LET REVIEW DRILLS

GENERAL EDUCATION: READINGS IN PH HISTORY & LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

The Wave Migration Theory -the most widely known of the prehistoric theories of population
development in the Philippines.

Henry Otley Beyer- Proponent of the Wave Migration Theory

Core Population Theory- Evolution from Tabon man (Tabon cave in Palawan) suggests early inhabitants of
Southeast Asia were of the same ethnic group with a similar culture, but through a gradual process over time
driven by environmental factors, differentiated themselves from one another.

Fox and Manuel Santiago- first discover the Tabon Man in Tabon Cave Palawan

Felipe Landa Jocano- Proponent of Core Population Theory

Negritos- Known as aborigins in the Philippines.

Malay- Last to come in the Philippines.

Indones- First migrant in the Philippines.

PRE-SPANISH PERIOD SOCIAL CLASS

Maharlika- Nobles

Timawa- Freemen

Alipin- Slaves

Aliping Namamahay- With an own house

Aliping Sagigilid- Live with master

Baranggay- 100 families

RELIGION

Paganism- Believe in different God

Barter or Trading- Economy

FIRST TRADERS

Orang Dampuans- Traders from Champa Vietnam

Banjarmasins- Traders from Indonesia

Chinese- Traders during the Ming Dynasty

GOVERNMENT

DATU- chief executive, law giver, chief judge, and military head

UMALOHOKAN- Announcer, town Cryer

JUSTICE SYTEM- TRIAL BY ORDEAL THROUGH PAIN

AT PRESENT:

Legislative- Law making body (Bichameral)

 House of representative- impeach

 Senate- Decide

Executive- Law enforcing body

Judiciary- Law interpreting body

Bicameralism- 2 chambers from Jones Law of 1916

Bothoan- First School of Pre-Colonial Filipinos

Check and Balance- Secure the balance and the safeguard of the government

COMMUNITIES:

 IGOROT- Lived in the Cordilleras who first practiced mummification.

 PINTADOS- Tattooed People in Panay
 Baybayin/Alibata- system of writing

FILIPINO TRAITS:

 Kanya kanya or Tayo Tayo- Crab mentality (Solution- Sense of Common Good)
 Ningas Cogon- Leaving our work unfinished.
 Manana Habit-
 Ethnocentric- arrogant/boastful / superior
 Xenocentric – Low Self-esteem/ Inferior
 Extreme Personalism- Feeling Personal
 Bahala Na -
 Porma Over Substance – emphasize form rather than substance.
 Remedyo Attitude – receptive/ ability to make impossible things.
 Cheerful-

Sanduguan- Seal friendship

Betrothal- Engagement in the prehistoric era

India- Dowry originated.

Mai- Gold in Mindoro

Makhdum/Merchants- An Arab missionary who bought Islam in the Philippines in 1380

Sulu- First Sultanate

Abu Bakr- Founded the Sulu

External Criticism- Format

Internal Criticism- Content

COMING OF WEST

Treaty of Tordesillas- Division of the world into two/ divides the world into two as a solution to the
competition of Spain and Portugal

PEWS- Portugal East, West Spain

SPANISH POLICIES

 Pueblo- town
 Tributo- Tax
 Cabeceras- Town Centre
 Reduccion- To form cabecceras or town center.
 Bandala- Product Tax collected by Cabeza de Barangay
 Polo Y Servicio- Force labor
 Polo worker- Polista
 Falla- Exemption fee from forced labor through monetary
 Ayuntamiento- Trade Center
 Alcaldia- Pacified/monitored area of Spanish
 Corregimientos- Unpacified/unmonitored area of Spanish
 Indulto de Commercio- Privilege given to the governor to engage in trade
 Frailocracy- a government led by friars.
 Necrocracy- government led by the people.
 Aristocracy- Elites
 Oligarchy- selected few
 Meritocracy- People of talent
 Communism- No private property
 Federalism- National to national, local to local
 Monarchy- Kind and queen
 Constitutional and absolute- two types of monarchy
 Democracy- people
 Republican- representative
 Democratic-Republican- Philippines
 Necrocracy- dead people
SOCIAL CLASSES DURING THE SPANISH COLONIZATION

