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
7. Rao, K.R. (1986). Text book of biochemistry.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II

31
 Paper XII : PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour

Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.
Theory
Section – A

1. Study of chromosome structure, morphology, number and types, Karyotype and

Idiogram.
2. Mendel’s laws of inheritance, types of gene action, qualitative and quantitative traits.
Multiple factor hypothesis, cytoplasmic inheritance.
3. Mutations, methods of inducing mutations and detection of sex linked and autosomal
mutations, ClB technique.
4. Crossing over and factors affecting it. Mechanism of crossing over and cytological
proof of crossing over, linkage and estimation of linkage.

Section – B

1. Gene expression and differential gene activation, Lac and Trp operon and fine structure
of gene.
2. Mitosis and meiosis. DNA and RNA: its structure, function, types, modes of
replication.
3. Transcription, translation, genetic code and outline of protein synthesis.
4. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Evolution of different crop species
like cotton, wheat and Brassicas.

32
 PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours
1. Microscopy. Preparation and use of fixatives and stains for light microscopy.
2. Identification of various stages of mitosis and meiosis.
3. Monohybrid, Dihybrid and Trihybrid ratios and their modifications.
4. Chi–square analysis and Interaction of factors.
5. Epistatic factors, additive factors and Inhibitory factors.
6. Linkage– two point and three point test cross.

Reference Book:
1. Fundamentals of Genetics -B. D. Singh Kalyani Publisher
2. Genes - B. Lewin Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
3. Genetics - M. W. Strickberger (McMillan, New York)
4. Genetics Gupta PK. Rastogi Publications.
5. Principles of Genetics - E. J.Gardner, M. J.Simmons and D. P. Snustad
6. Principles of Genetics - E.W.Sinnott, L.C.Dunn, T.Dobzhansky

33
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II
Paper XIII : PLANT PROPAGATION & NURSERY MANAGEMENT

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour

Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.
Theory
Section – A

1. Need and potentialities of plant propagation. Sexual and asexual methods of

propagation and their advantages and disadvantages.

2. Seed dormancy; causes (internal and external factors) and methods of breaking
dormancy. Apomixes, polyembryony, chimera and bud sprouts.

3. Propagation structures; mist chamber, humidifier, greenhouses, glasshouses, poly-

houses, cold frames and hot beds. Nursery tools and implements.

4. Use of growth regulators in propagation. Methods of vegetative propagation; cutting,

layering, grafting and budding. Physiological and biochemical basis of rooting.

Section – B

1. Factors influencing rooting of cuttings and layering. Graft incompatibility; anatomical

studies of graft/ bud union and scion-stock relationships and their influences.
2. Selection and maintenance of mother trees, collection of scion wood sticks, bud wood
certification.
3. Nursery Registration Act.
4. Techniques of propagation through specialized organs; corms, runners, suckers, etc.
Micro-propagation and hardening of plants in nurseries.

34
 PRACTICAL
Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours
1. Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds and mist chambers.
2. Preparation of nursery beds and sowing of seeds.
3. Raising of rootstocks.
4. Seed treatments for breaking seed dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling growth.
Practicing different types of cutting, layering, grafting and budding techniques.
5. Use of mist chamber for propagation and hardening of plants.
6. Preparation and application of plant growth regulator solutions for seed germination and
vegetative propagation.
7. Digging, labeling and packing of nursery plants.
8. Maintenance of nursery records. Maintenance of mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse
and poly-house.
9. Application of nutrients and plant protection measures in fruit nursery.

Reference Book:
1. Bose TK, Mitra SK, Sadhu MK and Das P (1997) Propagation of Tropical and Sub tropical
Horticultural Crops. IInd Edition, Naya Prakash, Calcutta.
2. Sharma RR (2002) Propagation of Horticultural crops: Principles and Practices. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Hartman HT, Kester DE and Davies FT (1993) Plant propagation: Principles and Practices. 5th
Edition. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

35
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II
PAPER XIV : ENGLISH
Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

Duration of the Paper: 3 Hours Internal Assessment 25

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A will have three questions
and will carry 30 marks in all. Section B will have four questions and will carry 30 marks in all.
Section C will consist of 15 very short-answer type questions and will carry 15 marks in all.

