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Electromagnetic Induction (CH-06)

The document discusses electromagnetic induction, including Faraday's law of induction, Lenz's law, motional EMF, mutual induction, self induction, and the energy stored in an inductor. It provides mathematical expressions for induced EMF, mutual inductance, and self inductance.

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48 views7 pages

Electromagnetic Induction (CH-06)

The document discusses electromagnetic induction, including Faraday's law of induction, Lenz's law, motional EMF, mutual induction, self induction, and the energy stored in an inductor. It provides mathematical expressions for induced EMF, mutual inductance, and self inductance.

Uploaded by

kingbossff16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (CH-06)

(CH

MAGNETIC FLUX: It is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing normally through a given surface.

METHODS OF CHANGING THE MAGNETIC FLUX:

As magnetic flux is given by,

Hence it can be changed by- (i) changing magnetic field (B)

(ii) changing area (A) of the surface in the magnetic field

(iii) changing the angle ((𝜃) b/w B & A (rotating coil in magnetic field).

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: When the magnetic flux linked with a closed conducting loop changes, an
emf & hence an electric current is produced in that conducting loop. This phenomenon is called ‘electromagnetic
induction’.
FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION:

The magnitude of the induced emf in a circuit is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit.

Mathematically, magnitude of induced emf is given by,

For coil of N turns,

Here – ve sign shows that the direction of induced emf & hence induced current always tend to oppose the change in
magnetic flux.

LENZ’S LAW & CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: It states that the direction of induced emf & induced current
is always such that it always tends to oppose the change in the magnetic flux due to which it gets induced.

It is based on the law of conservation of energy.

Lenz’s law can be explained such that when a pole of a magnet

approaches the closed loop, the current in loop develops the

similar polarity due to which repulsion occurs & mechanical

energy is needed for the motion.

Similarly when a pole moves away from a closed loop, the

current in the loop develops opposite polarity & hence

mechanical energy is needed to move the magnet further

away from the loop. Hence in each case the motion & hence the change in magnetic flux is opposed by the current
due to which mechanical energy is invested that appears as electric energy in the system.

MOTIONAL EMF: It is the emf induced across the ends of a conductor due to its motion in a magnetic field.
MOTIONAL EMF ACROSS A ROTATING ROD IN A MAGNETIC FIELD:

MUTUAL INDUCTION: When the current in one coil (primary coil) changes, the magnetic flux linked with
another coil (secondary oil) placed near it also changes due to which induced emf & hence induced current appears in
the secondary coil. This phenomenon is called ‘mutual induction’.

Transformer works on this principle.


From expt., it is found that magnetic flux linked with the secondary coil,

Thus mutual inductance or coefficient of mutual induction is defined as the magnitude of induced emf in the
secondary coil due to unit rate of change in current in the primary coil.

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE OF A PAIR OF LONG SOLENOIDS: From figure,


MUTUAL INDUCTNCE OF PAIR OF CIRCULAR LOOPS:

Let there be two concentric circular loops as shown in the figure

Then magnetic flux linked with the inner loop,

SELF INDUCTION: When the current in a conductor changes,

the magnetic flux linked with it also changes due to which an

induced current is produced in the same conductor. This

phenomenon is called self induction.


From expt, it is found that magnetic flux linked with the coil,

Clearly, self inductance is defined as the magnitude of induced emf in a conductor due to unit rate of change in
current in the same conductor.

S.I. unit of L is henry (H) & it is scalar quantity.

SELF INDUCTANCE OF A LONG SOLENOID:

Physical Significance of Self Inductance: Self inductance offers inertia in electromagnetism. It means self
inductance opposes the change in electric current in the circuit. The emf induced due to self induction is called back
emf.

Self or mutual induction occurs as long as the current changes in the circuit.
ENERGY STORED IN AN INDUCTOR: It is the work done against the back emf to establish the electric current
in the circuit.

Magnetic Energy Density: It is the magnetic energy stored per unit volume of an inductor.

Note: If the variable currents i1 & i2 are flowing in two adjacent coils, then the net back emf produced in any of them
will be

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