Review Innovations CE Review for April 2024 - Hydraulics 14

Hydraulic Jump Neglecting velocity of approach:

A hydraulic jump is a type of shock, where the flow undergoes a
sudden transition from swift, thin (shallow) flow to tranquil, thick 2
(deep) flow. Q = C 2gLH3/2
3
éæ 2 ö
3/2
æv 2ö ù
3/2
v
Q = mL êç H + a
÷ -ç a
÷ ú
êç 2g ÷ ç 2g ÷ ú
ëêè ø è ø ûú

Neglecting velocity of approach:

Q = mLH3/2

When C or m is not given, use the Francis formula:

Height of the jump = d2 - d1
Power lost by the jump = Qg(HL) éæ 3/2
æv 2ö ù
3/2
ê v a2 ö
Q = 1.84L ç H + ÷ -ç a
÷ ú
êç 2g ø ÷ ç ÷ ú
Solve HL by writing BE or by drawing the egl ëêè è 2g ø ûú

Solving for Q: Neglecting velocity of approach:

Generally,

Q = 1.84LH3/2
gQ
P2 - P1 = v -v
g 1 2
( ) P = g hA
For contracted sections, replace L by L’
L' = L - 0.1H - for singly contracted
For rectangular section: L' = L - 0.2H - for doubly contracted

q2 d +d
= d1d2 1 2 TRIANGULAR WEIR
g 2

WEIRS 8 q
Q= C 2g tan H5/2
15 2
1 – weir plate
2 – crest
Q = mH5/ 2
3 – approach
4 – nappe
5 – draw down when θ=90°, use m=1.4
drop down
Q = 1.4H5/2

RECTANGULAR WEIR
CIPOLLETTI WEIR
symmetrical, trapezoidal
weir whose sides slope 4 V in 1H
W – channel width
L – weir Length
Z – weir height
Q = 1.86LH3/2
H – weir head

DAMS USED AS WEIR (BROAD-CRESTED)

Q = 1.71LH3/2

L = length of the dam

éæ 2 ö
3/2
æv 2ö ù
3/2
2 v
Q = C 2gL êç H + a ÷ - ç a ÷ ú
3 êç 2g ÷ø ç 2g ÷ ú
ëêè è ø ûú

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( (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194 ( (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
 Review Innovations CE Review for April 2024 - Hydraulics 14
1. A stream having a width of 5.4 m carries 16.5 m3/s at a channel is 2 m ans the bottom of the weir plate is 1.5 m
velocity of 4.2 m/s. from the bottom of the channel, determine the flow rate.
a. What is the Froude number?
b. If hydraulic jump occurs, what is the depth of
water downstream?
c. How much energy is dissipated by the jump?

2. Water is flowing in a 90° triangular channel at a depth of

39 cm. A hydraulic jump occurs. The depth after the jump
is 126 cm.
a. What is the discharge?
b. What is the decrease in specific energy caused by
the jump?
c. What is the head loss in kW?

3. A contracted weir 1.31 m long and 1.26 m high is to be

installed in a channel 2.45 m wide. The depth of water
back of the weir is 2.14 m.
a. What is the amount of flow neglecting the 10. The rectangular channel has a width of 3 m and the depth
velocity of approach? of flow is 1.5 m. Determine the volumetric flow of water
b. What is the amount of flow considering the over the rectangular sharp – crested weir. Take C = 0.83.
velocity of approach?
c. What is the velocity of approach?

4. The rate of flow of water through an open channel is

known at 8 li/s.
a. What is the head if an 80° V-notch weir is used?
C=0.60
b. What is the weir factor?
c. Calculate the percentage error in discharge that
would result if the error in head measurement is
5 mm. 11. A rectangular, sharp-crested weir with end contractions
is 1.4 m long. How high should it be placed in a channel
5. A rectangular flume, 15 m long and 3 m wide, feeds a
to maintain an upstream depth of 2.35 m for 0.40 m3/s
suppressed weir under a head of 0.30 m. If the supply to
flow?
the flume is cut off, how long will it take for the head on
the weir to decrease to 0.1 m

6. Over a hydraulic drop structure in a river 22.8m wide

flows 170 m3/s. On the level apron of the structure the
water flows 0.60 m deep in the rapid state. A hydraulic
jump is to take place in the apron.
a. What is the depth downstream?
b. What will be the critical depth?
c. What is the energy lost in hp?
d. What is the Froude number upstream?

7. A trapezoidal weir 1.5 m long has sides making an angle

of 75°57’50” with the horizontal. What is the amount of
flow if the weir head is 1.0 m?

8. The given figure shows the geometry of a triangular weir.

Calculate the discharge. C=0.589

6) 4.06
1.78
9478.6
5.12
7) 2.79 m3/s
8) 5.575 m3/s
9) 0.247 m3/s
10) 7.35 m3/s
9. The rectangular channel is fitted with a 90° triangular 11) 2.05 m
weir plate. If the upstream depth of the water within the

Manila, Baguio, Cebu FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
( (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194 ( (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998