Text Prescribed: The Poetic Pallette. Orient Black Swan, 2013.

Poems 1-10.
Section A
1) One essay type question with an alternative choice based on main ideas/summary of the poem.

15

2) One stanza out of two to be explained with reference to context. 5

3) Short answer type questions. Five questions to be attempted out of the given eight in about 50-60
words. 5 X 2=10

Section B
Text prescribed: The Written Word: Vandana R Singh
The Student’s Companion: Wilfred D. Best

1) Resume writing
10

2) Letter writing (Personal and official letter)

10

3) Paragraph Writing 5

4) Antonyms, Synonyms 5

Section C
This section will cover the entire syllabus. All 15 very short answer type questions to be attempted
in one sentence. 15x1=15

36
 B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II

Paper No. XV-B Mudla Gian
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ (ਮੁੱ ਢਲਾ ਗਿਆਨ) ਭਾਗ-ਪਹਿਲਾ
2014-15, 2015-16 ਅਤੇ 2016-17 ਸੈ਼ਸ਼ਨ ਲਈ
ਸਮੈਸਟਰ ਦੂਜਾ

37
ਕੁਲ ਅੰ ਕ : 100 ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 35
ਅੰ ਦਰੂਨੀ ਮੁਲਾਂਕਣ : 25 ਅੰ ਕ ਅੰ ਦਰੂਨੀ ਮੁਲਾਂਕਣ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 09
ਬਾਹਰੀ ਪਰੀਖਿਆ: 75 ਅੰ ਕ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਪਰੀਖਿਆ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪਾਸ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 26
ਸਮਾਂ : 3 ਘੰ ਟੇ (ਅਧਿਆਪਨ: 50 ਪੀਰੀਅਡ, 6 ਪੀਰੀਅਡ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ
ਹਫਤਾ)
ਭਾਗ-ੳ (1). ਸ਼ਬਦ ਪ੍ਰਬੰ ਧ: ਸ਼ਬਦ ਜੋੜਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ
(ੳ) ਦੋ ਅੱ ਖਰੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ
(ਅ) ਤਿੰ ਨ ਅੱ ਖਰੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ
(ੲ) ਬਹੁ ਅੱ ਖਰੀ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਜੋੜ 15 ਅੰ ਕ
(2). ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਰੇਣੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਵਿਆਕਰਨਕ ਵਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ
(ੳ) ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਰੇਣੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ, ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ
(ਨਾਂਵ, ਪੜਨਾਂਵ, ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ, ਕਿਰਿਆ, ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ ਆਦਿ)
(ਅ) ਵਿਆਕਰਨਕ ਵਰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ
(ਲਿੰ ਗ, ਵਚਨ, ਪੁਰਖ, ਕਾਲ ਆਦਿ) 10 ਅੰ ਕ
ਭਾਗ-ਅ (1). ਸ਼ਬਦ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਵਿਆਕਰਨਕ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ ਦਾ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ
(ੳ) ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ, ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ (ਅਗੇਤਰ, ਪਿਛੇਤਰ, ਸਮਾਸ,
ਦੁਹਰੁਕਤੀ)
(ਅ) ਵਿਆਕਰਨਕ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ ਦਾ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ, ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ (ਵਾਕੰ ਸ਼, ਉਪ-ਵਾਕ ਤੇ ਵਾਕ)
(ੲ) ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਿਆਕਰਨਕ ਮੇਲ: ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਤੇ ਵਿਹਾਰ 10 ਅੰ ਕ

(2). ਵਿਸ਼ਰਾਮ ਚਿੰ ਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਛਾਣ ਤੇ ਵਰਤੋਂ। 10 ਅੰ ਕ

