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    3.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSISTOR

    Formula:

    1) Current Gain in CE mode, = IC /IB =slope


    2) Current Gain in CB mode,  =  / 1+
    3) Current Gain in CC mode,  = 1/ 1-

    Circuit diagram:

    VBB and VCC = Power Supply

    VBE = Base emitter voltage

    VCE = Collector emitter voltage

    B = Base, C = collector, E = emitter

    IB = Base current

    IC = Collector current.

    Observations: Input characteristics:

    VCE = 1 Volt VCE = 3 Volt


    VBE in volts IB in A VBE in volts IB in A
    0 0.0 0 0
    0.1 0.0 0.1 0
    0.2 0.0 0.2 0
    0.3 0.0 0.3 0
    0.4 0.1 0.4 0
    0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6
    0.6 10.8 0.6 10.7
    0.7 57.7 0.7 60.8
    0.8 136.4 0.8 139.8
    Output characteristics:

    IB = 50 A IB = 75 A
    VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA) VCE (V) IC (mA)
    0 0.00 1.0 3.7 0 0.00 1.0 5.7
    0.1 1.67 2.0 3.7 0.1 3.03 2.0 5.7
    0.2 2.53 3.0 3.8 0.2 5.3 3.0 5.8
    0.3 3.5 4.0 3.8 0.3 5.7 4.0 5.8
    0.4 3.7 5.0 3.8 0.4 5.7 5.0 5.8
    0.5 3.7 6.0 3.8 0.5 5.7 6.0 5.8
    0.6 3.7 7.0 3.8 0.6 5.7 7.0 5.8
    0.7 3.7 8.0 3.8 0.7 5.7 8.0 5.8
    0.8 3.7 9.0 3.8 0.8 5.7 9.0 5.8
    0.9 3.7 10.0 3.8 0.9 5.7 10.0 5.8

    3. Transfer Characteristics:

    VCE = 1 Volt
    IB (A) IC (mA)
    0 0.00
    10 0.72
    20 1.44
    30 2.21
    40 2.98
    50 3.72
    60 4.45
    70 5.11
    80 5.91
    90 6.63
    100 7.42

    1. x-axis: 1unit= 0.1V, y: 20A; Slope=AB/BC; Rin=1/slope V=0.6

    2. x: 1V, y: 1mA; IA=75 A, IB=50 A


    3. x: 10A, y: 1mA; Slope=AB/BC= 2.93/40 = 73.2= 

    Calculation:

    Input Resistance Rin =BC/AB= 1/

    Rin = BC/AB= 1/slope = 1/0.0732 = 13.66 KΩ

    1) =  / 1+ = 73.2/ (1+73.2) = 73.2/74.2 = 0.986


    2) = 73.2
    3)  = 1/ 1- = 1/ (1-0.986) = 71.4285 = 71.43

    Result:

    The input, output & transfer characteristics of a given NPN transistor in common emitter are studied and the
    estimated values of input resistance, Knee voltage, current gain (,  & γ) are as follows.

    VCE= 1volt

    Input resistance, Rin= 1/slope = 1/787 = 1.27KΩ

    Knee voltage, Vknee=0.6V

    VCE= 3 volt

    Input resistance, Rin= 1/slope = 1/790 = 1.27KΩ

    Knee voltage, Vknee=0.6V

    Current gain (CE mode)  = 73.2

    (CB mode)  = 73.2/ (1+73.2) = 0.986

    (CC mode) γ = 1/ (1-0.986) = 71.43

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