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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In the figure given below, a charge +Q is fixed at point c. Another charge q

is moved along a circular arc MN of radius r around it, from the point M to
the point N such that the length of the arc MN = l. The work done in this
process is:
𝑄𝑞𝑙
(a) zero (b) 4𝜋∈0
1 . 𝑟2
𝑄𝑞𝑙
(c) . (d) 𝑄𝑞𝑙 .
2∈0𝑟2 2𝜋∈0𝑟2

2. Two charged metal plates have surface charge densities 𝜎 each. They are
separated by a distance d. Electric field between the plates is:
(a) 𝜎 𝜎2 2𝜎
(b) ∈0 (c) (d) zero
∈0 ∈0

3. Which of the following graphs shown an ohmic circuit?

4. Two identical cells whether joined in series or parallel have the same
current through an external resistance of 2 Ω. The internal resistance of
each cell is:
(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 1Ω (d) zero
2
5. An electric charge of 10−3𝜇𝐶 is placed at origin (0, 0). Two points A and B
are situated at |√2, √2| and (2, 0) respectively. Potential difference between
the points A and B will be:
(a) zero (b) 2 volt (c) 4.5 volt (d) 2.5 volt
6. The minimum number of bulbs each marked 60 W – 40 V that can work
safety in series with 240 V mains supply is:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

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7. Following are the graphs between current ‘i’ drawn from a cell and the
terminal voltage ‘V’ of the cell. Which one is correct?

8. A charge placed at a distance from an electric dipole in end-on position

experiences a force ‘F’. If the distance be doubled, the force will become:
(a) 2F (b) F/2 (c) F/8 (d) F/4
9. A point charge q is placed at the centre of a cubical Gaussian surface of
side a. The electric flux through each square surface of the cube is:
(a) 𝑞/∈0 (b) 𝑞/𝜋 ∈0 (c) 𝑞/6 ∈0 (d) zero
10. A capacitor is connected across a battery. When it is fully charged, the
battery is disconnected. Now if the separation between the plates of the
capacitor is decreased the potential difference:
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) remains the same (d) none of these
11. Two resistances R and 2R are connected in parallel in an electric circuit.
The thermal energy developed in R and 2R within the same time are in the
ratio:
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
12. The emf of the battery shown in the figure below is:
(a) 4V (b) 8V
(c) 2 V (d) 12 V

13. A body has a positive charge of 8 × 10−19𝐶. It has:

(a) an excess of 5 electrons (b) a deficiency of 5 electrons
(c) an excess of 8 electrons (d) a deficiency of 8 electrons

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 14. Ohm’s law in vector form is:
(a) 𝐽⃗ = 𝜌/𝐸 (b) 𝐽⃗ = 𝜌𝐸 (c) 𝐽⃗ = 𝑖/𝐴 (d) 𝐸= 𝜌/𝐽⃗
The symbols used have their usual meaning).
15. The equivalent resistance between points ‘a’ and ‘f’ of the network shown in
figure is:
(a) 24 Ω (b) 110 Ω
(c) 140 Ω (d) 200 Ω
16. The kinetic energy acquired by a point charge of 3.2 × 10−19𝐶 accelerated
through a potential difference of 1 volt is:
(a) 1 eV (b) 2 eV (c) 4 eV (d) zero
17. The S.I. unit of relative permittivity is:
(a) 𝑁𝑚2𝐶−2 (b) 𝑁𝑚−2𝐶2 (d) 𝑁−𝑚−2𝐶2 (d) none
18. A proton and an electron are located in a uniform electric field. They will
experience:
(a) equal forces in the same direction
(b) forces equal in magnitude
(c) equal accelerations in opposite directions
(d) accelerations equal in magnitude
19. Each of the five capacitors shown in the adjoining circuit is of 10 pF. The
equivalent capacitance between the points A and B is:
(a) 40 pF (b) 30 pF
(c) 20 pF (d) 10 pF

20. The wire of resistance 4 Ω is stretched to double its length. Its new
resistance is:
(a) 1 Ω (b) 4 Ω (c) 8 Ω (d) 16 Ω
21. Force between two stationary charges, when placed in free space is 10 N. If
they are placed in a medium of relative permittivity 5, the force between
them will be:
(a) 50 N (b) 10 N (c) 0.5 N (d) 2 N
22. The strength of electric field at a point is such that an electron of charge e
placed at that point experiences an electric force equal to its own weight
mg. The strength of the field is given by:
(a) e/mg (b) mge (c) mg/e (d) cannot be found

