Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (Part in bold is the Answer)

1. The least effective vegetation for protecting the soil from erosion is __ _
a) tall tree crops
b) low height crops with big leaves
c) dense grass
d) grain crops

2. The problem of soil erosion in cultivated areas occurs. When. __ _

a) soil is without cover
b) soil is sloppy
c) soil under cover
d) soil under submergence

3. A continuous growing of crops such as cereals, rubber, oil palm, maize, sugar beet etc. in a
given field, causes ·
a) moderate to severe erosion problem
b) not erosion problem
c) moderate erosion problem
d) severe erosion problem
4. Pasture lands are generally considered as no erosion problem area, however erosion problem
arises when
a) vegetative cover is removed either by over grazing
b) grasses are harvested smoothly
c) vegetative cover is destroyed by burning
d) both (a) and (c)
5. Soil erosion is a ___ _
a) single phase phenomena i.e. transportation
b) two phase phenomena i.e. detachment and transportation
c) cycle phenomena
d) three phase phenomenon i.e. detachment and transportation and deposition
6. During soil erosion, the deposition occurs when .
a) transporting energy is lesser than resistance energy
b) transporting force is dominating the resisting forces
c) detachability is high
d) detachability is poor
7. When eroding agents have sufficient capacity to transport more quantity of materials than the
materials supplied through detachment, then soil erosion is referred as
a) detachment limited
b) deposition limited ----.
c) transport limited
d) none of above

8. During raindrop impact highest percentage of KE is lost against

a) frictional resistance
b) evaporation of water
c) condensation of water
d) both (b) and (c)

9. The value of critical velocity water flow for detachment, transportation and deposition of soil
particles IS function of . . .
a) particle size
b) particle shape
c) particles roughness
d) all above

10. Particle detachment is least in day soil because of

a) greater cohesive force
b) lesser cohesion force
c) greater transportability
d) lesser deposition

11. Effect of soil resistance on erosion is incorporated ______ _

a) soil erodibility
b) rainfall intensity.
c) soil strength
d) both (a) and (b)

12. The scale of soil loss occurring from the surface is expressed as ___ _
11) mass per unit area
b) mass per unit area per unit time
c) volume per unit area unit time
d) both (b) and (c)

13. In geological erosion __ .

a) soil loss in greater than soil formation
b) soil formation is greater than soil loss
c) soil loss is equal to soil formation
d) none of above
14.Geologic erosion is also known as. __ _
a) normal erosion.
b) off time erosion
c) natural erosion
d) both (a) and (c)

15) Accelerated erosion is ___ _

a) in excess of normal erosion
b) lesser than the geologic erosion
c) equal to natural erosion
d) none of above

16) Scouring of soil particles from river/ gully section during run-off flow is the phenomenon of
a) abrasion
b) attrition
c) solution
d) all above

17) On increment of land slopes by 4 times, the transportation of particle is increased by __ _

a) 4 times
b) 8 times
c) 16 times
d) 32 times

18) At a greater land slope, the possibility of

a) soil splash is more
b) soil detachment is less
c) soil detachment is more
d) both a & c

19) Slope length affects the erosion mainly by

a) increasing the flow velocity for shorter duration
b) decreasing flow velocity for shorter duration
c) increasing flow velocity for longer duration
d) increasing deposition

20) The limit of slope length at which soil erosion begins is called as __ ~_
a) optimum slope length
b) critical slope length
c) allowable slope length
d) none of above
21) The order of soil erosion with respect to slope shape is ___ _
a) convex>complex>concave
b) concave>complex>convex
c) convex<complex<concave
d) none of above

22) Transportation of soil particles under splash erosion will be greater on.
a) level land surface
b) uniform sloppy land surface
c) irregular surface
d) level land without cover

23) The formla for terminal velocity (V,) of raindrop is given by

a) V= (gd)1/2
b) Vt= ((4gd/3Cd) (Pwf Pa -1))1/2
c) V=C(RS)1/2
d) none of the above

24) Soil detachment by raindrop is independent of

a) land slope
b) soil type
c) soil depth
d) soil texture

25) Maximum movement of soil particle takes place, when flow depth is ___ _
a) about or equal to particle diameter
b) less than 5 cm
c) equal to lOcm
d) equal to 10cm

26) Favorable factors for susceptible of sheet erosion to take place, are
a) soil condition and nature
b) shallow soil layer overlain by sub soil of low permeability
c) steep slope and slope length
d) both (a) & (b)