 Peninsulares- Spanish born in Spain

 Insulares- Spanish born in the Philippines
 Mestizo- mix genes
 Principalia- enlightened people called illustrados
 Indio- Natives

ORDER OF SPANISH EXPEDITION

 Ferdinand Magellan- 1st to circumnavigate the earth/ Archipelago of Saint Lazarus

 Juan Sebastian Elcano- 1st man to circumnavigate the world.
 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos- Las Islas Filipinas
 Miguel Lopes de Legazpi- 1st governor general
 Diego de Los Rios y Nicolau- Last governor General
 Carlos Maria de la Torre- Most love governor general
 Narciso Claveria y Zaldua- Decreed that all Filipinos take a surname for tax and census.
 Jose Basco Y Vargas- Tabacco Monopoly (Acapolco Mexico to Manila)
 Manuel Blanco- Flora De Filipinas
 Rafael Izquierdo Y Gutierez- Killed GOMBURZA
 Camilo Garcia de Polavieja- Killed Rizal
 Eulogio Despujol- Deported Rizal in Dapitan/ordered arrest Rizal

ORDER OF MISSIONARY

 Augustinians
 Franciscans
 Jesuits
 Dominican
 Recollects

 Reason- Thomas Aquinas

 Faith- Augustine
 St. Augustine- Prominence to faith in understanding the existence of God
 Japanese- Golden age in the history of PH literature
 Supreme Court- Royal Audencia of our time

MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION (TSVSC)

 Trinidad- 1st, Magellan’s ship/Arrived on the Maluku Island/ seized by Portuguese.

 Santiago- wrecked after a terrible storm off the coast in the city of Puerto Santa Cruz
 Victoria- Only survivor, Return to Spain led by Elcano
 San Antonio- deserted while crossing the Strait of all Saints, return to Spain
 Concepcion- burned in the Philippines.