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 23. Three resistance each of 4 Ω are connected to form a triangle. The
resistance between any two terminals will be:
(a) 12 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 8 Ω (d) 6 Ω
3
24. There are n identical capacitors combined in parallel. If the combination is
connected to a d.c. source of V volts then the energy stored is equal to:
(a) CV (b) 1 𝑛 𝐶𝑉2 (c) 𝐶𝑉2 (d) 1 𝐶𝑉2
2 2𝑛
25. When a medium (dielectric) is introduced between two charges the
coulombian force between them:
(a) decreases (b) increase (c) does not change
(d) may increase or decrease depending on the medium
26. Three bulbs marked 220 V40 W, 220 V 60 W and 220 V 100 W are
connected in series. The bulb which glows most brightly is:
(a) first (b) second (c) third (d) all
27. Kirchhoff’s junction rule is based on:
(a) law of conservation of linear momentum
(b) law of conservation of angular momentum
(c) law of conservation of charge
(d) law of conservation of energy
28. A wire of resistance ‘R is cut into ‘n’ equal parts. These parts are then
connected in parallel with each other. The equivalent resistance of the
combination is:
(a) (c) 𝑛 (d) 𝑅
nR (b) 𝑅 2 2
𝑛 𝑅 𝑛
29. Intensity of electric field E at a point at a perpendicular distance ‘r’ from
an infinite line charge, having linear charge density ‘𝜆’ is given by:
1 𝜆 1 2𝜆
(a) 𝐸 = ( ) (b) 𝐸 = ( )
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟
1 𝜆 1
(c) 𝐸 = ( ) (d) 𝐸 = ( )
2𝜆
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟2 2𝜋𝜖0 𝑟

30. Kirchhoff’s first law is a statement of conservation of:

(i) current (b) charge (c) voltage (d) energy

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 1 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Define temperature coefficient of resistance of the material of a conductor.

2. A resistance wire of R Ω is bent in the shape of a circle as shown in the
figure. Find the resistance between A and B the two diametrically opposite
points.

3. How can the sensitivity of a potentiometer be increased?

4. When the potential difference across a wire is doubled, the current is not
exactly doubled. Why?
5. Intensity of electric field due to a small dipole at a point on its end on
position is 2000 N/C. What will be the intensity at the same point if the
dipole is rotated by 900 about its centre?
6. Name the conservation law associated with the Kirchhoff’s loop rule.
7. Two bulbs rated 40 W, 220 V and 100 W, 220 V are connected in series with a
source of 220 volt. What is the ratio of power consumed in them?
8. Define dielectric constant in terms of force between two point charges.
9. Can a charge of 1 × 10−16 coulomb be given to a body? How?
10. At what points the electric potential due to an electric dipole is zero?
11. A wire is stretched so that its radius becomes half. What will be its final
resistivity if initial resistivity was ‘x’?
12. A conductor has 2.4 × 10−18𝐶 of positive charge. How many electrons are in
excess or short?
13. A hollow spherical conductor of radius 10 cm is given a charge of 250 𝜇𝐶
which spreads on the conductor uniformly. What is the electric field intensity
on its surface?

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 14. State Gauss’ theorem in electrostatics.
15. An electron and proton are placed in an electric field. For which particle will
the magnitude of acceleration be greater?
16. A positively charged particle enters horizontally in a region of uniform
electric field which is directed vertically downwards. What will be the locus of
the particle.
17. A capacitor is charged through a potential difference of 200 volt when 0.1 C
of charge is stored in it. How much energy will it release when discharged?
18. What would be the resistance of a resistor which is colour coded as brown-
red-orange?
19. A wire of resistance 10 Ω is bent into a circle. What is the resistance between
two diametrically opposite points on the circle?
20. Find out the equivalent resistance between A and B.

21. What is the advantage of a potentiometer over a voltmeter for measuring the
given voltage?
22. Two point charges having equal magnitude separated by 1 m distance in air
experience a force of 8 N. What will be the force experienced by them, if they
are held in water (K = 80), at the same distance?
23. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential on its
surface is 10 V. What is the potential at the centre of the sphere.
24. The main use of this generator is to accelerate charged particles, which are
used as ‘projectiles’ to break atoms. What is the name of this generator?
25. State one use of a Van De graff generator.
26. How does the resistance of a semi-conductor change with increase in
temperature?
27. Find the equivalent capacitance in the following arrangement:

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28. What will be the electric potential energy of a system of two point charges
each of +1𝜇𝐶 placed in air 3 m apart?
29. A point charge q revolves around another point charge Q placed at the centre
of a circular path of radius ‘r’. What is the work done in half a revolution?
30. Write an equation for the Lorentz force 𝐹 acting on a charged particle having a
charge q moving in a magnetic field 𝐵 with a velocity 𝑣 in vector form.
31. What is the colour code of a carbon resistor having a resistance of 470 Ω and
a tolerance of 5%?
32. Which one out of germanium, mica and carbon is a dielectric?
33. Write Coulomb’s law in vector form.
34. A positive and a negative point charge of equal magnitude q are kept at
points (0, 0, a) and (0, 0, -a) respectively. Find the magnitude of electric
dipole moment.
35. If the distance between two equal charges is doubled and their individual
charges are also doubled what would happen to the force between them?
36. Why do electric field lines never cross each other?
37. Find the electric field intensity produced by a point charge of 1 C at a
distance of 1 m in vacuum.
38. State the Gauss’s law in electrostatics.
39. Is it true that at those places where electric field is zero, potential will also be
zero?
40. How much work is done in taking an electron around the nucleus in a
circular path?
41. A capacitor collects 16 𝜇𝐶 charge with a dielectric in between the plates and
4 𝜇𝐶, when it is withdrawn. What is the dielectric constant of the dielectric?
42. A wire of resistivity ′𝜌′ is stretched to double its length. What will be its new
resistivity?
43. A carbon resistor has coloured bands marked in the sequence of red, black,
orange and silver. State the value of resistance with tolerance.
44. Does the relation V = IR hold for a non ohmic conductor?
45. What is the highest voltage that you can safely put across a 98 Ω, 0.5 W
resistor?
46. Is the terminal potential difference (V) of a cell always less than its e.m.f.
(E)?
47. How is a galvanometer converted into an ammeter?
48. What will be the net electric force acting on an electric dipole placed in a
uniform electric field?