ਭਾਗ-ੲ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਿਲੇਬਸ ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਤ ਆਬਜੈਕਟਿਵ ਟਾਈਪ /ਸੰ ਖੇਪ ਉਤਰਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ। 15x2=30 ਅੰ ਕ
ਅੰ ਕ ਵੰ ਡ ਤੇ ਪੇਪਰ ਸੈੱਟਰ ਲਈ ਹਦਾਇਤਾਂ

1. ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਵਾਰ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਖੀ ਸਿੱ ਖ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਤੋਂ ਅਨਜਾਣ

ਹੋਣ। ਸੋ
ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਪੱ ਧਰ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੀਮਾ ਨੂੰ ਧਿਆਨ ਵਿੱ ਚ ਰੱ ਖਕੇ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ।
2. ਸਾਰੇ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿੱ ਚੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ।

3. ਸਰਲ ਤੇ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ।

4. ਵਰਣਾਤਮਕ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਨਾ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ।

5. ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਮੁੱ ਢਲੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਸਬੰ ਧੀ ਸੰ ਖੇਪ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਪੁੱ ਛੇ ਜਾਣ। ਲੋੜ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ

ਨੂੰ ਛੋਟ ਜਾਂ ਚੋਣ ਦੇਣੀ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਹੈ।

ਸਹਾਇਕ ਪਾਠ ਸਮੱ ਗਰੀ

1. ਸਤਿਨਾਮ ਸਿੰ ਘ ਸੰ ਧੂ, ਆਓ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿਖੀਏ, ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ, 2009.
(ਹਿੰ ਦੀ ਤੋਂ

38
 ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿੱ ਖਣ ਲਈ)
2. ਸਤਿਨਾਮ ਸਿੰ ਘ ਸੰ ਧੂ, ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਸਿੱ ਖੋ, ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ, 2011. (ਅੰ ਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਤੋਂ
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿਖਣ ਲਈ)
3. ਸੀਤਾ ਰਾਮ ਬਾਹਰੀ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਸਿਖੀਏ, ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ, 2002 (ਹਿੰ ਦੀ)
4. ਰਾਜਵਿੰ ਦਰ ਸਿੰ ਘ, ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਸੀ.ਡੀ. (ਕੰ ਪਿਊਟਰ ਐਪਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਟੂ-ਲਰਨ ਐਂਡ ਟੀਚ ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ), ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ
ਬਿਊਰੋ,
ਪੰ ਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਪਟਿਆਲਾ 2011.
5. Hardev Bahri, Teach Yourself Punjabi, Publication Bureau, Punjabi University, Patiala, 2011.
6. Henry A. Gleason and Harjeet Singh Gill, A Start in Punjabi, Publication Bureau, Punjabi University,
Patiala, 1997.
7. Ujjal Singh Bahri and Paramjit Singh Walia, Introductory Punjabi, Publication Bureau, Punjabi
University, Patiala, 2003.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II

XVI (A): MATHEMATICS-II

Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

Time Allowed : 3 Hrs Internal Assessment: 25

39
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will
have four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks
each. Section C will consist of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire
syllabus uniformly and will carry 1½ marks in all.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire
section C.

Theory

Section – A
1) Trignometry: Sexagensimal, centesimal and circular measure of an angle.
Definitions of T-ratio’s and the relations connecting them. T-ratio’s of 0, 6, 45, 60,
90 (no proofs). Evaluation of T-ratio’s of allied angles and 2A, 3A (no proofs) and
easy identities based on them and identities based on the formulae for sin P + sin Q
and cos P – cos Q and their converse conditional identities, relations between the
sides and the angles of a triangle i.e. sine cosine, and projections formulae,
logarithm and their applications (based on the use of tables only) to simplification of
fractions solution of right angled triangles. Solution of oblique angled triangles
when (i) three sides are given (ii) two angles and a side are given (iii) two sides and
an angle are given, graphs of sin x and cos x and reading from graphs.