 Enrique of Malaca- Interpreter of Magellan

 Antonio Figafetta- Writer of Magellan
 Rajah Kulambo- 1st blood compact with Magellan in Limasawa Philippines
 Rajah Sikatuna and Legazpi- 1st blood compact with Legazpi in Bohol
 March 31, 1521- 1st mass in Limasawa with Padre Pedro De Valderrama
-1st Blood compact between Kulambo and Magellan
 Ventura de Los Reyes- First filipino representative in Spanish Cortes
 Doctrina Christiana- 1st book in the Philippines.
 Barlaan at Josaphat by Fray Antonio de Borja- First Filipino-translated book
 Wesley Merrit- First governor general (American Military)
 Thomasites/American Soldier- First Teachers in the Philippines
 Mother/Teodora Alonzo- First inspiration of Rizal
 A La Patria- First poem of Rizal in Spanish Soil
 Elpidio Quirino- First Ilokano president
 Diwata 1- First Philippine Microsatellite
 Lapu-Lapu- First Filipino hero
 Felipe Agoncillo- First Filipino Diplomat
 Cayetano Arellano- First Chief Justice of the Philippines
 Manuel L. Quezon- First senate president
 Deodato Arellano- First president of Katipunan
 Ciudad del Santismo Nombre de Jesus- 1st town in the Philippines
 Malolos Constitution- First constitution
 Garcia- First Filipino Policy
 Manila Bulletin- oldest existing newspaper
 Colegio de San Juan De Letran- Oldest college in the Philippines and secondary institution in Asia
 UST- First university in the Philippines
 Damina Domingo- Father of the Philippine painting.
 April 21, 1521- Magellan went to Cebu to Baptize Humabon and his wife.
 April 27, 1521- Magellan died through Lapu-Lapu
 Council of Indies- Appoints the Governor General during Spanish Times
 Santiago de Vera- First president of Royal Audencia
 Secularization Movement- Started by Padre Pedro Pelaez and continued by Burgos
 Cavite Mutiny- Execution of Gomburza
 Union Obrera Democratica- First Labor Union in the Philippines (Isabelo De Los Reyes)
 Illustrados- Spearheaded propaganda movement
 The Triumvirate- Del Pilar, Rizal and Jaena
 Graciano Lopez Jaena- First editor of La Solidaridad, great orator, pen name- Diego Laura, Fray
Botod
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Father of Philippine Journalism, Masonry
-Plaridel, Dolores Mandapat, Piping Dilat, Siling Labuyo
 -Diariong Tagalog, Dasalan at Toksohan
-Second editor of La Solidaridad
-Coined the term Frailocracy
 Pascual Poblete- Ama ng pahayagang Tagalog
 July 3, 1892- La Liga Filipina
 La Liga Filipina- National Socio-Civic organization founded by Rizal
 July 7, 1892- KKK
 Andres Bonifacio and friends- Founder of KKK
 Deodato Arellano- First president of KKK
 Objectives of KKK- Political, Moral and Civil
 Kartilya-guidebook for the Katipunan
 Kalayaan- Newspaper of Katipunan
 KKK- Katipon (anak ng bayan), Kawal (Gomburza), Bayani (Rizal)
 August 19, 1896- Katipunerong nag suplong sa KKK
 Teodoro Patino- Katipunerong Nagsuplong sa KKK kay Pari Nariano Gil
 August 23, 1896- Sigaw sa pugad Lawin
 Death of Rizal- the result of the discovery of Katipunan
 Tejeros Convention- leads because of Rizal’s death.
 Death of Bonifacio- from Tejeros Convention
 Excommunicate- Expelled from communion with a church.
 Hymn to Talisay- Poem used against Rizal during his trial.
 Leon Ma. Guerero- started to address the Philippines as his fatherland.
 Renato Constantino- argues that Rizal is an American-sponsored hero.
 Teodoro Agoncillo- Rizal and the Philippines revolution
 Rafael Palma- Biografia de Rizal
 Carlos Quirino- The Great Malayan
 Camilio Osias- Jose Rizal: Life and Times
 Gregorio F. Zaide- Jose Rizal: Life, works, and writing.
 Leon Ma. Guerero- The First Filipino: A Biography of Jose Rizal
 Ricial- wheat field
 Aya- Term for nursemaid of Rizal
 Death of Concepcion- Rizal’s first sorrow
 Leon Monroy- Tutor of Rizal in Spanish and Latin.
 Juancho- Rizal’s painting skills were first learned.
 Uncle Manuel- taught Rizal how to do wrestling.
 Age 3- Rizal learned the alphabet.
 Age 5- Read and write
 Fr. Jose Bech of Ateneo- First professor of Rizal in UST
 Justiniano Aquino Cruz- 1st teacher of Rizal in primary school Binan
 Rizal took Philosophy and letters in his 1st year at UST- Rizal's father wanted it for him and he’s
undecided.
 Circulo Hispano-Filipino – Association formed by Filipino students in Spain composed by both
Spaniards and Filipino (reform)
 Binan- Primary school of Rizal
 Ateneo- Secondary School of Rizal
 UST- Tertiary of Rizal
 Little but Expensive- The last article of La Solidaridad (Nov 15, 1985)
 Cadiz March- Sang during Rizal Execution
 6200- Lotto Prize that Rizal won (9736)
 T’nalak Cloth- made of abaca, weaved by women
 Martial Law Period (Department of Education Cultural Sports Order no. 25 series of 1974)-
Bilingual Education Policy
 February 15, 1889- La Soli founding date
 July 3, 1982- La Liga Filipina
 November 15, 1895- Last seen of La Solidaridad
 Rizal’s Exile- Dapitan (July 14, 1892) Arrived (July 17, 1892)