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49. How much electric flux emerges out from a closed surface enclosing a charge
of 8.85 C?
50. Three capacitors of equal capacitance when connected in series have net
capacitance C1 and when connected in parallel have net capacitance C2. What
is the value of C1 / C2?

51. A charge of 5 C is placed at the centre of a circle of radius

10 cm, as shown in the figure. Calculate the work done in
moving a charge of 2 C from point A to B on the
circumference of the circle.

52. What will be the nature of electric potential at the place where the electric
field is zero?
53. A metallic sphere of radius 2 m is charged in air to a potential of 300 V. Find
its potential energy.
54. If the potential difference applied across a variable resistor is constant, draw
a graph between the current in the resistor and the reistance.
55. V-I graphs for series and parallel combinations of two metallic resistors are
given. Which one of the two represents parallel combination of resistors?
Why?

56. Why is a potentiometer preferred over a voltmeter in measuring the e.m.f. of

a cell?
57. A current of 4 A flows through a 12 : resistor. At what rate is heat produced
in the resistor?
58. How will you convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter?

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59. A sphere S1 encloses a charge q. There is a larger concentric sphere S2 with

no additional charge between S1 and S2. Find the ratio of electric flux through
S1 and S2.
60. What is an equipotential surface?
61. What is the capacitance of the earth, if it behaves as a spherical conductor of
radius 6400 km?
62. Can a charge of 1.6 × 10−20𝐶 be given to a hollow sphere? Give reason.
63. The power consumption in the 12 Ω resistor in the given circuit is 6 W. Find
the power in the 8 Ω resistor.

64. When a proton and an electron are brought closer, what is the effect on their
potential energy?
65. The current voltage graphs for a given metallic wire at two different
temperatures T1 and T2 are as shown below. Which of the two temperatures
is higher and why?

66. How does the drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor vary with the
increase in temperature?
67. If distance between two charges is halved and magnitude of one of them is
doubled then what will be the effect on the coulombian force between them?
68. Calculate the equivalent resistance between the points A and B in the given

circuit:
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69. If force on an electron in a electric field is equal to its weight then what is the
magnitude of the electric field?
70. At what position/positions electric field due to a dipole is parallel to the
dipole moment?
71. 10 joule of external work is required to shift a proton from point A to point B.
Which point is at higher potential?
72. Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field outside a charged
spherical shell with the distance from the centre of the shell.
73. An infinite line charge has a charge density of 10 𝜇𝐶/𝑚. Calculate the electric
field at a distance of 2 m.
74. Potential gradient of a 10 m long potentiometer wire is 0.0025 volt/cm. What
maximum emf can be measured using this potentiometer?
75. A 5 𝜇𝐹 capacitor has a charge of 5 𝜇𝐶. Calculate the electrostatic potential
energy stored in it.
76. A wire of resistance 90 Ω is cut into 3 equal parts and the parts are connected
in parallel. What will be the resistance of the combination?
77. For a constant potential difference across a variable resistor, draw a graph
showing the variation of current with resistance.
78. A soap bubble is given negative charge. What happens to its radius?
79. What is meant by the term ‘quantization’ of charge?
80. The capacitance of a parallel plate air capacitor is 5𝜇𝐹. Find its new
capacitance when a dielectric material of dielectric constant 3 is filled in the
space between the plates.
81. A large hollow metallic sphere has a positive charge of 35.4 5𝜇𝐶 at its centre.
Find how much electric flux emanates from the sphere.
82. How much work is done in taking an electron around a nucleus in a circular
path?
83. A 10 m long potentiometer wire carries a steady current. A standard cell of
emf 1.018 volt is balanced against a length of 254.5 cm of the wire. What is
the potential gradient along the potentiometer wire?

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84. A part of an electric circuit is shown below. Using

Kirchoff’s 2nd law find the current ‘I’ flowing
through 4 Ω resistor.

2 MARK QUESTIONS

1. A capacitor is charged through a potential difference of 200 volt when 0.1 C

charge is stored in it. How much energy will it release when discharged?
2. A wire of resistance 12 Ω is cut four pieces of equal length and then joined in
parallel. Calculate the resistance of the combination.
3. Find the emf of the battery in the given figure.

4. Find the effective resistance between the points X and Y.

5. Define the terms: (i) Specific conductance (ii) Current density

6. A charged oil drop weighing 1.6 × 10−15𝑁 is found to remain suspended in a
uniform electric field of intensity 2 × 103𝑁𝐶−1. Find the charge on the drop.
7. Ohm’s law may also be stated as 𝚥⃗ = 𝜎 𝐸 . What do the symbols stand for?

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8. Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor in steady state. (See the diagram
given below).

