Index

1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Objectives....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. General objective............................................................................................................................ 1

1.2.1. Specific objectives:...................................................................................................................... 1

1. The general situation of coronavirus (COVID-19)...................................................................2

1.1. Coronavirus.................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1.1. Transmission mode...................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.2. Risk group for the development of serious illness.......................................................................2

1.1.3. Signs and symptoms of Covid 19............................................................................................. 3

1.1.4. Prevention measures.................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.5. Quarantine and home isolation............................................................................................... 4

1.1.6. In this assignment explain how coronavirus expanded or exploded over the whole world and
which the country of origin?.................................................................................................................. 5

1.1.7. The World Health Organisation ( WHO) or( OMS) face this Epidemic.............................5

1.1.8. The measurers should be done by the government and the general population in order to
minimize the problems of epidemic COVID 19....................................................................................6

1.1.9. The individual measures to prevention, in order to avoid getting coronavirus...................6

2. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................... 7

3. Bibliographic reference................................................................................................................. 8
1. Introduction

The present exam refers to the English course that aims to address coronaviruses (Covid 19),
which is a major disease that plagues the world in general.With regard to methodologies, in this
exam it was recommended that the bibliographic research that corresponds to the documents that
allows us to confront ideas and theoretical positions adapted by several scholars including the
WHO on which this study is based.

Regarding the organization of content, we will look at the contextualization of the coronavirus,
its origin and prevention measures.

1.1. Objectives

1.2. General objective

 To define coronaviruses.

1.2.1. Specific objectives:

 Explain how coronaviruses have expanded in the world;

 Indicate coronavirus signs and symptoms;

 Mention coronavirus prevention measures.

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1. The general situation of coronavirus (COVID-19)

1.1. Coronavirus

Coronavirus is an infectious disease caused by Corona recently discovered.

Coronaviruses (VOCs) are a large family of viruses that cause respiratory diseases that can range
from a simple cold to more serious conditions such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS-COV) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-COV).

Seen under a microscope, coronaviruses appear to have a crown of thorns around them. The
coronavirus incubation period is 2 to 14 days.

1.1.1. Transmission mode

The new (SARS – COV-2) is transmitted from one person to another, in two main ways:

 Through the droplets of aerosols (drops of saliva or secretions from the contaminated
airways) eliminated from respiratory tact through the mouth or nose when the person speaks,
coughs or sneezes.

 It can also be transmitted through direct contact of the hands with surfaces or objects
contaminated by these droplets and passed to the body through the mucosa of the mouth, nose
or eyes when the individual touches the face with the contaminated hands.

1.1.2. Risk group for the development of serious illness

Since injection into humans of this virus is still poorly understood, it should be considered that
everyone is subject to contract SAR-COV2.

However, the group of people who are most at risk of developing symptoms that are mild or of
serious illness are:

 People over the age of 60;

 Patients suffering from other diseases such as tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, heart
disease or people infected with HIV (without control or treatment);

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 Smokers.

 There is no information regarding risk in HIV people who are undergoing treatment. What is
recommended is that these patients continue to do antiretroviral treatment (ART) correctly
and consistently in order to improve immunity.

 Although the elderly and people with some associated diseases are at increased risk of
developing serious illnesses, any other individual regardless of age, sex and race can get
SARS COV 2 and be an asymptomatic carrier.

 Only the test can confirm the presence or absence of infection. Therefore "we must all
comply with preventive measures.

1.1.3. Signs and symptoms of Covid 19

The frequent signs and symptoms associated with Covid 19 infection are:

 Fever (temperature ≥ 37.5 • C)

 Cough

 Breathing difficulties (eg shortness of breath)

Sore throat, runny nose, headaches and / or muscle and heart may also appear. In more severe
cases, it can lead to pneumonia, severe with acute respiratory failure, failure of the kidneys and
other organs, and eventually.

1.1.4. Prevention measures

The new coronaviruses are transmitted by droplets of saliva and by direct contact with
contaminated people or surfaces.