27) Rill erosion is also known as ___ _

a) gully erosion
b) micro channel erosion
c) micro erosion
d) path erosion

28) Sheet flow is generated, when. __ _

a) land slope is steep
b) land surface is tough
c) land surface is smooth with uniform slope
d) both(a) &(b)

29) Rill formation is not found common in. __ _

a) impermeable formation
b) more resistant materials
c) sandy soils with hard pan below
d) both (a) & (b)

30) Rill erosion usually begins in the ___ _

a) lower part of land slope
b) upper part of land slope
c) middle of land slope
d) entire length of land slope

31) Sediment yield will be higher from the watershed dominated by ___ _
a) splash or raindrop erosion
b) sheet erosion
c) rill erosion
d) both (a) & (b)

32) Detachment and transportation of soil particle is greater in ___ _

a) splash erosion
b) rill erosion
c) sheet erosion
d) both (b) & (c),

33) Soil detachment in raindrop erosion takes place due to. __ _

a) KE. of raindrop
b) running flow
c) P.E. of raindrop
d) land slope

34) Detachment of soil particle by flowing water vatjes as. __ _

a) square of its velocity
b) square root of its velocity
c) power three of its velocity
d) power 1.5 of its velocity

35) Transportation ability of flowing water varies as ___ _

a) fifth power of its velocity
b) square of its velocity
c) square root of its velocity
d) fourth power of its velocity

36) Organic erosion occurs in the form of ___ _

a) phytogenic erosion
b) zoogenic erosion
c) attrition
d) both (a) & (b)

37) Removal of soil from fields during plant harvesting is associated to

a) extraction
b) attrition
c) phytogenic erosion
d) zoogenic erosion

38) Removal of soil from fields by animals when they move from one place to another either iii
search of food or shelter is associated to-'----
a) phytogenic erosion
b) zoogenic erosion
c) attrition
d) detraction

39) Erosion under shifting cultivation, deforestation cultivation on steep slopes without protect-
tive measures is associated to
a) anthropogenic erosion
b) phytogenic erosion
c) zoogenic erosion
d) extraction

40) Sheet erosion is also termed as

a) attrition
b) laminar erosion
c) detrition
d) phytogenic erosion
41) An erosion is considered to be insignificant, when erosion intensity is
a) less than 0.5 m3/ha/ year
b) 0.5 m3 /ha/ year
c) lO m3/ha/h
d) 5.0m3 /ha/year

42) Erosion intensity of severe erosion is

a) 5m3/ha/year
b) 15 to 50m3/ha/year
c) l0 m3 /ha/year
d) 0.5 m3 /ha/year

43) An erosion with intensity greater than 200 m3 /ha/y iS said to

a) very severe
b) catastrophic erosion
c) geological erosion
d) moderate erosion

44) The range of erosion intensity for very severe gully erosion is from
a) 1 to 1.5 km/ km2
b) 2 to 3.0km/km2
c) 5 to 10 km/km2
d) 10 to 15 km/km2

45) Medium erosion is defined by the annual soil loss rates from
a) 0.5 to 1.5 mm depth
b) 0.05 to 0.5 mm depth
c) 0.1to1.5mm depth
d) 5 to10mmdepth

46) Hydrologic processes of rainfall and run-off drive

a) erosion process
b) sedimentation process
c) detachment of soil particles
d) all above

47) The transportation of particles by direct splash to the rill .is

a) very large in amount
b) zero
c) about 50% of total
d) minimum
48) The process of detachment and transportation of soil particles in rills is primarily a function
of ___ _
a) flow hydraulics
b) susceptibility of soil detachment by flow
c) transportability of detached sediment
d) all above
49) The soil erodibility may decrease over time with ___ _
a) good management practices
b) poor management practices
c) high rainfall
d) poor rainfall pattern

50) A continued intense tillage ___ _

a) increases soil erodibility
b) decreases soil erodibilily
c) increases soil erosion
d) both (a) & (c)

51) A greater soil erosion is observed in case of

a) soil surface covered by plant canopy
b) soil surface under grass cover
c) soil under forest cover
d) soil under cultivated crop

52) Rills are categorized as gully when. __ _

a) they cannot be smooth by tillage operation .
b) they can become 10m deep
c) their side slope is stabilized
d) none of above