9. An 𝛼 −particle and a proton are at a distance ‘d’. If ‘q’ be the charge on a

proton, find the potential energy of the system.
10. Draw net diagram of a wheat stone bridge. Also write the condition for the
balance of a wheat stone bridge.
11. A charge of 1 𝜇𝐶 is 1 m above the centre of a horizontal square surface of side
2 m. Calculate the electric flux associated with the surface.
12. An electric motor operates at 50 V d.c. supply and draws a current of 12 A. It
yields a mechanical power of 150 W. What is the efficiency of the motor?
13. What is non-ohmic circuit? Give one example.
14. Draw electric lines of force due to an electric dipole.
15. State the importance of electrical energy for the society.
21. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a charged capacitor.
22. Why do two equipotential surfaces never interest?
23. Draw the pattern of electric lines of force between two equal and opposite
charges placed at a small distance.
24. Define:
(i) Intensity of electric field at any point in an electric field
(ii) Electric dipole moment.
25. Write any two properties of a Gaussian surface.
26. What are magnetic monopoles? Why do magnetic monopoles not exist?
27. A 20 𝜇𝐹 capacitor is connected across a source of 10 V. What is the energy
stored by it, when it is fully charged?

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28. Two charges +4e and +9e are placed 2 m apart. Find a point on the line
joining these charges, where the net electric field is zero.
29. In the given diagram of an experiment to find an unknown resistance, null
point is obtained at 40 cm length of the meter bridge wire. Calculate the
unknown resistance R. [2]

30. What are ohmic conductors? State one limitation of Ohm’s law.
31. For two capacitors A and B, charge against potential graphs are given in the
following diagram. Which capacitor has higher capacitance and why?

32. Define the term drift velocity. Write a relation between drift velocity and
mobility of electrons.
33. An 𝛼 −particle is accelerated through 106 volt. What will be its kinetic
energy?
34. Calculate equivalent resistance of the given circuit between points a and b.

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36. Two point charges 𝑄1 = 400 𝜇𝐶 and 𝑄2 = 100 𝜇𝐶 are kept fixed 60 cm apart in
vacuum. Find the intensity of electric field at the midpoint of the line
joining Q1 and Q2.
37. In a uniform electric field the maximum torque on a dipole is 10 Nm.
Calculate the electric potential energy of the dipole when it is rotated
through 600 from its stable equilibrium position.
38. A charged hollow sphere of diameter 2 m produces a potential of 30 volt at a
distance of 3 m from its centre. Calculate potential at a distance of 0.5 m
from the centre.
39. In the given circuit, calculate the charge supplied by the battery:

40. Find the equivalent resistance between the points X and Y.

41. What is meant by : (i) current density (ii) relaxation time?

42. Explain the meaning of the statement : “electric charge of a body is
quantised.”
43. Draw a labelled diagram showing an electric dipole that makes an angle 𝜃
with the direction of a uniform electric field 𝐸 and hence derive an expression for
the torque experienced by the dipole.
44. Mention about the orientation of electric dipole in part (a) of the question
when it is in: (i) stable equilibrium (ii) unstable equilibrium

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45. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in terms
of area of the plates and the distance between them.
46. A circular coil of area 10 m2 is placed in a magnetic field of 10−4 tesla with its
plane making an angle of 600 with the field. Calculate the magnetic flux
associated with the coil.
47. A metallic wire has a resistance of 3.0 Ω at 00C and 4.8 Ω at 1500C. Find the
temperature coefficient of resistance of its material.
48. Two bulbs marked 25 W – 220 volt and 100 W-220 volt are connected in
series with 440 V supply. Which of the bulbs will fuse?
49. Derive the relation between electric field intensity and the potential
difference between two points in an electric field.
𝑒𝑡 𝑉
50. Derive expression for the drift velocity, 𝑣𝑠 = ( ) . The symbols used have
𝑚 𝑙

their usual meaning.

51. What is an electric dipole? Define the term electric dipole moment.
52. When a potential difference of 3 V is applied between the two ends of a 60 cm
long metallic wire, current density in it is found to be 1 × 10−7 𝐴𝑚−2. Find the
electrical conductivity of the material of the wire in SI system.
53. Draw a graph of resistivity vs, temperature for:
(i) metals (ii) semiconductors
54. A galvanometer with a coil of resistance 100 Ω and a scale having 100
divisions has a current sensitivity of 25 𝜇𝐴 division. How will you convert it into
an ammeter of range 0 to 5 A?
55. Write two properties of equipotential surfaces in an electric field.
56. What should be the capacitance of a capacitor which is capable of storing 1 J
of energy at 100 V d.c. supply?
57. Draw graphs E vs r and V vs r for a uniformly charged thin spherical shell
where E denotes electric fild intensity, V is electric potential and r is the
distance between the point where electric field and potential are required
and the centre of the sphere.
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58. A point charge of 2 𝜇𝐶 is at the centre of a cubical Gaussian surface 9.0 cm of
edge calculate the electric flux emanating from each face of the cube.
59. Draw electric lines of force due to two point charges 2 q and q kept at finite
distance apart.

