Terminal Area

Planning and Design of the
Terminal Area
Terminal Area
The terminal area is the major interface
between the airfield and the rest of the
airport.
Terminal area includes the facilities for

passenger and baggage processing, cargo
handling and airport maintenance, operations
and administration activities
The Passenger Terminal System
The passenger terminal system is the major
connection between the ground access system
and the aircraft. The purpose of the system is
to provide the interface between the
passenger airport access mode, to process the
passenger for origination , termination or
continuation of the air transportation trip, and
convey the passenger and baggage to and
from the aircraft.
Components of the Passenger
Terminal System
The access interface
The processing system
The flight interface

The Access Interface
The access interface where the passenger
transfers from the access mode of travel to
the passenger processing component,
circulation, parking, and curbside loading and
unloading of passengers are the main
activities that take place within this
component.
The Processing System
The processing component is where the
passenger is processed in preparation for
starting, ending, or circulation of an air
transportation trip. The primary activities that
take place within this component are
ticketing, baggage check-in, baggage claim,
seat assignment, inspection services, and
security.
The Flight Interface
The flight interface is where the passenger
transfers from the processing component to
the aircraft. The activities that occur here
include assembly, conveyance to and from the
aircraft, and aircraft loading and unloading.
The passenger terminal performs three main
functions:
1. Change of mode (one flight to another)
2. Processing
3. Change of movement type (arrival departure

by bus, taxi)
Change of mode
Few air trips are made direct from origin to
destination. By their nature, air trips are
mixed-mode trips, with surface access trips
linked at either end to the line haul air trips. In
changing from one mode to the other, the
passenger physically moves through the
airport terminal according the a prescribed
pattern of movements. The movement
patterns are accommodated by passenger
circulation areas.
Processing
The terminal is a convenient point to carry out
certain processes associated with the air trip.
These may include ticketing and checking in
the passengers, separating them from and
reuniting them with their baggage, and
carrying out security checks and governmental
controls. This function of the terminal requires
passenger processing space.
Change of movement
Although aircraft move passengers in discrete
groups in what is termed “batch movements”,
the same passengers access the airport on an
almost continuous basis, arriving and
departing in small groups mainly by bus, auto,
taxi, and limousine. The terminal therefore
functions on the departure side as a reservoir
that collects passengers continuously and
processes them in batches. On the arrival side,
the pattern is reversed. To perform this
function, the terminal must provide passenger
holding space.
Design Considerations
General design objectives:
1. Development and sizing to accomplish the
stated mission of the airport with the
parameters defined in the master plan.
2. Capability to meet the demands for the
medium- and long-run time frames.
3. Functional, practical, and financial feasibility.
4. Maximize the use of existing facilities
Design Considerations
General design objectives:
5. Achievement of a balanced flow between
access, terminal and airfield facilities during the
peak hour.
6. Consideration of environmental sensitivity
7. Maintenance of the flexibility to meet future
requirements beyond the current planning
horizon.
8. Capability to anticipate and implement
significant improvement in aviation technology.
The Terminal Planning Process
The evolution and development of a terminal
design is performed in a series of integrated
steps. These are:
1. Programming
2. Concept Development
3. Schematic Design
4. Design Development
The Programming Phase
The programming phase defines the
objectives and project scope including the
rationale for the initiation of the study. It
includes a space requirement program,
tentative implementation schedules,
estimates of the anticipated level of capital
investment as well as operating, maintenance
and administrative costs.
Concept Development
In concept development, studies are
undertaken to indentify the overall
arrangement of building components,
functional relationships and the characteristic
of the terminal building.
Schematic Design
Schematic Design translates the concept and
functional relationships into plan drawing
which identify the overall size, shape and
location of spaces required for each function.
Detailed budget estimates are prepared in
schematic design so that comparisons may be
made between the space requirements and
costs.
Design Development
In design development, the size and character
of the entire project is determined and
detailed plans of the specific design and
allocation of space within the complex are
prepared. This phase forms the basis for the
preparation of construction documents,
bidding, construction and final project
implementation.
Horizontal Distribution Concepts for
Passenger Terminals
a) Linear/Open apron
b) Pier
c) Satellite
d) Transporter/Remote apron

Terminal Area

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Planning and Design of the

Terminal area includes the facilities for

The processing system

The flight interface

1. Change of mode (one flight to another)

3. Change of movement type (arrival departure

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