RIZAL LITERARY DRILLS

 To the Filipino Youth- Youth as a hope of the Nation
 Goodbye to Leonor- A melancholic poem.
 Kundiman- Profess his Intense love for his motherland.
 To the Young Women of Malolos- Women Education
 They Ask Me for Verses- A sad poem by Rizal about Spanish Oppression.
 Canto Del Viajero- Poem, Rizal describes the loneliness of being a wanderer and as volunteer
Doctor in Cuba
 La Indolencia De Los Filipino- The essay that defended the laziness of Filipinos.
 Junto Al Pasig- One-act play for the Velada- a gala variety program during the principal feast days
centering on a character named Leonido.
 Sa Aking mga Kabata- Love for one’s language.
 Mi Primera Inspirasyon- Poem for his mother
 In Memory of My Town- A poem about Calamba
 El Amor Patrio- First publish essay.
 To the Flowers of Heidelberg- Poem that reminds us of the importance of looking back at our
place of origin
 Mi Ultimo Adios- Poem without a title (Mariano Ponce)
 Himno Al Trabajo- Poem that express the dignity of labor and love for work.
 The Imitation of Christ- Parting gift of Rizal to Bracken
 MI Ritero- Poem of Rizal while in exile in Dapitan
 Sobresaliente- excellence

 Imprisonment of Rizal’s mother (1872)- Allegedly Poisoned Alberto’s (her brother) wife
 Noli Me Tangere
 March 21, 1887
 Berlin Germany
 Dedicated to motherland
 Inspired by Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harret Beecher Stone
 Maximo Viola- Savior of Noli
 64 chapters

El Filibusterismo
 September 18, 1891
 Gent Belgium
 Reign of the Greed
 Dedicated to GOMBURZA
 Inspired by the count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
 Valentin Ventura- savior of El Fili
 84 Chapters

Sonnets of Rizal
 To the Virgin Marry- First Sonnet written by Rizal
 To the Philippines- The sonnet that shows Rizal’s first testimony and presentation of his
nationalism

 All poems of Rizal were in Spanish

 Fort Santiago-detention Hall of Rizal
 Tagalog- First language of Rizal

RIZALI SPECIE COLLECTIONS

 Apogania Beetle
 Draco Flying Dragon
 Rhacophuros Tree Frog

ALL THE GIRLS RIZAL LOVED BEFORE

1. Segunda Katigbak- Puppy love, 1st love of Jose Rizal
2. Lenor Valenzuela- A tall girl from Pagsanjan, Orang, Rizal wrote invisible ink letters.
3. Leonor Rivera- “Taimis”, longest love, Inspiration for Maria Clara, Henry Kipping
4. Consuelo Ortega- Daughter of Civil Governor, Short affair of Rizal, Still engaged with Leonor
Rivera
-Poem A La Senorita
5. Seiku Usui- O-Sei-San, Shared passion of arts, help Rizal in Japanese painting, Happiest 45 days
6. Gertude Beckett- daughter of Rizal’s landlord, short relationship.
-Girl of Rizal while annotating the Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas
7. Nellie Boustedd- Nelli, an emotional rebound, demand: give up Rizal’s catholic faith.
-Protect her by challenging Luna into a duel
8. Suzanne Jacoby- Rizal moved to the Brussels because of the high cost of living in Paris
9. Josephine Bracken- Common Law- wife, 18 years old Petite Irish Girl, Adopeted daughter of
George Taufer from Hongkong

 Education without God is not true Education- The intimate alliance between religion and good
education.
 Fight the Spaniards- Not an aim of La Liga Filipina
 Mi Ultimo Express- Death is honorable if it is for the motherland.
 Mi Ultimo Adios- Elegy, 14 stanzas and 5 lines
 Morir es descansar- In death there is rest

Rizal’s Execution
 Consummantum est- it is finished.

 Lazaro Macapagl- Executed Boni and his brother

 Marinao Gil- Priest who reported the KKK
 Roman Basa- Second president of KKK
 Macario Sakay- First president of Tagalog representative
-executed because of Brigandage Act
 Gregorio Aglipay- Co founder of Phil. Independent Church
 Baldomero Aguinaldo- President of Magdalo Faction
 Mariano Alvarez- President of Magdiwang Faction
 Manuel Tinio Y Bundoc- Youngest General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army
 March 22, 1897- First election of the Philippines (Magdalo and MAgdiwnag Convention)

Tejeros Convention
 Meeting between Magdiwang and Magdalo
 Acta De Tejeros- A document issued by Bonifacio declaring the Tejeros Convention null and void
 Resulted to the death of Bonifacio

 Hongkong- Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders went to exile.