3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Derive an expression for torque acting on an electric dipole placed in a

uniform electric field.
2. At each of the four corners of a square of side ‘a’, a charge +q is placed freely.
What charge should be placed at the centre of the square so that the whole
system is in equilibrium?
3. Define electric field. A point charge q is placed at the origin. How does the
electric field due to the charge vary with distance r from the origin? Draw a
graph to represent this.
4. Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
5. The distance between two horizontal parallel plates is 2 cm and the potential
difference between them is 120 V. Calculate the:
(i) Electric field between the plates
(ii) Force on an electron passing in between the plates
(iii) Increase in electrical energy of the electron in moving from one plate to
the other.
6. State Gauss’ theorem. Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field, as
one moves from the centre of a charged metal ball to a point on its surface
and then to a far-off outside point.
7. A point charge is placed at the centre of a closed Gaussian spherical surface.
How is electric flux through the surface affected when:
(i) The sphere is replaced by a cylinder of the same or different volume.
(ii) A second charge is placed inside the sphere
(iii) The charge is replaced by an electric dipole?
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8. Two wires A and B of equal masses and of the same metal are taken. The
diameter of the wire A is half the diameter of the wire B. If the resistance of
the wire A be 24 Ω, calculate the resistance of the wire B.
9. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in terms
of the area of the plates and the distance between them.
10. Calculate the steady state current through 2 Ω resistor in the given circuit.
The internal resistance of the battery is negligible and C = 2pF.

11. State Ohm’s law. A potentiometer difference V exists across a copper wire of
length 𝑙 and diameter d. How will the drift velocity of electrons be affected if
(i) V is doubled (ii) 𝑙 is doubled
12. As shown in the figure, a dielectric substance of dielectric constant K is
inserted in a parallel plate capacitor such that half of the space between the
–plates is completely filled. If the initial capacitance is C then what will be
the new capacitance?

13. If the galvanometer in the given circuit reads zero, find the value of the
resistor R. The 12 V d.c. source has negligible resistance.

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14. Three capacitors 𝐶1 = 6𝜇𝐹, 𝐶2 = 12 𝜇𝐹 and 𝐶3 = 20 𝜇𝐹 are connected to a 100 V battery,
as shown in the diagram given below:
Calculate the:
(i) Charge on each plate of the capacitor C1
(ii) Equivalent capacitance in the circuit.

15. State Kirchoff’s laws for an electrical network and derive a condition for a
balanced Wheatstone bridge.
16. A galvanometer having 30 divisions has a current sensitivity of 20
PA/division. It has a resistance of 25 Ω. How will you convert it into an
ammeter measuring upto 1 A?
17. Two bulbs B1 and B2 are connected in series with an A.C. source of emf 200 V
as shown. The labels on the bulbs B1 and B2 read 200 V – 60 W and 200 V –
100 W respectively.
Calculate the ratio of the:
(i) Resistance of the bulbs (R1 / R2)
(ii) Power being consumed when
connected in series (P1 / P2)
(iii) Potential difference across the bulbs (V1 / V2)
18. Draw a circuit diagram and explain the method for the determination of
internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer. Derive the formula used.
19. Using Kirchoff’s laws, find the current
flowing through the 2 Ω resistor.

20. Define the term intensity of electric field. Obtain an expression for the
intensity of electric field due to an electric dipole at any point on its
equatorial line.
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21. Two capacitors of 25 𝜇𝐹 and 100 𝜇𝐹 are connected in series to a d.c. source of
120 V. Keeping their charges unchanged, they are separated and then
connected in parallel to each other. Find the:
(i) Potential difference between the plates of each capacitor
(ii) Energy loss in this process
22. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
completely filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant K.
23. Two charges 𝑞1 = 0.25 𝜇𝐶 and 𝑞2 = −0.25 𝜇𝐶 are located at points A (0, 0, -15
cm) and B (0, 0, +15 cm) respectively. Find the total change and the electric
dipole moment of the system of two charges.
24. In the network of capacitors shown in the circuit given below, find the:
(a) equivalent capacitance of the circuit
(b) total charge derived from the source

25. Derive coulomb’s law using Gauss’ theorem.

26. A spherical Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 8.85 × 10−8𝐶.
(i) Calculate the electric flux passing through the surface.
(ii) If the radius of the Gaussian surface is doubled, how would the flux
through the surface change?
27. Point charges 4 × 10−6 𝐶 and 2 × 10−6𝐶 are placed at the vertices A and B
respectively of a right angled triangle ABD. If AD = 2 × 10−2 𝑀 and
𝐵𝐷 = 10−2𝑚, calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant field at D.

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28. Why is that a shunt is required to be connected in parallel with a moving coil
galvanometer to measure the current of a circuit? Establish the equation:
𝑆
𝑖𝑔 = 𝑖. (The symbols used have their usual meaning).
𝑆+𝐺

29. Derive an expression for the current delivered by a combination of ‘n’

identical cells in series.
30. Calculate the current passing through each resistor in the given network.