53) The sequence of water erosion is ___ _

a) splash, sheet, rill and gully
b) sheet, rill, raindrop and gully erosion
c) rill, sheet, splash and gully erosion
d) gully, splash, rill and sheet erosion

54) Gully formation is mainly affects by the factors, such as ___ _

a) resistance offered by top soil and underlying hard layer
b) rainfall characteristics and vegetative cover
c) topographic characteristics
d) both(b)&(c)

55) Gully formation is mainly due to ___ _

a) land surface without vegetative cover and over grazing
b) adoption of faulty tillage work
c) not checking of developed rills
d) improper construction of channels etc

56) Gully development is accomplished under ___ _

a) four stage
b) three stage
c) two stage
d) five stage

57) Stage -3 gully development refers to ___ _

a) healing stage
b) stabilizes stage
c) initiation stage
d) none of above

58) In the geological formation, where surface and sub surface soils are easily erodible. __ _
a) V-shape gullies are formed
b) U-shaped gullies are formed
c) Rectangular gullies are formed
d) parabolic gullies are formed

59) Relatively catchment area ~ larger of ___ _

a) V-shape gullies
b) U-shaped gullies
b) inactive gullies
d) none of above

60) Relative flow velocity is higher in case of··----

a) V-shaped gullies
b) U-shaped gullies
c) active gullies
d) none of above

61) The gully whose dimensions are change with time is called. ___ _
a) active gullies
b) inactive gullies
c) V-shape gully
d) U-shape gully

62) For controlled of V-shape gullies, the most suitable control structures are_~--
a) permanent structure
b) semi permanent check dam
c) spurs
d) vegetative check dams

63) Small gullies have the dimension of ___ _

a) depth 3 m and bed width more than 18 m
b) depth more than 18 m and bed width less than 3 m
c) bed width 5 m and depth 10 m
d) none of above

64) Bed width of medium gully

a) more than 50 m ·
b) not less than 18 m
c) 20m
d) 4 to 8m

65) The flow velocity of run-off at which washing of soil particle takes place is called as_· _ _
a) maximum velocity
b) permissible velocity
c) critical velocity
d) design velocity

66) The critical velocity of water flow to cause washing of soil particles from heavy day soil is
a)1.0 to l.3m/s
c) 2 to 2.5 m/s
b) 0.3 to 0.55 m/ s
d) 3 to 5m/s

67) Above gully head, the diversion canal should be located at a distance ___ _
a) equal to or twice the gully depth
b) less than 15 m
c) more than 15 m
d) of 150 m

68) Design of diversion ditches is based on the return period

a) 5 to 10 years
b) 50 years
c) 25 years
d) 100 years

69) To check the gully from scouring backward, the gradient of gully head should be reduced up
to the angle of ___ _
a)15°
c)30°
b).20°
d)45°
70) Temporary check dams are used for controlling run-off and erosion especially in __ _
a) small gully
b) small and medium size gully
c) medium gullies
d) large gullies

71) Double row bush wood check dams are used to control the gullies of depth ___ _
a) about 6m
b) 10m
c)25m
d)30m

72) Height of netting used for gully control are located ·----
a) about 5.0 m
b) about 60cm or more
c)10m
d) upto15m

73) Location of permanent gully control structure is decided on the basis

a) gully depth
b) gully width
c) gully bed slope
d) all above

74) A straight drop structure consist of

a) inlet and outlet
b) inlet, conduit and outlet
c) apron, weir and conduit
d) earth dam and outlet
75) A chute spillway with box type inlet consist of ___ _
a) SAF stilling basin ·
b) ogee type inlet
c)apron
d)none of above

76) In addition to control gully, a drop inlet spillway also performs the function
a) farm pond
b) reservoir
c) irrigation structure
d) both (a} & (b)

77) Longitudinal sills of drop structure are constructed to ___ _

a) make the apron stable
b) spill the water smoothly
c) dissipate KE of flow
d) all above

78) The purpose off cut of walls in drop structure is to ___ _

a) provide structural strength against sliding
b) spill the flow safely
c) dissipate KE of flow
d) support gully walls

79) The apron length in rubble masonry dam should ___ _

a) not less than 1.5 times the dam height
b) be1.5m
c) be equal to l.5 times the dam height
d) be3/4 of dam height

80) Permanent gully control structures are designed in respect of ___ _

a) hydrologic
b) hydraulic
c) structure
d) all above