 June 12, 1898

-Philippine Independence
-Singing of the Marcha Nacional Filipina
-San Francisco de Malabon Band
-lyrics by Jose Pama
-Music by Julian Felipe

 The Philippines was ceded to the US by the Spaniards in the amount of 20 million dollars.
 Simeon Ola- Leader of the subsequent valiant attacks in Albay Towns and was the last general to
surrender to the Americas.

 Dekalogo ng Katipunan- Bonifacio

 El Verdadero Decalogo- Mabini
 La Independencia- Antonio Luna
 La Liga Filipinas- Rizal
 Frailocracia- Del Pilar
 Fray Batod- Jaena
 Dasalan at Tocsohan- Del Pilar
 Acta de Tejeros- Bonifcaio
 Pag ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa- Bonifacio
 Ninay- Pedro Paterno
 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog- Andres Bonifacio
 Biblioteca Filipina- Pardo De Tavera
 Titulado “Presidentes” de la Republica Tagala- Andres Bonifacio
 Tikbalang- Mariano Ponce

WORKS OF RIZAL
 A La Juventud Filipina- Crowning glory of Rizal in UST
 Kundiman- For the motherland
 Noli Mi Tangere- Touch me Not
 Makamisa- Parodies of Spanish- Influences customs/ unfinished novel
 El Filibusterismo- The reign of greed
 Amor Patrio- Spanish Soil
 Mi Ultimu adios- Elegy, to die is to rest
 Mi Primera Inspirascion- Mother of Rizal
 Mi Ritero- Exile in Dapitan
 Women of Malolos- Education of the women
 Sa Aking Mga Kabata- Love for own nation

SAGISAG PANULAT
 Madlang-Away- Pio Valenzuela
 Bini, Paralitiko- Apolinario Mabini
 Buan- Juan Luna
 Magdalo- Emilio Aguinaldo
 Dimasalang, Laung Laan- Dr. Jose Rizal
 Plaridel at Dolores Manapat- Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Dimasilaw, Pingkian- Emilio Jacinto
 Agapito Bagumbayan, Maypagasa, Great Plebian- Andres Bonifacio
 Tikbalang, Naning at Kalipulako- Mariano Ponce
 Taga-ilog- Antonio Luna
 Diego Laura- Graciano Lopez-Jaena
 Jose Maria Panganiban- Jomapa
 Brain of the Katipunan- Emilio Jacinto
 Brain of the Revolution- Apolinario Mabini
 Apartheid- The separation of Black and white people is termed.
 Carinosa- means affectionate-one and is a type of character that is mostly associated with
Filipino Women
 Macario Sakay- President of Katagalogan
 Dagohoy- Longest Revolt

AMERICAN INTERVENTION
 May 1, 1898- Manifest Destiny
 December 10, 1898- Benevolent Assimilation (Mccenley)
 Payne- Aldrich Act- Partial Free Trade
 Underwood Simmons Act- Full free trade, remove the limitation on duty-free products of the
Philippines entering the US
 Jones Law- Bicameralism, gave Ph a greater degree of control over its own government.
 Tydings McDuffie Law- 10 year transition the Philippines will gain Independence.
 Gabaldon Act- Modernization of Classroom

REMARKABLE WOMEN IN HISTORY

 Gregoria Montoya- Filipino revolutionary who fought during the Philippine revolution to avenge
her husband.
 Magbanua- Visaya
 Kahabagan- Tagalog
 Tecson- Redcross
 Josefina Guerero- Leper Spy
 Gabriela Silang- First female leader of the revolutionary movement against the Spanish
Colonizers (Ilocano Independence Movement)
 Gregoria De Jesus (Goryang)- Founder and Vice-president of the women’s chapter of the
Katipunan of the Philippines
 Marcella Agoncillo- Principal Seamstress of the first and official flag of the Philippines
 Cory Aquino- Mother of Democracy, 1st woman president of PH and in Asia
 Melchora Aquino- Ina ng Katipunan