31. A spherical drop of water carrying a charge of 3 × 10−10𝐶 has a potential of

500 V. What is the radius of the drop? If two such charged drops combine to
form a single drop, what will be the potential of the surface of the new drop
formed?
32. An electric heater and an electric bulb are rated as 500 W 220 V and 100 W
220 V respectively. Both the appliances are connected in series to a 220 V a.c.
mains. Calculate the net power and the current in the circuit.
33. Define potential difference two points in an electric field and derive the
𝑑𝑉
relation. 𝐸 = − , where the symbols have their usual meaning.
𝑑𝑥

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34. An ideal voltmeter reads 7.5 V when connected across a 150 Ω resistor as
shown in the figure given below. What would it read when connected across a
100 Ω resistor? Also find the emf E of the battery. (Take internal resistance= 0)

35. The resistance of a wire is R ohms. Prove that its new resistance will be 𝑛2𝑅
if it is stretched to n times its original length.
36. ‘n’ identical cells each of emf E and internal resistance r are connected in
parallel. This combination is connected to an external resistance R. Derive
expression for: (i) total emf of the combination (ii) total internal resistance
(iii) current through external resistance R
37. If the following network, calculate the reading of the ammeter A.

38. Write down the principle of the potentiometer. Draw a circuit diagram for
finding the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer.
39. Write down coulomb’s law in vector form. Calculate the net force on 1 𝜇𝐶
charge shown in the diagram.

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40. Derive an expression for electric field at a point on the axis of an electric
dipole with the help of a neat diagram.
41. State Gauss’ theorem. Using Gauss’ theorem prove that the charge given to a
conductor stays on its outer surface.
42. The diagram shows a parallel plate capacitor of plate are A,
plate separation d, with a dielectric slab of thickness t and
dielectric constant K. Prove that its capacitance is
∈0𝐴
given by: 𝐶 = 𝑡
.
(𝑑−𝑡)+
𝐾

43. Two concentric spheres of radii 1 m and 2 m have charges 5𝜇𝐶 and −3𝜇𝐶
respectively as shown in figure. Calculate the potential difference between
the spheres.

44. A galvanometer has a coil resistance of 5 Ω. It gives full scale deflection at

0.5 volt. How can it be converted into an ammeter of range 5 A?
45. Write down expression for torque on an electric dipole kept in a uniform
electric field. For what angle between dipole moment and external field the :
(i) torque is zero (ii) dipole is in stable equilibrium?
46. A 10 𝜇𝐹 capacitor is charged by 100 V battery. After disconnecting from the
battery it is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant K = 5. Calculate the:
(i) final potential difference (ii) loss of energy
47. 𝐸
Using the law of conservation of energy prove that 𝐼 = , where the
𝑅+𝑟

symbols have their usual meaning.

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48. Resistance of a wire of certain material at 270C is 100 Ω. At what
temperature will the resistance be : (i) 101.7 Ω and (ii) 117 Ω? (The
temperature coefficient of resistance of the material of the wire is 1.70 ×
10−4 0𝐶−1).
49. Derive a relation between current and drift velocity of electrons.
50. Calculate the values of current x and resistance R in the given circuit using
Kirchoff’s laws.

51. Define Relaxation time of free electrons in metals. Also derive the expression,
𝑚
𝜌= where the symbols have their usual meaning.
𝑛𝑒2𝜏

52. Derive an expression for work done in rotating an electric dipole through an
angle 𝜃 in a uniform electric field. If the dipole is under stable equilibrium
condition in the electric field then for what angle of rotation will the work
done be maximum?
53. Derive mathematical condition necessary for a balanced wheatstone bridge.
54. In the given circuit calculate the value of R if voltmeter reads zero.

R
55. State Gauss’ law. Using it deduce the Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
56. Derive an expression to show that the potential at a point due to a point
charge is inversely proportional to the distance from the charge.
57. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having a
dielectric slab of thickness less than the separation in between the plates.
58. The graph given alongside shows the variation of charge q with the potential
difference V for two capacitors C1 and C2.
The two capacitors have same plate separation, same dielectric between the
plates but the plate area of C2 is double of that C1.

59. A charged particle of mass 4.8 × 10−10𝑔 is held stationary in a vertically

downward electric field of 2.94 × 106𝑁𝐶−1 . Find the magnitude and sign of the
charge on the particle.
60. Show graphically the variation of electric potential due to a point charge with
distance.

61. Three identical capacitors when connected in series have equivalent

capacitance 𝐶𝑠, and when connected in parallel equivalent capacitance is 𝐶𝑝.
Find the ratio 𝐶𝑝: 𝐶𝑠.
62. Figure shows three point charges +2q, -q and
+3q. S is a Gaussian surface. What is the
electric flux over S? Also state with reason
whether the flux is positive or negative.

63. Define magnetic flux and write itx S.I.

unit. Find the magnetic flux through an
area 𝐴 − 10−2𝑚 held perpendicular to
the field as shown alongside.
64. A rectangular loop of area 20 cm x 30 cm is placed in a magnetic field of 0.3 T
with its plane:
(i) normal to the field (ii) inclined at 300 to the field
(iii) parallel to the field
Find the flux linked with the coil in each case.
65. ‘n’ identical cells each of e.m.f. ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ are connected in
series. Derive an expression for the current sent by these cells in series to an
external resistance R.
66. Calculate the net force on charge at A in the
diagram.