In this way, greeting people with a hug, handshake, kisses or any other type of personal contact
can be a form of transmission. if you need to greet other people, you need to use the gesture

 Send direct contact with other people;

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 Maintain social distance of 1.5 meters

 Wash hands with soap and water mainly after direct contact with animals, people;

 Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing with tissue paper or with your arm
bent in a V shape.

 Wash, cook and preserve food well.

 Wear the mask

 In case of signs or symptoms of the flu, seek medical assistance at the nearest health facility.

1.1.5. Quarantine and home isolation

Home quarantine is an efficient method that is used to prevent the spread of the virus in the
population or community. We should be in mandatory quarantine for people who had the
following characteristics:

 People with or without symptoms more than who had proximal contact (less than 15 days
ago) with a confirmed or suspected case of Covid 19;

 Travelers from territories with active case records from Covid 19 even if they have no
symptoms.

Quarantine is a mandatory measure for the group of people with characteristics listed above.
People with suspicious symptoms should seek health services through the telephone lines
provided or contact the health unit immediately after experiencing any symptoms.

The general population should support case surveillance in the communities and report cases of
individuals who are not complying with mandatory home quarantine to health personnel.

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1.1.6. In this assignment explain how coronavirus expanded or exploded over the whole
world and which the country of origin?
The growing number of cases of the new coronavirus (Covid 19) now called (SARS-COV2),
started in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019, mainly occurring among patrons and
traders in a wholesale seafood market and animals alive and dead.

Later in a few months of evolution and expansion of the disease it expanded to a number of
countries, Japan, Thailandand southern coronation, reaching other countries with European,
American and African.

On January 30, 2020, WHO declared Covid 19 to be a worldwide public health emergency, and
on March 10, 2020 it became a pandemic, thus creating the need for coordinated efforts, that at
the global level as well as at the level of each country, between health professionals, governments
and the general population in adapting and implementing preventive measures to contain the
spread and mitigate the disease.

Characterizing Covid as a pandemic is not an indication that the virus has become more deadly.

It is a recognition of the geographical spread of the disease.

UNICEF was preparing and responding to the epidemic from Covid 19 around the world,
knowing that the virus could spread to children and family in any country or community.
UNICEF will continue to work with the government and its partners to stop transmission of the
virus and to keep children and their families safe.

1.1.7. The World Health Organisation ( WHO) or( OMS) face this Epidemic

To face this epidemic, the World Health Organization should continue with the implementation
of preventive measures in all public and private institutions. Work hard and check that the
workplaces are clean and hygienic.

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1.1.8. The measurers should be done by the government and the general population in
order to minimize the problems of epidemic COVID 19
The government must also continue to take measures to reduce the effects of the coronavirus. The
general population must obey the government's requirements so that the disease does not spread
further, it is well known that everywhere the government must take measures in a flat and
progressive way - measures that will be correct and coherent and in a way courageous also
because they are not easy.

There are many people who need, for example to go out every day, these measures taken can
create limitations on the ability that a large part of the population has to seek their daily
livelihood.

1.1.9. The individual measures to prevention, in order to avoid getting coronavirus

The individual measures to prevent, in order to avoid getting coronavirus are:

 Avoid close contact with sick people and obey the social distancing of 1.5 meters;

 Cover mouth and nose and when coughing or sneezing, with elbow flexed or using a
disposable handkerchief;

 Stay at home and contact people when you are sick, clean and disinfect objects and surfaces
touching frequently.

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2. Conclusion

To conclude our work, we saw that characterizing Covid 19 as a pandemic is not an indication
that the virus has become more deadly, it is rather an acknowledgment of the geographical spread
of the disease. Therefore, for its prevention, WHO recommends that health professionals and the
general population systematically use appropriate measures for the prevention and control of
infections.

And the use of the mask alone is not enough to stop infections and should be combined with
frequent washing of the hands, covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing,
avoiding close contact with anyone with symptoms of flu or cold (cough) , spiro, fever)

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3. Bibliographic reference

WHO

MINS: Covid prevention manual 19, April 2020