Module 3 Pem 5

Pem 5
Module 3
PERSONALITY AND SPORTS
APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY - Psychodynamic approach
Personality - is the sum of the characteristics that make a - Trait approach

person unique.
- Situational approach
The study of Personality helps us work better with students,
athletes and exercisers. - Interactional approach
- Phenomenological approach
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH
Psychological Core Behavior is determined by several unconscious, constantly
changing factors that often conflict with one another.
- The most basic and deepest attitudes, values,
interest, motives, and self-worth of a person - Emphasis is placed on understanding the person as a
(Example: A person’s religious values) whole rather than identifying isolated traits.
Typical Responses Research Support for Psychodynamic Approach
- The way one typically adjust or responds to the Current impact: Has little influence and hasn’t been
environment (Example: Being happy, shy) adopted by most contemporary sport psychologists.
Role Related Behavior Weakness: Focuses almost entirely on internal

determinants of behavior, giving little attention to the
- How one acts in a particular social situation (Example: social environment.
Behavior as a student, parent, or friend)
Contribution: Has increased awareness that
unconscious determinants of behavior exist.
TRAIT APPROACH
Behavior is determined by relatively stable traits that are
fundamental units of personality.
- These traits predispose one to act in a certain way,

regardless of the situation.
Research Support for Trait Approach
Current impact: Has little influence.
Weakness: Knowing traits will not always help predict

behavior in particular situations.
Contribution: Emphasizes the importance of traits

and the measurement of such dispositions.
SITUATIONAL APPROACH
Behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment.
NAME 1
- The situation is a more important determinant of COGNITIVE STRATEGIES AND MENTAL
behavior than particular personality traits. STRATEGIES
- The situational approach is not as widely embraced Cognitive strategies and mental strategies are among the skills
by most sport psychologists. and behaviors that athletes use in competition.
Research Support for Situational Approach Although they’re not personality traits in the traditional sense,
cognitive strategies reflect the behavior aspect of personality
Current impact: Has little influence. and interact with personality characteristics.
Weakness: Situation will not always influence - Cognitive strategies have been shown to be related to
individual behavior. superior performance in elite sport.
Contribution: Emphasizes the importance of the - Elite athletes show superior ability to cope with
situation adversity and mentally prepare compared to non-elite
athletes.
INTERACTIONAL APPROACH
Behavior is determined by both the person and the situational - Olympic medal-winning wrestlers more often used
factors as well as by their interaction. positive self-talk, had a narrower and more immediate
focus of attention, and were better prepared mentally
- The majority of contemporary sport and exercise for unforeseen negative events.
psychologists favor the interactional approach.
- Mental preparation and planning are critical
Research Support for Interactional Approach components of athletic success.
Current impact: Has considerable influence and has

been adopted by most contemporary sport COGNITIVE STRATEGIES AND ATHLETIC
psychologists. SUCCESS: GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICE
Weakness: None.  Enhance confidence and practice specific plans to deal
with adversity during competition.
Contribution: Emphasizes the consideration of both
trait and situational variables and their interaction.  Practice routines to deal with unusual circumstances and
distractions before and during competition.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH  Concentrate wholly on the upcoming performance and

block out irrelevant events and thoughts.
Behavior is best determined by accounting for situational and
personal characteristics.  Use several mental rehearsals before competition.
- A person’s understanding and interpretation of one’s  Don’t worry about other competitors before a competition;
self and environment are critical. instead, focus on what you can control.
- The phenomenological view is often stressed by  Develop detailed competition plans.

today’s sport psychologists.
 Learn to regulate arousal and anxiety.
Research Support for Phenomenological Approach
Current impact: Has considerable influence and has

been adopted by many contemporary sport
psychologists.
Weakness: None.
Contribution: Emphasizes the contribution of a

person’s interpretation of one’s self and environment
while considering both trait and situational variables
and their interaction.
YOUR ROLE IN UNDERSTANDING PERSONALITY CONSIDER

BOTH PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SITUATIONS.
- Be an informed consumer.
- Be a good communicator.
- Be a good observer.
- Be knowledgeable about mental strategies.
NAME 2

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Pem 5

Personality - is the sum of the characteristics that make a - Trait approach

Typical Responses Research Support for Psychodynamic Approach

Role Related Behavior Weakness: Focuses almost entirely on internal

- These traits predispose one to act in a certain way,

Research Support for Trait Approach

Current impact: Has little influence.

Weakness: Knowing traits will not always help predict

Contribution: Emphasizes the importance of traits

Current impact: Has considerable influence and has

PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH  Concentrate wholly on the upcoming performance and

- The phenomenological view is often stressed by  Develop detailed competition plans.

Current impact: Has considerable influence and has

Contribution: Emphasizes the contribution of a

YOUR ROLE IN UNDERSTANDING PERSONALITY CONSIDER

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