67. Show that the electrostatic energy stored in a charged capacitor is given by:
𝑈 = 1 𝐶𝑉2 . The symbols used have their usual meanings.
2
68. 𝑛𝑒2𝜏
Derive the relation 𝜎 = for a conductor, where the symbols used have
𝑚
their usual meanings.
69. Ohm’s law may also be stated by the equation 𝐽⃗ = 𝜎 𝐸 . What do the symbols 𝐽⃗ ,
𝜎 and 𝐸 stand for? Show that combination of units on the two sides are identical.
70. Two capacitors have an equivalent capacitance of 24 𝜇𝐹 when joined in parallel
and of 6 𝜇𝐹 when joined in series. What are their individual capacitance?
71. An electric dipole AB of length ‘l’is kept in a
uniform electric field 𝐸.
(i) Show the electrostatic force acting on
each of the charges forming the dipole.
(ii) Obtain an expression for the torque
acting on the dipole.
72. Three particles A, B and C are
equally charged. The force acting on
B due to A is 2 × 10−6𝑁. Find out
the:
(i) force on B due to C

(ii) net force on B

73. A cylinder is immersed in a uniform electric field 𝐸 with its axis parallel to
the field. Show that the electric flux through the cylinder is zero.

74. An oil drop having 12 excess electrons is held stationary in a uniform electric
field of 2.55 × 104𝑁/𝐶. Estimate the radius of the drop. (Density of oil is 1.26 gm
cm-3).
75. Using the given circuit calculate:
(i) Equivalent capacitance between A and B.
(ii) Potential difference across 2 𝜇𝐹 capacitor.
(iii) Charge on 3 𝜇𝐹 capacitor.
76. Using Gauss’ theorem derive an expression for the intensity of electric field
due to an infinite line charge of uniform charge density 𝜆 coulomb/metre.
77. Three charges are arranged as shown. What is the electric potential energy of
the system? (q = 150 nano coulomb and a = 0.12 m).
78. Write an expression (derivation is not required) for the intensity of electric
field at any point in:
(i) axial position (ii) equatorial line
of an electric dipole, in terms of its half length (l), dipole moment (p) and
distance (r).
79. You are provided with 8 𝜇𝐹 capacitors. How will you arrange a minimum
number of them to get a resultant capacitance of 20 𝜇𝐹? Justify your answer
with a suitable calculation.
80. Write an expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a
uniform electric field in terms of 𝑝 and 𝐸 . Also show the position of the dipole
in the electric field when it is in unstable equilibrium.
81. Two points P and Q are maintained at the potentials of 10 V and – 4V
respectively. Find the work done in moving 100 electrons from P to Q.
82. In the meter bridge experiment, balance point was observed on 1 metre long
wire AB at point J with AJ = 𝑙 cm.
(i) If positions of resistances R and X in the gaps are interchanged,
what would be the new position of balance point?
(ii) If the galvanometer and battery are interchanged at the balance
position, how will the balance point get affected?
83. Two small identical metallic spheres A and B, each carrying a charge q,
repel each other with a force F. A third uncharged metallic sphere C of the
same size is successively made to touch the spheres A and B and then taken
away. Find the new force between A and B.
84. A system of charges has two charges 𝑞𝐴 = 0.25 𝜇𝐶 and 𝑞𝐵 = −0.25 𝜇𝐶 at
points A(0, 0, -15 cm) and B(0, 0, +15 cm) respectively. Find the total charge
and the electric dipole moment of the system.
85. Three point charges 𝑄1 = 25𝜇𝐶 , 𝑄2 = 50 𝜇𝐶 and 𝑄3 = 100 𝜇𝑐 are kept at the
corners A, B and C respectively of an equilateral triangle ABC having each
side equal to 7.5 m. Calculate the total electrostatic energy of the system.
86. Two bulbs marked 25 W – 220 V and 100 W – 220 V are connected is series
with a 440 V supply. Which of the bulb will fuse and why?

87. In the circuit shown alongside E1 and

E2 are two cells having emfs 2 V and 3
V respectively and negligible internal
resistances. Applying Kirchoff’s law of
electrical networks, find the values of
currents I1 and I2. [3]

88. Write an expression for Lorentz force in terms of charge, velocity of charged
particle, external magnetic field and angle between velocity and external
field. For what angle between velocity and magnetic field the force will be:
(i) maximum (ii) minimum [3]
89. What is potential gradient? Draw a diagram to show that a potentiometer
can be used to find internal resistance of a cell. Also write an expression for
calculating the internal resistance.
90. In the given circuit, ammeter A
(of negligible resistance) reads
7.5 × 10−2𝐴. Calculate the value
of R.

91. In the given circuit diagram, PQ is a wire of length 4 m and has a resistance
of 20 Ω.

(i) When the jockey does not

touch the wire PQ, what
is the reading of the
ammeter?
(ii) Where should the jockey J
be pressed on the wire PQ
so that galvanometer
shows no deflection?
92. Calculate the currents 𝑖1 , 𝑖2 and 𝑖3 in the
given circuit.

93. Two wires A and B of the same material having lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 and
diameters in the ratio 2 : 3 are connected in series. Compute the ratio of
potential difference across the two wires.
94. In the circuit shown alongside, E1
and E2 are batteries having emf’s
4.0 V and 3.5 V respectively and
internal resistance are 1Ω and 2 Ω
respectively. Calculate the
currents 𝑙1 , 𝑙2 and 𝑙3 .