2) Elementary Calculus: Idea of function and limit, evaluation of the limit algebric,
functions, Lt and Lt sin c. Differentiation of simple algebric trignometric, inverse
trignometric, exponential and logarithmic (Proofs of

d a d
and
dx log (ax+b)= (ax+b) dx (ex)=ex

Theorems on differentiation of the sum, difference, the product & the quotient of functions.
The further differentiation of a simple function of function, differentiation of parametric
functions and of one function with regard to another function (use of transermation
excluded).

Section B
1) Integration of the standard forms as inverse of differentiation.
1 1
xn, (ax+b)n sin x, cosx, sec2 x,
ax+b a2 –x2

40
 1
and and easy, examples based in their applications,
a2+x2

easy applications of the following:

2) Elements of Matrices and determinants. Kinds, Properties of determinants, adjoint

of matrix, Inverse of matrix, Solutions of simultaneous equations; Cramer’s rule,
matrix methods.

Reference Books
1. Algebra by D. C. Kapoor & Gurbax Singh
2. Algebra by T. N. Nagpal & K. K. Gupta.
3. Comprehensive Calculus by R. S. Dehiya.
4. New Style Calculus for T. D. C. – I.
5. New Style Co-ordinator Geometry by R. K. Sondhi
6. Trignometry by Jiwan
7. Mensuration by Pic Point.

B.Sc. AGRICULTURE (HORTICULTURE) Semester II

XVI (B): BASIC ZOOLOGY (For Non Medical Students)

Max Marks: 100 Duration of the Paper: 3 Hour

Theory: 45 Practical: 40
Internal Assessment: 15

41
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each.
Section C will consist of 9 short-answer type questions of 1 mark each which will cover the
entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES
The Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the
entire section C.
Theory

Section – A
1. Introduction to Zoology, characteristics of living organisms. Elementary knowledge
of typical cell, distinction between animal and plant cells, mitotic and meiotic
division in cells, Elementary knowledge of animal tissues. DNA, RNA structure.
2. Zoological nomenclature and principles of classification. General survey of animal
kingdom upto Phylum in Invertebrates and upto Classes in Vertebrates with habits,
and economic significance of important examples. Amoeba, Entamoeba, Sycon,
Plasmodium, Fasciola, Tapeworm, Ascaris, Hirudina, Pharetima, Grasshopper,
Locust, Silkworm, Beetle, Red Cotton, Honey Bee, Bug, Mosquito, House fly,
Unio, Catla, Rohu, Frog, Owl, Snake, Egret, Woodpecker, Hoope, Parrot, Goat,
Horse, Sheep, Rat, Rabbit, (Same specimens included in practical for general
survey).
Section – B
1. Rabbit as a type for brief study of external characters and brief account of functional
anatomy: digestive, circulatory, respiratory, urino-genital, nervous systems.
Animals of economic importance to agriculture.
2. Physiology of respiration, composition of blood and its functions, reproduction and
lactation, structure of skin and heat regulations, elementary account of endocrine
glands – their secretions and functions, sensory organs, their structure and function,
immunity.

PRACTICAL

Max. Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

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1. Study of microscope, its parts and working, study of the prepared slides
(microscope) of: An animals cell, cell division, simple tissue, histology of different
organs, smears of human blood, of mammalian skin. General survey of the animal
kingdom. Identification of local fauna. Study of external characters of rabbit. Study
of external characters of Pigeon and its adaptations for aerial mode of life.
Identification of important skeletal parts of Rabbit.

Note: Only oral examination should be conducted for the skeletal parts of Ox, Goat and
Horse. Study of stomach of goat, dissection of heart and kidney of goat. Collection of local
fauna and its preservation.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Physiology of Farm Animals by Marshall
2. Physiology of Domestic Animals by H. H. Duke.
3. Anatomy of Domestic Animals by Blsson.
4. General Zoology by Sterer.
5. Text Book of Zoology by Vidyarthi.
6. Agricultural Zoology by Dhami.

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