Chapter 1 Number System
Chapter 1 Number System
2) Irrational Number
The teacher will also ask the student to draw a number line and ask the following
questions.
iv. Are there any number which cannot be expressed in the form p/q?
Rational numbers:
A rational number is the one which can be represented in the form of P/Q where P and Q
are integers and Q ≠ 0.
Irrational Numbers:
Irrational number cannot be written in the form of simple fractions. ⅔ is an example of a
rational number whereas √2 is an irrational number.
Exercise 1.1:
1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form p/q where p and q are
integers and q ≠ 0?
Solution:
We know that a number is said to be rational if it can be written in the form p/q , where p and
q are integers and q ≠ 0.
Zero can be written in the form 0/1, 0/2, 0/3 … as well as , 0/1, 0/2, 0/3 ..
Since it satisfies the necessary condition, we can conclude that 0 can be written in the p/q
form, where q can either be positive or negative number.
As we have to find 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4, we will multiply both the numbers, 3
and 4, with 6+1 = 7 (or any number greater than 6)
and, 4 × (7/7) = 28/7. The numbers in between 21/7 and 28/7 will be rational and will fall
between 3 and 4.
Hence, 22/7, 23/7, 24/7, 25/7, 26/7, 27/7 are the 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4.
Solution:
To find out 5 rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5, we will multiply both the numbers 3/5
and 4/5
The numbers in between18/30 and 24/30 will be rational and will fall between 3/5 and 4/5.
Hence,19/30, 20/30, 21/30, 22/30, 23/30 are the 5 rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5
4. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your
answers.
Solution:
True
Or, we can say that whole numbers have all the elements of natural numbers and zero.
Every natural number is a whole number; however, every whole number is not a natural
number.
Solution:
False
Integers- Integers are set of numbers that contain positive, negative and 0; excluding
fractional and decimal numbers.
Hence, we can say that integers include whole numbers as well as negative numbers.
Every whole number is an integer; however, every integer is not a whole number.
Solution:
False
Rational numbers- All numbers in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q≠0.
Hence, we can say that integers include whole numbers as well as negative numbers.
All whole numbers are rational, however, all rational numbers are not whole numbers.
Step 1: Mark a point O on the paper. Here, O will be the center of the square root spiral.
Step 5: Now, from B, draw a perpendicular line of 1 cm and mark the end point C.
Step 6: Join OC. Here, OC will be of √3
The teacher will ask the students to give the value of √2 and ask them to plot √2 on
number line.
The class begin with an activity on constructing the “ Square Root Spiral” on a A4 size
coloured sheet.
After completing the activity, teacher will solve Exercise 1.2 sums on the board.
Exercise 1.2:
1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every irrational number is a real number.
(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form √m , where m is a natural number.
(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.
Solution:
(i) True
Because all rational numbers and all irrational numbers form the group (collection) of real
numbers.
(ii) False
Because negative numbers cannot be the square root of any natural number.
(iii) False
Because rational numbers are also a part of real numbers.
2. Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of
the square root of a number that is a rational number.
Solution:
No, if we take a positive integer, say 9, its square root is 3, which is a rational number.
Now draw BB1 ⊥ OB such that BB1 =1 unit. Join OB1 = √3 units.
Take O as centre and OB3 as radius, draw an arc which cuts the number line at D. Point D
represents √5 on the number line.
1. Write the following decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each
has?
The teacher will ask students to come to the board and ask them to show the division of
above asked rational numbers.
The teacher will ask the students to do the following divisions in their notebooks.
10/3 7/8 1/7
Thereby the teacher introduces the concept decimal expansion of real numbers.
Terminating Decimals
Non-terminating and Repeating Decimals
Non-terminating and Non-repeating Decimals
Terminating Decimals
The decimal expansion terminates or ends after finite numbers of steps. Such types of
decimal expansion are called terminating decimals. It means that, after the decimal point,
the numbers come to an end at a certain point.
After explaining about types of decimal expansion, the teacher will solve exercise 1.3 on
the board.
Exercise 1.3:
1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each has
2. You know that 1/7 = 0.142857. Can you predict what the decimal expansions
of 2/7 , 3/7 , 4/7 , 5/7 , 6/7 are , without actually doing the long division? If so, how?
Solution:
We are given that 1/7 = 0.142857.
∴ 2/7 = 2 x 1/7 = 2 x (0.142857¯) =0.285714
3/7 = 3 x 1/7 = 3 x (0.142857¯) = 0.428571
4/7 = 4 x 1/7 = 4 x (0.142857¯) = 0.571428
5/7 = 5 x 1/7 = 5 x(0.142857¯) = 0.714285
6/7 = 6 x 1/7 = 6 x (0.142857¯) = 0.857142
Thus, without actually doing the long division we can predict the decimal expansions of
the given rational numbers.