PHILIPPINE-AMAERICAN WAR
 San Juan Bride Shooting Incident on Feb 4, 1899
 Spanish-American War- Ender of Spanish Regime
 Death of Luna- June 5, 1899
 Death of Goyo- Dec 2, 1899
 March 22, 1901- Aguinaldo was captured in Palanan Isabela

AMERICAN PERIOD (Military, Civil & Commonwealth)

Military Governor Generals
 Douglas McArthur- First and only field Marshall of the Philippine Army
 Merrit- 1st Military Governor General
 Otis-Second
 Arthur- Third
 Civil Governor Generals
 1st- William Howard Taft
 Last- Frank Murphy

 7 years in elem, 4 years in hs- Grade levels in American Period

Japanese Period
 Educational Focus- Tech Voch
 On Aug 6, Little boy was dropped in Hiroshima/ Fat Boy- Nagasaki
 HUKBALAHAP- Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon
 MAKAPILI- Pro-Japanese
 Kempeitai- Japanese Police

FILIPINO PEN NAMES OF PROMINENT WRITERS

 Balagtas- Francisco Baltazar
 Kuntil-Butil- Florentino Collantes
 Huseng Batute- Jose Corazon De Jesus
 Huseng Sisiw- Jose Dela Cruz
 G. solon- Epifanio Delos Santos
 Lola Basyang- Severino Reyes
 Amante Ernani, Herminia Dela Riva, Julio Abril- Amando Hernandez
 Quijano de Manila- Nick Joaquin
 Doveglion- Jose Garcia Villa

 Magsaysay- Golden age in the Philippines

 Media- Used by government from 1971 to 2003
 Roxas- Republic act No. 34, established 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-
tenancy contracts happened under the administration.

IMPORTANT TERMS
 Geneva Convention- To cure wounded soldiers
 Kyoto Protocol- Mitigating Global warming
 Ban the use of Incinerators- Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

WORLD CIVILIZATION
 Middle East- Civilization is where large ideas and tools, as well as human settlements flourished
 Tigris & Euphrates- Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamia
 Huang He-Yangtze (Yellow River)- China
 Nile River- Egypt
 Indus River- India
 Hinduism- Oldest existing religion in Asia
 Elements of the State
 Population
 Sovereignty
 Government
 Territory

TYPES OF TAX SYSTEM

 Taxation- Power of the state that levies or imposes a financial obligation on its citizens or
residents.
 Progressive Income Tax- high income = High tax
 Proportional Tax- Constant
 Regressive Tax- High income=low
 Income tax- Practicing Professionals
 Cedula- Community Tax
 Tariff- Imports
 Ad Valorem Tax- Luxurious imports
 Corporate Tax- Tax from business
 Real Estate Tax- Imposed on Properties
 Inheritance Tax- Paid by heirs of inherited property.

 Fiscal Autonomy- guarantee given by the Constitution to certain units of the government.
 Gemeinschaft- Shared experience in a community
 Gesellschaft- Services in society

KINDS OF WRIT
 Writ of Amparo- Right of Life, Liberty and Security
 Writ of Habeas Corpus- Show me the body
 Writ of Habeas Data- Right to information
 Writ of Kalikasan- Right to ocean and healthy environment
 Constitution- Fundamental Law of the land
 ConCom- Formed Constitution

 Suffrage- The right to Vote

 Election Precinct- The lowest- level of government decision
 Disfranchised- Revocation of the right to vote.
 Plebiscite- Citizens vote for or against change of a constitution
 Referendum- The power of the citizen to approve or reject a law through an election
 Initiative- Citizens directly propose and enact law
 Recall- Public officer may be removed from office due to loss of confidence
 Ombudsman- Tanod bayan

IMPORTANT TERMS
 Ceteris Paribus- All variables are kept Constant.
 Rio de Janeiro Convention- Convention about ESD
 NCCA- Nurtures Phil Arts
 Modern Capitalism- Entrepreneurship
 Mercantalism-Policy in the 16th century
 Parens Patriae- States has a paternal and protective role over its citizens.
 Social justice gives preferential Attention.