0% found this document useful (0 votes)
130 views13 Mud Logging
This document provides information about mud logging, including the importance of mud logging, the mud logging crew roles, challenges in interpreting drill cuttings, and mud logging equipment. Mud logging involves monitoring drilling parameters, collecting cuttings samples, and detecting hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide. The crew roles include pressure engineer, data engineer, mud logger, and sample catcher. Interpreting cuttings can be challenging due to issues like cavings, re-circulation, lost circulation materials, and contamination. Mud logging equipment includes data acquisition systems, gas detection systems, and rig sensors that monitor parameters like pump stroke, drawworks, hookload, pressure, rotary speed, and mud properties.
Uploaded by
mfazaeli40Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
130 views13 Mud Logging
This document provides information about mud logging, including the importance of mud logging, the mud logging crew roles, challenges in interpreting drill cuttings, and mud logging equipment. Mud logging involves monitoring drilling parameters, collecting cuttings samples, and detecting hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide. The crew roles include pressure engineer, data engineer, mud logger, and sample catcher. Interpreting cuttings can be challenging due to issues like cavings, re-circulation, lost circulation materials, and contamination. Mud logging equipment includes data acquisition systems, gas detection systems, and rig sensors that monitor parameters like pump stroke, drawworks, hookload, pressure, rotary speed, and mud properties.
Uploaded by
mfazaeli40Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
/ 33
Lecture# 13
Basic
Mud Logging
1
2
Mud Logging
Unit
3
Importance
o Collection of the rock cuttings
o Hydrocarbon gas monitoring while drilling
o Detection of the Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
o Monitoring of the drill fluid volume
o Monitoring of the drilling parameters
o Detection and evaluation of the formation pressure
4
Importance
o Monitoring the drilling fluid properties
o Report on time any up normal drilling conditions
o Detailed core samples description and preparation
of core log preparation
5
Mud Logging
Crew
o Pressure engineer
o Data engineer
o Mud logger
o Sample catcher
6
Pressure Engineer
o Predict and interpret pore pressure, which is used for
drilling safely and casing seat selection
o Need to have knowledge of abnormal formation
pressure competence in formation pressure
evaluation
o Advise on a real time estimated formation pore
pressures and mud weights for safe drilling of
exploration /appraisal wells
7
Data engineer
o Analyzes drilling and logging data to make
recommendations on drilling parameters.
o Document probable hydrocarbon rich pay zones
o Carried out advanced mud logging, hydrocarbon
evaluation, hole hydraulics & well controls courses
o Have competence in analysis of drilling operations
8
Mud logger
o Representative of logging company at well site
o Responsible for maintenance and correct operation
of equipment
o Responsible for collation and presentation of
monitored data to ensure a high quality service
o Need to pass basic mud logging and logging
instrumentation courses
9
Sample Catcher
o Entry level training position for mud loggers.
o Retrieve sample from rig mud system
o Assist mud loggers, data engineers and pressure
engineers
o Ensure correct evaluation of data - accurately
caught geologic samples
10
Lag Application
o A drilled sample is delivered to shale shaker that bit
has penetrated some distance deeper into hole
from the time when that sample was cut loose from
formation
o Sample at the surface will be from a depth shallower
than that at which bit is currently drilling
11
Example:
Lag Application
o If it takes an hour for a sample to reach surface from
bottom of a 6,000 foot hole
o bit is drilling at a rate of 100 feet per hour
o Well depth will 6,100 feet when the samples from
depth of 6,000 feet are just reaching surface
12
Running Lag
o Lag determined by injecting a TRACER in mud in drill
pipe at surface when is broken off
o Then counting number of strokes that mud pumps
have to make in interval between injection and
recovery at shale shakers
13
Types of Tracer
o Lost Circulation Material (LCM)
o Calcium carbide
14
Calcium Carbide
Place in drill pipe
React with water in mud
Form acetylene gas
Picked up by gas detector and gas chromatograph
Attention: Calcium carbide only react with water, so
cannot be used with an oil based mud
15
Calculating
Bottoms Up Lag
o It is an alternate to tracer method
16
Ex# 02
Bottoms Up lag
17
Solution:
18
Solution:
19
Solution:
20
Collecting
Cuttings Samples
o First and most important step in evaluation of any
formation is collection of drilled cuttings
o Cuttings are physical, tangible pieces of rock
o Good cuttings and mud sample collection require an
accurate lag
21
Wet Sample
22
Wet Sample
o Unwashed cuttings sample taken for paleontological
and petrological examination in oil company’s
laboratories
o Put sample into a fine mesh cloth bag, labeled, and
left out in sun to dry before tying it up into bundles
23
Wet Sample Bags
Examples
24
Problems in
Interpreting Drill Cuttings
o Cavings
o Re-circulation
o Lost circulation materials
o Cement
o Drilling mud
o Oil contamination, pipe dope, etc.
o Pipe scale, bit shavings, and casing shavings
25
caving
o Recognize as material identical to what has already
been seen from much higher in the hole.
o It is suppressed by good mud control, but most
samples will contain caved material.
o Soft shales, thinly bedded brittle shales, and
bentonites cave readily and may be found in
samples
26
Re-circulation
o Refer to sand grains and microfossils from previously
drilled rocks
o Re-enter hole with mud stream and contaminate
rising sample
27
Lost Circulation
Materials
o A large variety of substances may be introduced
into hole to combat lost circulation difficulties.
o Sudden appearance of a flood of fresh-looking
material which occupies greater part of a sample
o As a check, consult well record for lost circulation
troubles, and kinds of materials introduced into hole
28
Cement
o Cement fragments in cuttings are easily mistaken for
sandy, silty, or chalky carbonate
o Most cements are of an unusual texture or color,
frequently have a glazed surface
o Tend to turn yellow or brown when immersed in
dilute HCl
o Full of fine black specks which are sometimes
magnetic and can be removed by magnet
29
Drilling Mud
o It is often important to be able to recognize drilling
muds which were used
o Inexperienced logger may confuse drilling mud with
soft clay, bentonite, or gypsum or carbonate
o Thorough washing and rinsing in a pan of water will
generally remove most mud contamination
30
Oil Contamination
(Pipe Dope/Grease)
o Foreign substances, such as pipe dope or grease,
from rig operations sometimes enter mud stream
o Normally appear in cuttings after a trip out of and
into hole has been made
o Will disappear after one or two complete circulations
are made
31
Pipe scale, Bit Shavings, & Casing Shavings
o Remove pipe scale readily with a small magnet
which is rusty and rarely present a logging problem
o Bit shavings are shiny as opposed to pipe scale
o Casing shaving will also be very shiny and the shape
will usually be curved or spiral.
o Notify drilling foremen immediately when bit or
casing shavings are found in a sample
32
Mud Logging
Equipment & Sensors
o Data Acquisition System
o Gas system
o Rig sensors ❖ Pump Stroke
❖ Drawwork ❖ Pit Level
❖Hookload ❖ Mud flow
❖Pressure ❖ Mud weight
❖Rotary Speed ❖ Mud temperature
❖Rotary Torque ❖ Mud conductivity
33
Thank You
Any Question?