Copar Handout

DMC COLLEGE FOOUNDATION, INC.
COLLEGE OF NURSING
NCM 110 – CHN 2
Community Organizing Participatory Action Research
COPAR
COPAR
- Is the strategy by the Health Resource Development Program for the implementation of the PHC
delivery in the depressed community
- Is a tool for community development and community development
- Community Organizing Participatory Action Research
- Is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless
poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community.
- Community Organizing Participatory Action Research
- Father of community organizing Saul Alinsky , American community organizer and writer
- FIVE YEARS RENEWABLE
- COPAR is both a science and an art.
o It is an art because it involves skills and dexterity.
o Is a science because it involves the use of systematic process and empirical data.
-
COPAR
WANTS TO TRANSFORM A PASSIVE COMMUNITY TO AN ACTIVE COMMUNITY
Sleepy to Live
PURPOSE OF COPAR
Community development approach that allows the community (participatory) to analyse the
situation (research) plan a solution and implement projects (action) utilizing the process of
community organizing.
Community Organizing Process

CA - Community Analysis
DI - Design and initiation
I - Implementation
PMC - Program Maintenance and Consolidation
DR - Dissemination and Reassessment
IMPORTANCE OF COPAR:
1. An important tool for community development and people empowerment
2. Offers an alternative solution to health problems that may not require medical interventions.
3. Prepare people to take over management of programs in the future.
4. Community resources are mobilized for selected community health services.
(Community resources are mobilized to solve their problem Gets people actively involved in
selection and support of community health workers.)
COPAR means a group of people who

 Identify a problem
 Do something to resolve it
 See how successful their efforts were
 If not satisfied – try again
PRINCIPLES OF COPAR:
1. Do people have the quality to change
2. Do people possess the ability to bring change
3. Base interest of the poorest sector of the community
4. Lead to development of self –reliant community
4 METHODS USED IN COPAR

1. Action reflection – action sessions (ARAS)
Must be progressive - the cycle begins with small local and concrete issues identified by the
People. The:
Goal must be initiated always and must done by THEM
Action established (the people)
Evaluated
2. Consciousness raising
COPAR process must create or established consciousness thru experimental learning. That
emphasize the concrete actions which enriches also the succeeding actions so in here we
mention earlier that we are going to let the people understand their own problem, solve their
own problem, evaluate their own problem - But they can’t stand on their own and they don’t
know also the process on how to do it. So in COPAR Process we need to discuss to them or to let
them understand on how they are going to do it. This can be done through conscious raising
through education, workshops and training in order to strengthen the people in the community
in facing their issues have a concrete action which succeeds a good result.
3. Participatory and Mass based

It is not a leader center approach – it is a mass community approach
Because it is primarily directed towards unbiased in favor of the poor and powerless and
oppressed community.
4. Group Centered
It is not focus only on an individual centered instead a group centered program and the people
will work together – the people will stand together so it’s a group oriented or group center
EMPHASIS
1. Community working to solve its own problem.
2. Direction is established internally and externally.
3. Development and implementation of a specific project less important than the development of
the capacity of the community to establish the project.
4. Consciousness raising involves perceiving health and medical care within the total structure of
society.
PHASES OF COPAR PROCESS

1. PRE – ENTRY PHASE
- Is the initial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for
communities to serve and help.
- This phase signals the actual entry of the community worker/organizer
Activities
 Preparation of the Institution

o Train faculty and students in COPAR.
o Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR.
o Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program.
o Coordinate participants of other departments.
 Site Selection
o Initial networking with local government.
o Conduct preliminary special investigation.
o Make long/short list of potential communities.
o Do ocular survey of listed communities.
 Criteria for Initial Site Selection

o Must have a population of 100-200 families.
o Economically depressed.
o No strong resistance from the community.
o No serious peace and order problem.
o No similar group or organization holding the same program.
 Identifying Potential Municipalities

o Make long/short list.
 Identifying Potential Barangay

o Do the same process as in selecting municipality.
o Consult key informants and residents.
o Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities.
 Choosing Final Barangay

o Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.
o Determine the need of the program in the community.
o Take note of political development.
o Develop community profiles for secondary data.
o Develop survey tools.
o Pay courtesy call to community leaders.
o Choose foster families based on guidelines.
 Identifying Host Family

o House is strategically located in the community.
o Should not belong to the rich segment.
o Respected by both formal and informal leaders.
o Neighboors are not hesitant to enter the house.
o No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.
2. ENTRY PHASE
- Sometimes called the social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining
which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community. Success of
the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated
with the community.
 Guidelines for Entry

o Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their
presence and activities.
o Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those
of the community residents without disregard of their being role model.
o Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key
profile.
 Activities in the Entry Phase

o Integration
- Establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe community
life.
- living with the community
- seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate
- lend a hand in household chores
- avoid gambling and drinking
o Deepening social investigation/community study

- verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey
- conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through community
assembly
o Core Group Formation

- Leader spotting through sociogram.
- Key persons - approached by most people
- Opinion leader - approach by key persons
- Isolates - never or hardly consulted
3. ORGANIZATION – BUILDING PHASE

- Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formal
procedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities.
- It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training
(formal, informal, OJT) to develop their style in managing their own
concerns/programs.
 Key Activities
o Community Health Organization (CHO)
- preparation of legal requirements
- guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group
- election of officers
o Research Team Committee
o Planning Committee
o Health Committee Organization
o Formation of by-laws by the CHO
4. SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

o Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the
community members are already actively participating in community-wide
undertakings. At this point, the different committee’s setup in the organization-
building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning,
implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the
community-wide organization.
 Key Activities
o Training of CHO for monitoring and implementing of community health program.
o Identification of secondary leaders.
o Linkages and networking.
o Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns.
o Implementation of livelihood projects
Prepared by:
Maria Rose O. Alarin, MN

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DMC COLLEGE FOOUNDATION, INC.

NCM 110 – CHN 2

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research

Community Organizing Process

COPAR means a group of people who

4 METHODS USED IN COPAR

3. Participatory and Mass based

PHASES OF COPAR PROCESS

 Preparation of the Institution

 Criteria for Initial Site Selection

 Identifying Potential Municipalities

 Identifying Potential Barangay

 Choosing Final Barangay

 Identifying Host Family

 Guidelines for Entry

 Activities in the Entry Phase

o Deepening social investigation/community study

o Core Group Formation

3. ORGANIZATION – BUILDING PHASE

4. SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE

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