Teacher will show flash cards where real numbers will be written. Students will classify
them as rational or irrational numbers
Self-study/Homework/ FUNWORK:
Assignments: Planned Exercise 1.3:
3. Express the following in the form p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
Solution:
As there is only one repeating digit, multiplying (1) by lo on both sides, we get
10x = 4.777
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get
10x – x = 4.777…… – 0.4777…….
⇒ 9x = 4.3 ⇒ x = 4390
Thus, 0.47¯ = 4390
4. Express 0.99999… in the form p/ qAre you surprised by your answer? With your
teacher and classmates discuss why the answer makes sense.
Solution:
Let x = 0.99999….. …. (i)
As there is only one repeating digit,
multiplying (i) by 10 on both sides, we get
10x = 9.9999 … (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
10x – x = (99999 ) — (0.9999 )
⇒ 9x = 9 ⇒ x = 99 = 1
Thus, 0.9999 =1
As 0.9999… goes on forever, there is no such a big difference between 1 and 0.9999
Hence, both are equal.
5. What can the maximum number of digits be in the repeating block of digits in the
decimal expansion of 117? Perform the division to check your answer.
6. Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form pq (q ≠ 0). Where, p and
q are integers with no common factors other that 1 and having terminating decimal
representations (expansions). Can you guess what property q must satisfy?
Solution:
Let us look decimal expansion of the following terminating rational numbers:
We observe that the prime factorisation of q (i.e. denominator) has only powers of 2 or
powers of 5 or powers of both.
NCERT Exemplar Problem:
Day 5 Analyse and Evaluate
Teaching Methods and
Techniques: Bloom’s Taxonomy
domains (10 min)
Teaching aids/ activities and
resources: 15 min accordingly
Self-study/Homework/ FUNWORK:
Assignments: Planned
Exercise 1.3:
(iv)7.478478…..
(v) 1.101001000100001………
1. Are there two irrational numbers whose sum and product both are rationals? Justify.
2. State whether the following statement is true: There is a number x such that x2 is
irrational but x4 is rational. Justify your answer by an example.
√2 = 1.414213562 ………..
√3 = 1.732050808 …….
√5 = 2.23606797 …….
8.Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5/7 and 9/11 .
We have,
(i) √23
(ii) √225
(iii) 0.3796
Self-study/Homework/ FUNWORK:
Assignments: Planned Represent irrational numbers on the number line - √5, √6, √7
OBJECTIVE:
To represent some irrational numbers on the number line.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
1. Make a straight slit on the top of one of the wooden strips. Fix another wooden strip on
the slit perpendicular to the former strip with a screw at the bottom so that it can move
freely along the slit
2. Paste one photocopy of the scale on each of these two strips
3. Fix nails at a distance of 1 unit each, starting from 0, on both the strips
4. Tie a thread at the nail at 0 on the horizontal strip.
DEMONSTRATION:
1. Take 1 unit on the horizontal scale and fix the perpendicular wooden strip at 1 by the
screw at the bottom.
2. Tie the other end of the thread to unit ‘1’ on the perpendicular strip.
3. Remove the thread from unit ‘1’ on the perpendicular strip and place it on the horizontal
strip to represent √2 on the horizontal strip
4. Similarly, to represent √3 , fix the perpendicular wooden strip at √2 and repeat the
process as above.
APPLICATION:
The activity may help in representing some irrational numbers such as √2 , √3 , √4 , √5 ,
√6 , √7 on the number line.
Teacher explains the process of rationalizing the denominator and proves 1/√2 = √2/2.
Now makes the students understand how to represent it on number line.
Teacher will explain that rationalization is the process to remove surds in the denominator
of a fraction.
EXERCISE 1.4:
1. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational.
(i) Since, it is a difference of a rational and an irrational number.
∴ 2 – √5 is an irrational number.
EXERCISE 1.4:
5. Rationalise the denominator of the following:
Self-study/Homework/ FUNWORK:
Assignments: Planned
EXERCISE 1.5:
2. Find :
3. Simplify:
PROJECT:
Write 5 applications of laws of exponents
Assessments/ Class test/ CLASS TEST:
Surprise test: Informed/
Uninformed
Classroom assignments: (20 Laws of exponents:
min) according to day plan Instead of writing the factor 2 repeatedly 4 times, we can simply write it as 24.
The exponent is usually written at the top right corner of the base and smaller in
size when compared to the base.
After giving introduction to laws of exponents, the teacher solves exercise 1.5 sums.
Exercise 1.5:
Day 11 Remember, Analyse and Evaluate
Teaching Methods and
Techniques: Bloom’s Taxonomy
domains (10 min)
Teaching aids/ activities and Group Discussion:
resources: 15 min accordingly Where do we use real numbers?
Do we use laws of exponents in our daily life? If so how?
Self-study/Homework/ FUNWORK:
Assignments: Planned Complete the worksheet for chapter 1 Number SYSTEM
Create a mind map for chapter 1 Number system