95. A galvanometer with a coil of

resistance 12.0 Ω shows a full scale deflection for a current of 2.5 mA. How
will you convert it into an ammeter of range 0 to 5.0 A?
96. The current flowing through a conductor is given by 𝑖 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴𝑣𝑑 .
(i) Identify the terms n and A in the equation.
(ii) Write an expression for 𝑣𝑑 if the current flowing through the conductor of
length ‘l’ has its ends maintained at a potential difference of ‘V’ volt.
(Derivation is not required).
(iii) If 𝑣𝑑 is the drift velocity under the influence of electric field E, then write the
expression for the mobility of electrons.
97. The resistance of a tungsten filament at 00C is 79 Ω. What will be its
resistance at 5000C? The temperature coefficient of resistance of tungsten is
0.0045 per 0𝐶.
98. How much resistance should be connected in
parallel to 15 Ω resistor shown in the circuit
so that the points M and N are at the same
potential.
99. A galvanometer having a resistance of 75 Ω produces a full scale deflection
with a current of 5 mA. How can this galvanometer be converted into a
voltmeter which has a range of 0 – 500 volt?
100. The maximum power rating of each resistor
(2 Ω) in the given circuit is 18 W (otherwise it
would melt). What is the maximum power
rating of the whole circuit?

101. Show with the help of a graph, the variation of electric potential due to a
uniformly charged spherical shell, with distance from the centre of the shell.
102. In the circuit shown, a voltmeter reads
3.0 V when it is connected across a 1500
Ω resistor. What is the resistance of the
voltmeter? The 6.0 V battery has
negligible resistance.

103. Calculate the magnitude of

current and show its direction
in the circuit diagram given
below:

104. Two positive charges distant 0.1 m apart repel each other with a force of 18
N. If the sum of the charges be 9 𝜇𝐶, then calculate their separate values.
105. Using Gauss’ theorem on electrostatics derive an expression for the electric
field at a point due to an infinite plane sheet of charge having a uniform
surface charge density 𝜎 coulomb / m2.
106. A charge of 17.7 × 10−4𝐶 is distributed uniformly over a large sheet of area
200 m2. Calculate the electric field intensity at a distance 20 cm from it in
air.
107. A battery is made of 12 cells connected in series, each cell having an emf E
and internal resistance r. Some of the cells are connected with wrong
polarity. This battery is connected to another source of emf 2 E and internal
resistance 2 r. An ammeter in the circuit reads 3 A when the battery and the
source aid each other and 2 A when they oppose each other. How many cells
in the battery are connected with wrong polarity?
𝑒𝜏
108. Obtain the relation 𝑣𝑑 = 𝐸 using free electron theory. Symbols used have
𝑚
their usual meaning..
109. Deduce an expression for torque acting over an electric dipole of dipole
moment p at an arbitrary angle 𝜃 with the uniform electric field E. (Draw the
necessary diagram).

5 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 10 m and D is the mid point of BC.

Charges of +100 𝜇𝐶, −100𝜇𝐶 and + 75 𝜇𝐶 are placed at B, C and D respectively.
Find the force on a +1 𝜇𝐶 charge placed at A.
2. With the help of labelled diagram, obtain an expression for the electric field
intensity E at any point P on the equatorial line (broad-side-on position) on
an electric dipole. Also write the direction of resultant electric field intensity.
3. Define the term capacitance of a capacitor and write its SI units. For a
partially filled parallel plate capacitor show that the capacitance
𝜖0𝐴
𝐶= 1
, where symbols used have their usual meaning.
𝑑−𝑡 (1− )
𝐾
4. A resistance of 2 Ω is connected across one gap of a metre bridge (the length
of the wire is 100 cm) and an unknown resistance R greater than 2 Ω, is
connected across the other gap. When these resistance are interchanged the
balance point increases by 20 cm. Neglecting any correction, find the
unknown resistance R.
5. If one of the two electrons of H2 molecules is removed we get a hydrogen
molecule ion 𝐻+. In the ground state of an 𝐻+ the two protons are separated
2 2
by roughly 1.5 𝐴̇ and the electron is roughly 1 𝐴̇ from each proton. Determine
the potential energy of the system. Specify your choice of the zero of potential
energy.
6. (i) Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a potentiometer to measure internal
resistance of a cell. Write the working formula. (Derivation of the formula is
not required).
(ii) How can the sensitivity of a potentiometer be increased?
USEFUL CONSTANTS AND RELATIONS
(i) Permittivity of free space (∈0) = 8.85 × 10−12𝑁−1𝑚−2𝐶2
(ii) Charge on an electron (𝑒) = 1.6 × 10−19𝐶
(iii) 1 = 9 × 109 𝑁𝑚2𝐶−2
4𝜋∈0
(iv)
Acceleration due to gravity (𝑔) = 9.8 𝑚𝑠−2
(v) Mass of an electron (𝑚𝑒) = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
(vi) Mass of a proton (𝑚𝑝) = 1.67 × 10−27 𝑘𝑔
(vii) Sped of light in vacuum (𝑐) = 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
DEAR CMS STUDENTS,

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